The main objective of this presentation is that how to optimize the mill in pet coke grinding and what modification is required when changing from normal coal to pet coke.
The main objective of this presentation is that how to optimize the mill in pet coke grinding and what modification is required when changing from normal coal to pet coke.
Cements Ground in the Vertical Roller Mill Fulfil the Quality Requirements of...LOESCHE
Cement production typically requires the grinding of three separate types of material during the process: the raw materials and coal before the kiln, and the final cement product once firing is complete and the clinker cooled.
A Rotary kiln is a pyroprocessing device used to raise materials to a high temperature (calcination) in a continuous process. Materials produced using rotary kilns include: Cement. Lime.
Hydraulic system vertical roller mill operationlinxiaomo
The hydraulic system of vertical mill is an important system, the main function of the hydraulic system is to break the grinding roller, which is when the internal grinding cavity wear parts wear, can stop open on both sides of the grinding roller mill, to replace the inside parts or repair. This type vertical roller mill including the hydraulic station, connected with the grinding roller cylinder and hydraulic pipe and other components.
Cement industry is one of the major markets for industrial fans. Fans in cement industry are heavy duty and perform two basic functions i.e., supply of air or removal of exhaust gases and material handling. There are many process fans that find applications in cement industry such as raw mill fans, induced draft fans, cooling fans, raw mill exhaust fans, coal mill fans and cooler exhaust fans.
Cements Ground in the Vertical Roller Mill Fulfil the Quality Requirements of...LOESCHE
Cement production typically requires the grinding of three separate types of material during the process: the raw materials and coal before the kiln, and the final cement product once firing is complete and the clinker cooled.
A Rotary kiln is a pyroprocessing device used to raise materials to a high temperature (calcination) in a continuous process. Materials produced using rotary kilns include: Cement. Lime.
Hydraulic system vertical roller mill operationlinxiaomo
The hydraulic system of vertical mill is an important system, the main function of the hydraulic system is to break the grinding roller, which is when the internal grinding cavity wear parts wear, can stop open on both sides of the grinding roller mill, to replace the inside parts or repair. This type vertical roller mill including the hydraulic station, connected with the grinding roller cylinder and hydraulic pipe and other components.
Cement industry is one of the major markets for industrial fans. Fans in cement industry are heavy duty and perform two basic functions i.e., supply of air or removal of exhaust gases and material handling. There are many process fans that find applications in cement industry such as raw mill fans, induced draft fans, cooling fans, raw mill exhaust fans, coal mill fans and cooler exhaust fans.
it is PDF are typed of myself. study triks & short & sweet (Technical manual) Of Diploma in Plastics technology(DPT-DPMT). All machine knowlage in plastics processing.
Er. Naresh Dhaker
(8890881858)
(CIPET JAIPUR)
DESIGN ANALYSIS FOR COMPONENTS OF PNEUMATIC INJECTION MOULDING MACHINE USING ...ijiert bestjournal
Design optimization of any machine aims to reduce failures due to process tolerances. Computer Simulation and Computer designing are used to access the fitness of a design for mass production. Computer Model simulates the behavior of machining parts from geometrical and material parameter of the input parameters to output parameters. The emphasis of this work is on the des ign of machine components of Pneumatic Injection Moulding Machine. In this study the various components of machines are designed using Pro - E.This machine is used to mould Plastic into usable form and shape and most effective for small scale industries wher e small size plastic components are to be manufactured.
MINIATURIZED CYLINDER HEAD PRODUCTION BY RAPID PROTOTYPINGRodrigo Melo
Abstract. This work shows the development of the design and manufacturing of a very small engine, namely its head.
