Practical Volume Rendering for realtime applications

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Slides for a talk I gave in October 2013 at Chaos Group's CG2 seminar in Sofia. Brief information about the state of Volume rendering for games and details about the TransVoxel algorithm by Eric Lengyel.

Technology Art & Photos

Practical Volume rendering for realtime applications

Stoyan Nikolov

Who am I

Stoyan Nikolov
stoyan@coherent-labs.com
@stoyannk
Co-Founder & Tech lead @ Coherent Labs

Senior Graphics dev @ Masthead Studios
Senior dev @ Eutelia

Overview

Why use Volume rendering at all?
What is Volume rendering?
Types of Volume rendering techniques
Practical (today) rendering techniques

Why Volume rendering

•

Allows us to see „inside“ an object

•

Medical imaging

•

Industry

•

Biology

Why Volume rendering - Games

Freedom of form

Why Volume rendering - Games

Destructability

EverQuest Next by Sony Online Entertainment

Why Volume rendering - Games

Procedural generation

Volume rendering - Input

Usually discrete volume elements — voxels

Direct rendering in RT
•

•
•
•

Ray-marching distance fields
Gigavoxel
Sparse voxel octrees (SVO)
SVO for Global Illumination
slisesix demo by rgba

Unreal Engine 4 by Epic Games

Indirect rendering for RT
•
•
•

Create a polygon mesh
GPUs are designed for polygons
Other subsystems usually expect polygons

Basic algorithms

Marching cubes / tetrahedra / MC 33

Realtime requirements
•

We want to support very large meshes

•

Level of Detail (LOD) required

•

Difficult with MC

•

Transvoxel designed to solve this

Transvoxel

•

Outline in Eric Lengyel’s PhD thesis

•

Designed for RT applications

•

Originally implemented in C4 Engine

Transvoxel overview

•

Based on MC

Extend equivalence
classes
•

Basic Algorithm
•
•
•
•

Subdivide grid in blocks (once)
Polygonize blocks (once)
Decide blocks to draw and LOD (per-frame)
Draw relevant blocks (per-frame)

The LOD solution
•
•
•

Introduce “transition cells” between levels
Restricted octree for rendering
Identify neighbors and draw correct transitions

Texturing

Per-voxel material Id → Texture Ids
•
Triplanar projection
•
Two sets of textures are blended for
better transitions
•

Parallelism

•

Embarrassingly parallel

•

Relatively easy for GPGPU

•

Parts can be re-computed independently

Dual contouring
•
•

Solves the sharp edges
Works on hermite data sets

VoxelFarm engine by Voxel Farm Inc.

Comparison

•

MC-based algorithms

faster
require less memory
•

Dual algorithms support more geometries

Potential headaches

•

Memory consumption

•

Correct implementations sometimes tricky

•

Texturing

THANK YOU
stoyannk@gmail.com
@stoyannk
stoyannk.wordpress.com

講演者：Jean-François F Fortin(Unity Technologies) こんな人におすすめ・スクリプト可能なレンダーパイプラインを学びたいプログラマー受講者が得られる知見・レンダリングパスを加える方法・バッファを微調整し、自分のデータを加える方法・スクリプト可能なレンダーパイプラインで、シェーダーを作成する方法

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Practical Volume Rendering for realtime applications

2. Practical Volume rendering for realtime applications Stoyan Nikolov

3. VIDEO

4. Who am I Stoyan Nikolov stoyan@coherent-labs.com @stoyannk Co-Founder & Tech lead @ Coherent Labs Senior Graphics dev @ Masthead Studios Senior dev @ Eutelia

5. Overview Why use Volume rendering at all? What is Volume rendering? Types of Volume rendering techniques Practical (today) rendering techniques

6. Why Volume rendering • Allows us to see „inside“ an object • Medical imaging • Industry • Biology

7. Why Volume rendering - Games Freedom of form

8. Why Volume rendering - Games Destructability EverQuest Next by Sony Online Entertainment

9. Why Volume rendering - Games Procedural generation

10. Volume rendering - Input Usually discrete volume elements — voxels

11. Direct rendering in RT • • • • Ray-marching distance fields Gigavoxel Sparse voxel octrees (SVO) SVO for Global Illumination slisesix demo by rgba Unreal Engine 4 by Epic Games

12. Indirect rendering for RT • • • Create a polygon mesh GPUs are designed for polygons Other subsystems usually expect polygons

13. Basic algorithms Marching cubes / tetrahedra / MC 33

14. Realtime requirements • We want to support very large meshes • Level of Detail (LOD) required • Difficult with MC • Transvoxel designed to solve this

15. Transvoxel • Outline in Eric Lengyel’s PhD thesis • Designed for RT applications • Originally implemented in C4 Engine

16. Transvoxel overview • Based on MC Extend equivalence classes •

17. Basic Algorithm • • • • Subdivide grid in blocks (once) Polygonize blocks (once) Decide blocks to draw and LOD (per-frame) Draw relevant blocks (per-frame)

18. The LOD solution • • • Introduce “transition cells” between levels Restricted octree for rendering Identify neighbors and draw correct transitions

19. Transition cells

20. Important detail Surface shifting

21. Texturing Per-voxel material Id → Texture Ids • Triplanar projection • Two sets of textures are blended for better transitions •

22. Parallelism • Embarrassingly parallel • Relatively easy for GPGPU • Parts can be re-computed independently

23. DEMO

24. Dual contouring • • Solves the sharp edges Works on hermite data sets VoxelFarm engine by Voxel Farm Inc.

25. Comparison • MC-based algorithms faster require less memory • Dual algorithms support more geometries

26. Potential headaches • Memory consumption • Correct implementations sometimes tricky • Texturing

27. THANK YOU stoyannk@gmail.com @stoyannk stoyannk.wordpress.com

Practical Volume Rendering for realtime applications

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