The document discusses universal human values and value education. It defines universal human values as fundamental principles like respect, honesty and compassion that are applicable to all people regardless of background. Value education aims to impart these values through developing character, empathy and social responsibility. It discusses the need for value education to understand human aspirations and goals. The document also outlines various approaches to value education like discussion, role-playing and storytelling. It emphasizes self-exploration, natural acceptance and the fulfillment of relationships as key to value education.

1. Universal Human values
Ch.1. Introduction to
values Education

2. Introduction
 Universal human values refer to a set of fundamental principles and
beliefs that are considered essential and applicable to all individuals,
regardless of their cultural, social, religious, or geographical
backgrounds.
 These values are considered universal because they are considered to be
inherent to human nature and are recognized as beneficial for personal
well-being, social harmony, and the advancement of society as a whole.
 Respect
 Honesty
 Compassion
 Justice
 Tolerance
 Forgiveness
 Gratitude
 Love
 Peace

3. Meaning of Value Education
 Value education refers to the process of imparting ethical, moral, and
social values to individuals, typically within an educational setting. It
aims to instill principles and virtues that guide individuals to make
responsible, compassionate, and ethical decisions in their personal and
social lives.
 The goal of value education is to develop well-rounded individuals
who not only excel academically but also possess a strong sense of
character, empathy, and social responsibility.
 Understanding the Need for Value Education: It unable to
understand the our aspiration and visualize our goals for a
fulfilling life and indicate direction for their fulfillment.
 The subject which enables to us to understand this domain is
called value education. It enables to understand our aspiration
and visualize our goal for a fulfilling life and indicates the
direction for their fulfillment

4. Guidelines for the value education
 Universal: It has to be universally applicable to all human beings for all
time and all places. This implies that values should not change according
to caste, creed, nationality, gender, age etc.
 Rational: It has to appeal to reasoning; and not be based on dogmas or
blind beliefs. It has to be open to address the related questions.
 Natural and Verifiable: It has to be 'naturally acceptable 'to the human
being and there needs to be every provision in nature for its fulfillment. It
needs to be experientially verifiable, and not based on dogmas, belief or
assumptions. It is not merely an intellectual exercise or in formation
transfer.
 All Encompassing: It needs to cover all dimensions (thought, behavior,
work and understanding) and levels (individual, family, society and
nature/existence)of human life.

5. Content of value education
 The value of the participation is at larger scale in order of which it is a
part. The value of the human being is its participation in the larger
order.
Eg: My role of living with the other human being is to ensure the feeling
of respect in the relationship. More importantly I should feel happy
in fulfilling my role and it is fulfilling the role of others as well.
 The content of value education may vary depending on cultural,
social, and regional factors. However, some common topics
often covered in value education include:
 The value of human being is to ensure the mutual fulfillment in the
larger order i.e. in the entire nature/existence, but starting from
themselves, then extending in their family and in society.
 That means the content or scope of study has to be all encompassing,
i.e.
 It has to coverall dimensions of human being-thought, behavior,
work and realization.
 It has to cover all levels of human living-individual, family, society,
nature and existence.

6. Process of value education
 Process for value education has to be that of self-exploration (Natural
acceptance and Experiential validation in living) Experiential validation
is a process that infuses direct experience with the learning
environment and content.
 Discussion and Debate: Engaging students in discussions and debates
on moral and ethical dilemmas to promote critical thinking and
decision-making skills.
 Role-playing: Using role-playing activities to help students understand
different viewpoints and practice empathetic communication.
 Storytelling: Sharing moral stories and parables from different cultures
to impart valuable life lessons.
 Ethical Reflection: Encouraging students to reflect on their actions
and their consequences from an ethical perspective.

7. Self Exploration and Natural Acceptance
 Self-Exploration and 'Natural Acceptance':
 Self exploration is the process to find out what is valuable to me
by investigating within myself, what is right for me, true for me,
has to be judged within myself.
 Self-exploration is an integral part of value education, where
individuals are encouraged to introspect and understand their
own values, beliefs, and personal biases. It helps students
become more self-aware and align their actions with their core
values.
 'Natural Acceptance' refers to the genuine acceptance of oneself
and others as they are, without judgment or prejudice. It teaches
students not only to tolerate diversity but also to embrace it and
celebrate the uniqueness of each individual.
 By promoting self-exploration and natural acceptance, value
education contributes to the holistic development of individuals
and the creation of a more compassionate and understanding
society.

