The document provides an overview of the chapter objectives and key topics about life during the Civil War. It discusses the roles women played in supporting the war effort through jobs, managing farms, and providing supplies. It also compares how the war had severe negative economic impacts on the South by destroying farmland and infrastructure and causing shortages through the blockade, while the North's economy grew rapidly during the war.

2. Chapter Objectives
Section 4: Life During the Civil War
• Identify the role that women played in the war. 
• Compare how the war affected the economies
of the North and the South.
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3. Why It Matters
The Civil War–a war in which Americans
fought other Americans–transformed the United
States. It shattered the economy
of the South while contributing to the rapid
economic growth of the North and the West.
African Americans gained freedom when
slavery was abolished, but the war left a legacy
of bitterness between North and South that
lasted for generations.

4. The Impact Today
Key events during this era still shape our lives
today. For example: 
• The institution of slavery was abolished. 
• The war established the power of the
federal government over the states.
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5. Guide to Reading
Main Idea
Civilians as well as soldiers had an impact on the
war effort. 
Key Terms
• habeas corpus  • greenback 
• draft  • inflation
• bounty 
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6. Women and the War
• During the war, women took on new
responsibilities, such as becoming teachers,
government workers, and
office or factory workers. 
• Some managed farms. 
• Many worked to help the armies by collecting
and distributing food, clothing, and medicine. 
• Some made ammunition, wove blankets, and
rolled bandages. 
• Many also mourned the loss of the men who
went to war.
(pages 479–481)
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7. Women and the War (cont.)
• Women who stayed home in the North did not
suffer the disruption in their daily lives that the
women in the South did. 
• The blockade caused the South to run out of
almost everything: animal feed, meat, clothing,
medicine, and shelter. 
• The marching armies destroyed the crops and
homes of those that lay in their path.
(pages 479–481)
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8. Women and the War (cont.)
• Some women were spies and disguised
themselves as men to become soldiers. 
- Harriet Tubman spied for the North. 
- Rose O’Neal Greenhow spied for the South, was
caught, convicted of treason, and exiled. 
- Belle Boyd was an informant for the South.
(pages 479–481)
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9. Women and the War (cont.)
• Thousands of women were nurses, although
some men disapproved of women doing men’s
work or tending
to strangers. 
• Women such as Dorothea Dix, Clara Barton,
and Sally Tompkins became well-known for
their work as military nurses.
(pages 479–481)
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10. War and the Economy
• The Southern economy suffered. 
• It did not have industry to provide arms
and ammunition and other necessities. 
• Farmland was ruined by troops, and rail lines
were torn up during the battles. 
• The North’s blockade caused severe shortages
of essential goods. 
• Prices rose because of the scarcity
of goods. 
• Soldiers left their service to return to
help their families. (pages 482–483)
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