The engine works under the 4-stroke cycle, therefore having a very complex cylinder head, housing the camshaft,
valves and its auxiliaries (seats, guides, springs), spark plug, inlet and exhaust passages and a coolant chamber. The
geometries, both inner and outer are highly intricate which makes the production of such a part a very difficult job. In
addition, when the engine is very small, as it is the case of this engine, all dimensions are miniaturized therefore
making it extremely difficult to design, cast and finish. The cooling chamber, in particular, has a critical inner core
removal problem due to reduced accessibility, imposing casting limitations. The cores place also a problem of air and
gas removal during metal filling and solidification. Rapid prototyping may be the only solution to build the cores, and
may help in the design and manufacturing phases of the casting tools. 3D printing with a plaster based material as a
rapid prototyping technique presents itself as a tool to drastically reduce the design-development-casting process effort
and time cycle. This technique enables the designer to obtain new moulds for castings on the shortest time possible,
following redesign and new casting simulations. This paper illustrates the various tasks involved in the design and
development stages leading to the production of a running prototype of the cylinder head for this small engine.
Environmental solutions in hydropower machinesCPWF Mekong
By Jurgen Schuol, Jason Foust and Daniel Christ
Presented at the Mekong Forum on Water, Food and Energy
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
December 7-9, 2011
Session 2a: Water engineering
Latest Technological Innovation in Grinding With the Vertical Roller MillLOESCHE
Without any doubt, today's grinding plants have to feature highly efficient mills with high efficiency classifiers showing low specific energy consumption and the highest possible mechanical durability.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
ESC Beyond Borders _From EU to You_ InfoPack general.pdf
CEMENT 021500geomolean.ppt
1. Effect of Grinding Systems on Cement
Properties
Radu Geomolean CTL/TT
(former CMS/MPT – Grinding Technology)
2. 2
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Content
Background information
Main grinding systems
Drying in ball mills major process aspect
Compound / Separate grinding
Conclusions
3. 3
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Content
Background information
Main grinding systems
Drying in ball mills major process aspect
Compound / Separate grinding
Conclusions
4. 4
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Background information
The grinding system (including separator type) is
influencing directly the Particle Size Distribution
(PSD)
Strength development
Workability
Drying = one of the main process parameters in
grinding
Effect on the setting behaviour (e.g. because of different
gypsum dehydration)
Insufficient drying capacity indicated by low mill exit
temperature (< 85 [oC]) or too high exit gas dew points
(> 60 [oC]) can lead to cement hydration (use of wet
additives)
5. 5
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Content
Background information
Main grinding systems
Grinding systems
Separators (types, basic principle, influence on PSD)
Drying in ball mills major process aspect
Compound / Separate grinding
Conclusions
6. 6
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Main grinding systems
Separate and combined grinding (with / without external
drying)
Roller press (in circuit with ball mill)
Vertical mill
Ball mill
Horomill
All grinding systems can grind clinker together with
different types of additives: slag, puzzolana, fly ash,
limestone
The use of additives is limited by the main process
aspects: drying, grinding, material transport
8. 8
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Roller Press
Two stage grinding system
Separator
fines
Mill feed bin
(intermediate
product)
Separator
returns
Final Product
RP fresh
feed
Finish grinding
Final Product
RP fresh
feed
Separator
returns
De-agglomerator
There are many
other possible
options (see next slide)
9. 9
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Two stage grinding system: RP + HES* & BM + HES*
20t
Filter
SKS
Filter
VSKS
Klinker Gips
Gös
Vor-
prod.
Tr.
prod.
Staub
Product
Res.
Product
*HES = High Efficiency Separator
10. 10
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
VRM (vertical roller mill) for cement grinding
grinding aid DEG
[t]
[kW]
[t/h]
[mbar]
[°C]
[%] [l/min]
[t/h] [t/h]
[%]
[cm2
/g]
sampler
[%R]
[l/h]
[mbar]
[°C]
[kW] [%]
[°C]
Hot gas
[t]
[t] [%] [%] [bar]
[mbar]
[min-1]
[min-1]
[l/h]
to cement
silo
fresh air
Clinker Gypsum
In blue = process
parameters
11. 11
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Separators - overview
Static separators and
cyclones
No moving parts / fineness
adjustment via mechanical
modification
Dynamic separators
1st Generation
- Counter blades, distributor plate
and internal fan
- fineness control done by
mechanical adjustment or counter
blade speed change
Dynamic separators
2nd Generation
- Features as 1st Gen.