9. Continuous Happiness and Prosperity- A look at basic Human
Aspirations
 Whatever we think or whatever we do is with some end state in mind:
Our basic aspiration:
1. Do I want to be happy?
2. Do I want to be prosperous?
3. Do I want continuity of happiness and Prosperity.
It is observed that we get happiness through accumulation of physical
facility. The basic problem is that happiness and prosperity comes
through accumulation of physical facility.
 If continuity of happiness and prospelity is not achieved by just
accumulating physical facility then what else is essential to do? Let's
try to find out by asking this question to ourselves:
 If continuity of happiness and prospe1ity is not achieved by just
accumulating physical facility then what else is essential to do? Let's try
to find out by asking this question to ourselves:
 Is the unhappiness in my family
◦ More due to lack of physical facility or
◦ More due to lack of fulfilment in relationship?

10. Relationship and Physical Facilities
 How much time and efforts you are investing in physical facility and
relationship?
(For Human beings the physical facility as well as relationship is also
necessary and important)
 There is difference between animal and human beings when it comes
physical facility and relationship.
 When human beings are not getting physical facility they becomes
uncomfortable and once it is fulfill then they think of other things.
 So, we can conclude that physical facility is necessary for
animals; it is necessary for human beings also. However:
 For animals, physical facility is necessary as well as adequate.
 For human beings, physical facility is necessary, but physical
facility alone is not adequate.

11. Exploring the meaning of Happiness and prosperity
 Happiness: The situation in which I live, if there is harmony/synergy
in it, Naturally acceptable to me in that situation.
 When we are in situation with outside world in which there is
harmony, we feel happy as the feeling of being in that situation is
naturally acceptable.
 Happiness: To be in that situation is happiness.
 Unhappiness: The situation in which I live, if there is
disharmony/contradiction in it, not Naturally acceptable to me in that
situation.
 Unhappiness : To be forced to be in that situation is disharmony/
contradiction.
 Prosperity: Right assessment of the need for the physical facility:
along with required quantity.
 Ensuring the availability of more than required physical facility.

12.  The need of the self and the body:
1. The need of the self is happiness (feeling of respect to
happiness) while the need of the body is physical
facility(eg: food)
2. Needs related to self is continuous in time
3. The need related to body are required for limited time.
 The other way to understand the difference in terms of
Quantity and Quality:
 We can identify the quantity of the food needed to
nurture our body (Food, Clothing and Shelter)
 On the other hand the respect and feeling are not
measure in terms of quantitative. It is always measure in
terms of quality.

14. Self as Consciousness and Body as the Material entity
 Self is the domain of consciousness, which is the characterized by the
activity of knowing, assuming recognizing and fulfilling
 The body is the domain of material and it only has the activity of
recognizing and fulfilling.
 Happiness is the need for consciousness and it is fulfilled by right
understanding and right feeling.
 The body is the material unit, its needs material in nature and they are
fulfilled by physio chemical things.
 To understand the human being, both the domain of consciousness
as well as the domain of material needs to be understood. For
human being both the domain need to be fulfilled separately.

15. Activities of the self and the body
 Activities of the self can be seen in terms of desire, thoughts, and
expectation. This are continuous in nature while on the other hand
eating and walking are temporary in nature
1. Desire: It is an activity of imaging.
2. Thought: The power for activity of analyzing based on comparing
various possibilities to fulfill your desire.
3. Expectation: The power for activity of selecting based on testing.
Response of the body and self:
 Response of the body is on recognizing and fulfilling whereas Self is
based on knowing, assuming, recognizing and fulfilling.
 Recognition and fulfilling is definite in body while that of self;
assuming it can change. It leads to change in recognition and fulfillment.

