Ch 11 Sec 1 "Chinese"
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The Chinese Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD) was a period of prosperity and cultural growth for China. The Ming rebuilt portions of the Great Wall, constructed the Forbidden City in Beijing, and completed the Grand Canal for transporting grain. Admiral Zheng He led naval expeditions that extended Chinese influence throughout Southeast Asia and into the Middle East. However, the Ming Dynasty later declined due to inviting the Manchu people to help defeat rebels, only to have the Manchu seize power and establish the Qing Dynasty as the last imperial dynasty of China.
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Ch. 11 Sec. 1 China's Ming & Manchu Dynasties
The Chinese Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD) enjoyed a period of peace and prosperity under Taizu's rule. The Ming rebuilt portions of the Great Wall, constructed the Forbidden City in Beijing, and completed the Grand Canal for transporting grain. Zheng He led naval expeditions that extended Chinese influence into the Indian Ocean and possibly Iran. However, the Ming Dynasty later declined after inviting the Manchu people into China, who then took over and established the last Qing Dynasty, isolating China and causing it to fall behind technologically.
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Zheng He led seven major voyages from 1405-1433 on behalf of the Ming Dynasty, establishing China as a major power. With fleets of hundreds of ships and tens of thousands of men, Zheng He explored Southeast Asia, India, the Middle East, and East Africa, demonstrating China's advanced nautical technologies and establishing tributary relations. However, after Zheng He's death in 1433, the Ming Dynasty turned inward and banned oceangoing voyages, ceding naval dominance to emerging European powers.
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Ch. 11 Sec. 1 China's Ming & Manchu Dynasties
The Chinese Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD) enjoyed a period of peace and prosperity under Taizu's rule. The Ming rebuilt portions of the Great Wall, constructed the Forbidden City in Beijing, and completed the Grand Canal for transporting grain. Zheng He led naval expeditions that extended Chinese influence into the Indian Ocean and possibly Iran. However, the Ming Dynasty later declined after inviting the Manchu people into China, who then took over and established the last Qing Dynasty, isolating China and causing it to fall behind technologically.
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Classical China developed largely in isolation from other civilizations due to its geographical location. The creation of the Silk Road led to increased trade and cultural exchange between China and regions in the Middle East and Mediterranean. Along the Silk Road, Buddhism and later Islam spread into China. Politically, China was ruled by three major dynasties - the Zhou Dynasty which declined over time, the short-lived but transformative Qin Dynasty, and the long-lasting Han Dynasty which eventually collapsed due to internal issues and foreign invasions. Confucianism and Daoism were the dominant philosophies in classical Chinese society.
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1) Under Tokugawa rule from 1603-1868, Japan was unified and isolated from the West. The Tokugawa shoguns established a feudal system headed by the Shogun and 250 daimyos.
2) Economic and social changes occurred as trade flourished, cities grew, and a merchant class emerged. However, Japanese society remained highly stratified into the four main classes of warriors, peasants, artisans, and merchants.
3) During this period, Japanese literature, theater, architecture, and other cultural developments thrived even as the country remained largely isolated from Western influence.
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The Qin Dynasty unified China for the first time and was led by the First Emperor, Qin Shi Huangdi, who ruled from 221 BCE to 210 BCE. He standardized weights and measures, currency, and Chinese characters. Qin Shi Huangdi also rejected Confucianism in favor of the authoritarian philosophy of Legalism and oversaw large-scale construction projects including linking existing walls to form the first Great Wall of China and building his massive mausoleum guarded by the famous Terracotta Army. However, the Qin Dynasty was short-lived and fell in 206 BCE after Qin Shi Huangdi's death, giving way to the longer-lasting Han Dynasty.
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1) In the early 1800s, China resisted Western influence and trade, but internal problems like famine and opium addiction grew. The Opium Wars weakened China's control.
2) Japan ended its isolation in the 1850s and began modernizing under Emperor Meiji. It industrialized, built railroads, and developed new industries.
3) By defeating China in 1895 and Russia in 1905, Japan gained control over Taiwan, Manchuria, and Korea and became an imperial power in East Asia.
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Ch 11 Sec 1 "Chinese"
- 1. Chinese
- 2. • The Chinese called their land the Middle Kingdom or Central Nation • Did this because they thought they were the center of the world
- 3. Ming Dynasty • Enjoyed peace and prosperity under this dynasty • Founded by Taizu • He was very harsh
- 5. Chengzu • Sponsored many scholarly events
- 7. The Arts • Ming craftsmen perfected porcelain production
- 10. • Increased wealth provided the opportunity for increased literacy and expanded literature.
- 11. • Drama developed into long and complex plays
- 14. Reconstruction • Rebuilt broken portion of the Great Wall of China and added to it
- 17. • Built the Imperial City in what is now Beijing • Also called the Forbidden City
- 26. • Completed the Grand Canal • Could now easily transport grain to the capital
- 29. Exploration • Ming Dynasty sent out over 7 naval expeditions • They were to represent a renewed China and gain control over trade
- 30. Zheng He • The admiral of this navy • His goal was to enhance China’s reputation and bring countries into submission • Extended Chinese influence beyond the Indian Ocean and possibly into Iran
- 34. Decline • Asked the manchu in to help the Ming defeat a group of rebels • They ended up taking over
- 35. MANCHU DYNASTY • The last dynasty of China • The Manchu tried to become Chinese instead of the other way around
- 37. • Manchu tried to keep China from having any contact with the West through trade • This caused them to fall behind in technology and military
Editor's Notes
- Called it Chung Kuo China has existed as the central nation and great power in Asia for 2000 years
- Came about by overthrowing the Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty (foreign rulers)
- Was an absolute ruler..harsh Demanded that his ministers kneel before him … before they could sit or stand Worked to manage every aspect of Chinese society including households Used a secret police to discover who opposed him…they would be public beaten and sometimes died
- Defeated the second emperor in a civil war (he was his uncle) Was also harsh Had a literary collection of over 2000 scholars
- Exported porcelain products on a massive scale and sold around the world Most people refer to porcelain as china
- Blue and white was produced for the royal family alone
- Enamel colors were added, and five-colored enamels became highly prized during 15th century
- Bookstores sold samples of examination that all students had to pass in order to gain government employment Novel and short stories became popular Oral stories were written down and sold
- Started about 700 BC (now we are in 1400s) More than 1100 miles long Various canals were dug and finally connected No longer needed an ocean navy to transport and protect food supplies to the capital
- Were to demonstrate Chinese superiority over countries along the Indian Ocean Also reduced the threat of pirates
- His army and crew numbered almost 30,000 Took gold, silver, porcelain, and silk to foreign rulers…brought back ostriches, camels and giraffes When the navy was reduced, piracy returned
- He and his fleet traveled more than 30,000 miles Zheng died on the 7th voyage and was buried at sea
- The Ming emperors became distracted with matters not related to governing China One emperor spend his life making furniture
- From 1644-1911 Allowed the Chinese to have a say in government Emperor still had absolute power
- Darker orange is Ming Dynasty Lighter orange is Manchu Dynasty