Muhammad founded the religion of Islam in the 7th century CE after claiming to receive visions from the angel Gabriel. He taught that there is only one God, Allah, and wrote down his revelations in the Quran. After facing persecution in Mecca for his beliefs, Muhammad fled to Medina, an event known as the Hegira. Islam then spread across Arabia through both conversion and military conquest. The religion is based on the Five Pillars of Islam and Sharia law, with followers divided into the Sunni and Shia sects after a dispute over leadership following Muhammad's death.

1. The Origins of Islam

2. Chapter 2 vocabulary
• Allah
• Hegira
• Sharia law
• Jihad
• Greek fire

3. Muhammad
• Born in Mecca
• Claimed to have vision from angel Gabriel
• Wrote it down in the Qur’an
• Teaches there is only one god – Allah (the god)
• Formed the faith of Islam

4. Muhammad

5. • He was forced to leave Mecca because of his
beliefs
• Fled to Medina
• This move to Medina is called Hegira

6. Battle of Badr
• Muhammad attacked
caravans for treasures
• The people of Mecca fought
back
• Muhammad was
outnumbered, but won
• Muhammad took control of
Mecca and forced the Mecca
people to accept Islam

7. • Muhammad died. Who takes over Islam now?
Muhammad (died)
Abu Bakr (one of the first converts)
Uthmann (killed by his own troops)
Ali (Muhammad’s cousin)

8. Abu Bakr
• Abu Bakr defeated all who didn’t want to be
Muslim
• The Wars of Apostasy were the battles
between Islam and the people that didn’t
want to be Islam anymore

9. Abu Bakr

10. Ali
• Islam split into two groups:
1. Shiite – followed Ali
2. Sunni – believed any worthy Muslim could be
leader

11. Ali

12. Books of Islam
• Qur’an – oral teachings of Muhammad
• Hadith – Contains description of Muhammad’s
life
• Muslims teach that the Bible contains false
teaching

13. What does Qur’an say about Jesus?
• Offensive to say that Jesus is God
• It denies Christ’s death on the cross

14. What does Qur’an say about
Salvation?
• It says salvation is earned by doing good works
• There is a large scale and the good works have
to outweigh the bad
• Allah has the final word if you go to Paradise
or Hell

15. 5 Pillars of Islam
1. Repeat the creed “There is no God but Allah,
and Muhammad is the prophet of Allah.”
2. Daily practice of prayer
3. Almsgiving
4. Fasting
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a
lifetime

16. • http://www.thirteen.org/edonline/accessisla
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17. During Pilgrimage
1. Circle the Ka’bah seven times
2. Run 7 times between the two hills of Mecca
3. Travel 13 miles to the place where
Muhammad is believed to have preached his
last sermon
4. Travel to a village to throw seven stones at
pillars said to represent Satan
5. Repeat steps 1 and 2

18. The Ka’bah

19. Islamic Law
• Sharia law – system of divine law, belief, or
practice that shapes all life
• Sharia law often results in harsh punishments

20. What does Jihad mean?
• Muslims are required to jihad (which means to
strive hard)
• Some think it means to strive to be a good
Muslim
• Most think it means to kill or subdue non-
believers

21. The Trinity
• The trinity in Islam is
1. The father
2. Jesus
3. Mary
• The trinity in Christianity is
1. The father
2. The son
3. Holy Spirit