16. Pre-conditioning= Assuming without self verification
Assuming, Recognizing, Fulfilling
Problem
(Samasya)
Education
(sanskar)
Solution
(Samadhan)
Pre-conditioning or assuming without
verification
Assumption keeps changing
Conduct is indefinite
1. Knowing through self verification (On the
basis of Natural acceptance & on the
basis of living accordingly )
2. Assumption on the basis of knowing are
definite
3. Conduct is definite

17. Understanding harmony in human being
 Activities of self are continuous : These power of desire, thought,
expectation are inexhaustible, and the activities are continuous.
This activities all together constitute imagination, we may not able to
observe our desire , thoughts and expectation distinctly, but may able
to see that something is going on within.
 (Possible source of imagination)
1. Pre-conditioning: Dominant source of imagination- This ideally
means on belief, norms, ideas, goals etc.
2. Sensation: This information we get from our body i.e. 5 senses:
(Sound, touch, sight, taste & smell)
3. Natural Acceptance: It can also referred to as the inner voice or
conscience. Self verification on the basis of our natural acceptance.

18.  Body is the self organized system. It has many parts and each part has co-exists
with harmony with every other part.
 The eyes are well connected to the brain; mouth, the stomach and the whole
digestive system is synchronized and so it is for every organ, cell of the body
and you have to do nothing to make connection the various parts or to deal with
every cell.
 The responsibility of the self towards the body in terms of nurturing,
protecting and rightly utilizing the body.
 Nurturing the body is by providing appropriate air, water, food sunlight
etc.
 The feeling responsibility towards the body is called as the feeling of self-
regulation and a natural outcome of its health.

19. Understanding harmony in the family
 Feeling of relationship as the basis for harmony in the family.
 The harmony in the family has primarily to do with the fulfillment of
relationship between one human being and the other being.
 Understanding relationship :
1. Relationship (between self and with other)
2. There are feeling in relationship (in one self for the self)
3. These feelings can be recognized (they are definite) (Trust, respect,
affection, care, guidance, reverence, glory, gratitude, love.)
4. The fulfillment of these feelings and their rights evaluations leads to mutual
happiness.

20.  Justice in Relationship: Justice is the recognition, fulfillment and
evaluation of human – human relationship, leading to mutual happiness.
 Fulfillment of relationship:
1. Ensuring the naturally acceptable feelings in oneself
2. Living with responsibility with other with these feelings, forming the
basis of relationship with other comfortable and assured.
3. making efforts for mutual development ie development of one own
competence and being of help to the other in developing their
competence.
 Justice is desirable in the family and beyond the family, all the
way to the world family.

21. Understanding Harmony of Society
 When we talk about the society it means families living together in a
relationship of mutual fulfillment other wise it is just like a crowd or
battlefield.
Understanding Human Goals:
 Right understanding & Right feeling Happiness In every Individual
 Prosperity In Every Family
 Fearlessness (Trust) In society
 Coexistence (Mutual Fulfillment) In Nature/ Existence.
Dimensions of Human order:
1. Education (Sanskar) Leads to Right understanding and Right feeling
2. Health Self Regulation leads to Prosperity
3. Production work leads to Prosperity
4. Justice Preservation leads to Fearlessness and co existence (Respectively)
5. Exchange Storage leads to Prosperity and fearlessness.

22. 1. Education: To develop the right understanding of the harmony at all level of
being- from self to entire existence (individual, family, society, &
nature/existence) (Right understanding, Right feeling, Right skills).
2. Health & Self Regulation: Self regulation is the feeling of responsibility
towards the body, for nurturing, protection and right utilization of the body.
Health of the body indicated by the fact that is able to act according to the
instruction of the self and the different parts of the body are in harmony.
3. Production & work: Work is the effort a human being does on the rest of the
nature and production is the physical facility obtained from work. (What to
produce and How to produce)
4. Justice- Preservation: Justice is recognition of human –human relationship,
its fulfillment and evaluation leading to mutual happiness. (Stop people from
doing the un-justice and help them to develop the competence for ensuring
justice)
5. Exchange- Storage: Exchange means sharing or exchanging physical facility
with a view of mutual fulfillment and not with the obsession for profit.
Storage is preserving physical facility after the fulfillment of needs so that it is
available, when required.