The basics fo Islamic beliefs and history

1. Intro to Islam
Tyler Rhudy
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2. “Islam” is an Arabic word which means submit.
centered around submitting to God’s will and plan.

3. The Arabic Word for God is “Allah”
● Allah’s final prophet and messenger was
Muhammad
● Allah’s final word the Qur’an
● One billion Muslims

5. Crossroads
Land and Sea

6. Muhammad
● No Images!!!
● Born in the city of Mecca on the Arabian
peninsula
● born in 570 CE to a powerful tribe
● raised an orphan in his uncle’s house
● He married an older woman, the widow
“Khadijah”
● At 40, he began a series of visions that would
change his life, and change the world

7. Muhammad
● No Images!!!
● Born in the city of Mecca on the Arabian
peninsula
● born in 570 CE to a powerful tribe
● raised an orphan in his uncle’s house
● He married an older woman, the widow
“Khadijah”
● At 40, he began a series of visions that would
change his life, and change the world

8. Muhammad
● The angel Gabriel, (Jibra’il in
Arabic) commanded him, “Recite!”
Twice Muhammad asked, “Recite
what?” After he had asked this
three times, the angel replied:
● “Read! In the name of your Lord
who created: He created man from a
clinging form. Read!”

9. Muhammad
● Muhammad felt “as though the
words were written on his heart.” He
ran down the mountain, but he
heard a voice from the sky:
“Muhammad, you are the
Messenger of God, and I am
Gabriel.”

10. Muhammad
● The messages that he
received warned of divine
judgment and an invitation
to return to the ways of the
earlier prophets, including
Abraham, Moses and
Jesus.

11. Muhammad: Taken to heaven
● Dome of the Rock
● The site's great significance for
Muslims derives from traditions
connecting it to the creation of the
world and the belief that the Night
Journey of Muhammad began from
the rock at the centre of the
structure.

12. Islam
● The Arabic world was
polytheistic at the times, and
the revelations to Muhammad
spoke of the unity and oneness
of the divine being

13. Islam
● First, Muslims were harshly
persecuted
● Forced flight in 622 CE form
Mecca
● Later he would return to
Mecca where many Meccans
embraced Islam, and the
Prophet dedicated the
Ka’bah, which had been a

14. Islam

15. Islam: The Split - Sunni Shi’a
● When Muhammad died he
had not named a successor
to lead the Muslims as they
expanded across Arabia and
into Africa.

16. Shi’a (Kinda royal alignment)
● One faction, the Shi’a, believed
that only individuals directly
descended from the Prophet could
lead the Muslim community
righteously.
● They thought that ‘Ali,
Muhammad’s closest surviving
blood male relative, should be their
next leader.

17. Sunni (my boys)
● The other faction, the Sunnis,
believed that the Prophet’s
successor should be determined by
a consensus of the followers, and so
they successively elected three of
his most trusted companions,
commonly referred to as the Rightly
Guided Caliphs (Abu Bakr, ‘Umar,
and ‘Uthman), as leaders of the
Muslim community; ‘Ali succeeded
them as the fourth caliph.

18. 5 Pillars of Islam
● Profession of Faith (shahada) The
belief that “There is no god but God,
and Muhammad is the Messenger of
God” is central to Islam. Saying this
once, with sincere conviction, is
what makes one a Muslim.

19. 5 Pillars of Islam
● Prayer (salat) Prayers happens at least
5 times a day and specified times. This
can be literally anywhere, as the belief
is that holy space is created where one
is when one prays. These prayers
happen at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon,
sunset, and after dark. Prayer includes
a recitation of the opening chapter
(sura) of the Qur’an, and is sometimes
performed on a small rug or mat used
expressly for this purpose.

20. 5 Pillars of Islam
● Alms (zakat) A fixed percentage of one’s
excess income must be given to the poor
and needy. This can be done in a variety of
ways and for a variety of causes, ranging
from feeding the poor to building a library.
The rate of zakat is generally 2.5 percent of
annual accumulated wealth, including
savings and nonessential property.

21. 5 Pillars of Islam
● Fasting (sawm) Fasting happens
during the daylight hours of the
month of Ramadan. This includes
abstaining from food, drink, and sex.
During Ramadan they share the
hunger and thirst of the needy as a
reminder of the religious duty to help
those less fortunate.

22. 5 Pillars of Islam
● Pilgrimage (hajj) At least once in the
life of each Muslim whose health and
finances permit , one is required to
go to Mecca on hajj. The men then
receive a title of Hajji, and women
Hajja.

24. 1. Beliefs
● The Oneness of God

25. 2. Belief in Angels
● ‘We make no distinctions between
any of His messengers.’ And they
say, ‘We hear and obey. [We seek]
your forgiveness, our Lord, and to
You is the [final] destination.’
(Qur’an 2:285)

26. 3. Divine Revelation
● Muslims believe that while
Muhammad was given the Qur’an by
Jibril, , previous prophets were also
given revelations from God: the
Scrolls to Abraham, the Torah to
Moses, the Psalms to David, and the
Gospel to Jesus.

27. 4. Prophets and Messengers
● Muslims believe the prophets
should be respected but never
worshipped, however. There
are twenty-five prophets
explicitly mentioned in the
Qur’an. These include Adam,
Noah, Abraham, Moses, and
Jesus.

28. 5. Day of Judgement
● a person’s sins can be forgiven for
Original Sin Allah decrees this, and
no one enters Paradise except by
Allah’s mercy.
● Judgment ist t time in which a
person’s deeds will be judged and
they will be sent either to Paradise
(jannah) or to Hell (jahannam).

29. 6. Divine Decree
● Each person will be judged
according to the free choices they
have made.

30. 7. Imamate
● Though the Prophet Muhammad
died, Shi’as do not believe this
means humans were left without a
guide or leadership after his death.
The Imams, a group of individuals
descended from the Prophet
Muhammad’s family, are those
leaders.