For Pediatric Nursing

1. “ Cerebral Palsy”
Duhok Polytechnic University
Technical college for health and Medical Technics /Shekhan
Nursing Department third stage
Subject:Pediatric .
Supervise
d by :
Prepared by :
Khubaib khaeradin
Horya Khalid
Dr. Mahammad Hayder
Doaa Muhammad

2. Introduction & Definition.
Types.
Causes.
Symptoms.
Risk Factor.
Complication.
Diagnosis.
Prevention.
Treatment.
References .
Contents of:

3. Introduction & Definition.
Cerebral palsy (CP) a group of neurological disorders that
appear in infancy or early childhood and permanently affect
body movement and muscle coordination.
CP is caused by damage to or abnormalities inside the
developing brain that disrupt the brain's ability to control
movement and maintain posture and balance.

4. Types of Cerebral Palsy(Cp).
1. Spastic Cerebral Palsy:
The most common type of CP is spastic CP. Spastic CP
affects about 80% of people with CP.
People with spastic CP have increased muscle tone.
This means their muscles are stiff and, as a result,
their movements can be awkward.

5. Types of Cerebral Palsy(Cp).
2. Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy:
People with dyskinetic CP have problems controlling
the movement of their hands, arms, feet, and legs,
making it difficult to sit and walk.
Sometimes the face and tongue are affected and the
person has a hard time sucking, swallowing, and
talking.

6. Types of Cerebral Palsy(Cp).
3. Ataxic Cerebral Palsy:
People with ataxic CP have problems with balance and
coordination. They might be unsteady when they
walk.
4. Mixed Cerebral Palsy:
Some people have symptoms of more than one type of
CP. The most common type of mixed CP is spastic-
dyskinetic CP.

7. Causes.
• Gene changes that
result in genetic
conditions or differences
in brain development.
• Maternal infections
that affect an unborn
baby.
• Infant infections that
cause swelling in or
around the brain.
• Lack of oxygen to the
brain related to a hard
labor or delivery.
• Improper use of
delivery tools such as
vacuum extractors or
forceps.

8. Symptoms.
•Movement and coordination.
•Speech and eating.
•Development.
•Other symptoms.

9. Risk factors.
Prenatal:
Maternal epilepsy
Infections
Severe toxemia
Eclampsia
Perinatal:
Prolonged and
difficult labor
Bradycardia
Hypoxia
Postnatal:
trauma
CNS infections
Head

10. Complication.
1. Contracture of muscle.
2. Malnutrition.
3. Heart and lung disease.
4. Osteoarthritis.
5. Osteoporosis.
6. increase reflexes.
7. Urinary tract infection.

11. Diagnosis.
Diagnosis usually based on clinical presentation:
1. Neurological Examination:
 Muscle Tone. (which is increased muscle Tone)
 Weakness of limbs.
 Pathological or positive Babinski's reflex.
 Abnormal Gait .
2. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

12. Prevention.
 during pregnancy include:
 Routine doctor visits throughout pregnancy.
 Avoiding exposure to infections or viruses, such as
German Measles.
 Getting vaccinated appropriately.
 Avoiding alcohol, cigarettes.
 after birth include:
 Acquired cerebral palsy, often due to head injury, is
preventable using common safety tactics, such as using
car seats for infants and toddlers.
 Never shake a baby.

13. How to approach.
Treatment of Cerebral palsy Involves a multidisciplinary
approach:
 physical therapist.
 Speech and language therapist.
 Occupational therapist.

14. How to approach.
Medication:
 Muscle Relaxants to treat another symptoms .
 Botulinum toxin, injected locally into muscles, has become a
standard treatment for overactive muscles in children with
spastic CP.

15. References .
 https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/cp/causes.html
 https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cerebral-palsy/symptoms-causes/syc
 Ferri FF. Cerebral palsy. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2023. Elsevier; 2023.
https://www.clinicalkey.com.
 https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cosmetic-procedures/non-surgical-cosmetic-procedures/.
 https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8717-cerebral-palsy.
 https://www.cerebralpalsyguide.com/cerebral-palsy/

16. Thanks for listening