- Internal fan was replaced by
external ones
- Has cyclones
Dynamic separators
3rd Generation
(HES = High
Efficiency Separator)
- Cage rotor instead of counter
blades and distributor plate
- external fan
- fineness control by rotor speed
housing cone
tailings cone
adjusting device
rad.pos.
immersion tube
tailings
feed
fines
adjustable blades
feed
tailings
air
inlet
air+
fines
outlet
inclined plates
baffle plates
12. 12
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Separation in 1st Generation Separator
Basic function:
Material enters the separator (10)
Air stream is generated by internal
fan (9).
Coarse material goes to the walls
because of centrifugal forces,
generated by the distributor plate
and counter blades, slips down at
the grit cone wall and leaves at
the bottom (11).
Fine material is sucked into the
outside chamber (1) and exits at
the bottom of the casing (12).
Product fineness is adjustable
usually by rotational speed of the
plate and counter blades (6+7).
Airflow
13. 13
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Influence on PSD at 1st generation separators
Adaptation of Circulation
Load
Mechanical Modifications
with impact on bypass
and fineness
Reduction / increase of
number or position of
counterblades
Gap between casing
and fan
14. 14
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Separation in 2nd Generation Separator
Basic function:
Material is introduced through
feed spouts (6) and dispersed in
the circulating air by the rotating
distributor plate (4)
Particles fine enough to pass the
rotating counterblades (5) are
conveyed by air to external
cyclones (11) where they are
precipitated and discharged=
product (9)
Coarse particles move downward
to the coarses cone (10)
The air is recirculated to the
separator via fan (13) and air
vanes (12)
15. 15
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Separation in 3rd Generation Separator
Basic function:
Material enters the separator at
the top
Air stream is generated by
external fan.
Material falls down between rotor
and guide vanes. Fines are
sucked in. Coarse particles are
accelerated by rotor and stopped
by guide vanes, where they slip
down and leave the casing at the
bottom.
Fine material exits with airflow at
the lower/upper part of the casing
Product fineness is adjustable by
the rotational speed of rotor.
Source: Chr. Pfeiffer QDK Separator
Feed
Air
Turning cage rotor
Centrifugal Forces
Returns Air with fines
Air
Guide vanes
Feed
Air
Turning cage rotor
Centrifugal Forces
Returns Air with fines
Air
Guide vanes
16. 16
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Influence of airflow on the PSD at 2nd and 3rd Generation
Separators
Airflow wider PSD and Blaine
Airflow narrower PSD and Blaine
separation chamber
tailings cone
air vanes
distributor plate
counterblades
feed spout
gearbox
motor
return air duct
dust collecting
fan
air duct to fan
cyclones
tailings outlet
fines outlet
pipe to filter
8 7
14
11
6
11
5
1
9
2
9
10
3
4
13
15
1
15
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
ROTOR TYPE SEPARATOR, MAKES
Feed
Air outlet
+ fines
Coarses
Distrbutor
Guide vanes
Rotor
Drive
Air inlet
(3 Levels)
Sealing
Air inlet
SEPOL
Airflow
17. 17
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
How to influence the PSD in 2nd and 3rd gen. separators
Influence of SEPARATOR LOAD ( keeping the same Blaine)
Separator load higher steepness of PSD (narrower)
“ higher reject rate case”
Separator load lower steepness of PSD (wider)
“ lower reject rate case”
Note: Far too low (Circulation Load < 1.3) or too high
separator loads (Circulation Load > 5) can
significantly reduce the mill performance and/or
the separator efficiency (loss of production)
18. 18
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Content
Background information
Main grinding systems
Drying in ball mills major process aspect
Compound / Separate grinding
Conclusions
19. 19
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Drying in Ball Mill - Bottlenecks
Fresh air
Fresh air
Moist additive
Hot clinker
Hot gas
H2O
Product
Air
Dust ladden air
H2O
Hot air
70
80
90
100
110
120
Product
temp. [°C]
Mill length
grinding
heat
water
evaporation
Cooling by
water injection
Finish
Product
Mill
exhaust
air
< 300 °C
> 100 °C
Recirculating air
Drying
Compartment?
Ball Mills as limited in drying capacity. An EDM can
dry max. 4% feed moisture even having a HGG!
20. 20
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
How to improve drying?
For low quantities (< 10%) of moist additive:
Use of hot clinker
Decrease of mill ventilation
If single pass separator is installed, reduction of fresh
airflow to minimum (maximize recirculation gas amount if
possible)
For high quantities of (or pure) moist additive:
External drying or compound drying/grinding (moist
additives) using:
- Kiln or cooler gases
- Hot gas generator (HGG)
21. 21
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Content
Background information
Main grinding systems
Drying in ball mills major process aspect
Compound / Separate grinding
PSD in both cases
Common set-ups
Quality impacts of compound grinding systems
Advantages / Disadvantages
Conclusions
22. 22
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
PSD in Compound Grinding
Compound grinding of
materials with different
grindabilities is affecting
the product PSD
CC01-005.dsf Kma 06.06.00
[%R]
acc.
[cm2/g]
Blaine
mill length [m]
longitudinal sieving graph
GA
[g/t]
°C
[m3/h]
[%]
[kW]
[t/h]
[%R,cm2/g]
[°C]
[°C]
[mbar]
[m3/h]
separator tailings
[t/h]
[°C]
[%R]
Fresh feed
[t/h]
[%H2O]
[°C]
[% comp.]
acc.
[mm]
[m]
particle size
1 10 25 50
Blaine: Some of the
components achieve the
necessary fineness
faster inside the mill
(could be pozzolana,
limestone, fly ash)
Waste of energy
Low flexibility in terms
of influencing the PSD
Cumulated
residues
23. 23
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
PSD in Separate Grinding
%R
Fineness
hard
soft
In separate grinding is possible to
manipulate this zone!
24. 24
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Possible Systems Compound Grinding
Note: Slag and Limestone are usually added to feed
25. 25
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Common Systems for Separate Grinding
Clinker Gypsum
Min.
Comp.
[l/h]
[kW]
[l/h]
[t/h]
[°C]
[mbar] [°C]
[t/h] [t/h] [t/h]
[t/h] [t/h] [t/h]
[%]
[%]
[%]
[%]
[%]
[%]
[t] [t] [t]
[°C]
[l/h]
Grinding
aid
[1/min]
[°C]
[kW]
[mbar]
[°C]
[mbar]
[kW]
[mbar]
[°C]
[1/min]
[°C]
[°C]
[°C]
[1/min]
[m3/h] [mg/m3]
Sollwerte
Prozesswerte
[t/h]
[t/h]
[1/min]
[°C]
Product
grinding aid DEG
[t]
[kW]
[t/h]
[mbar]
[°C]
[%] [l/min]
[t/h] [t/h]
[%]
[cm2
/g]
sampler
[%R]
[l/h]
[mbar]
[°C]
[kW] [%]
[°C]
Hot gas
[t]
[t] [%] [%] [bar]
[mbar]
[min-1]
[min-1]
[l/h]
to cement
silo
fresh air
Clinker Gypsum
VRM for
cement & slag
grinding
BM for cement
grinding
26. 26
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Example of blending facility (IBAU)
3
4
1
2
Product
Batch
mixer
27. 27
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Quality Impacts of Compound Grinding BM
Problem Solution
Partly hydration of additive (slag);
loss of strength
Influence on sulphate due to humid
atmosphere in mill
Separate drying
Installation of hot gas generator and
drying chamber
Avoid dew point > 60 [°C]
PSD not optimum
‘Steepness’ (n) of PSD too high/low
Change of circulation load*
Too low n’: increase circ. load
Too high n’: decrease circ. load
New Separator?
Strength development insufficient
Workability not acceptable
Setting behaviour does not meet
requirements
Adapt mill exit temperature if related
to gypsum
*Only in certain range possible
28. 28
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Quality Impacts of Compound Grinding VRM
Problem Solution
Partly hydration of additive (slag);
loss of strength
Influence on Sulfate due to humid
atmosphere in mill
Increase fresh air (if possible)
Avoid dew point > 60 [oC]
Install Hot gas Generator
Particle Size Distribution (PSD) not
optimum
‘Steepness’ of PSD too high/low
Change of
Air Flow
Roller Pressure
Bed depth
Separator
Strength development insufficient
Workability not acceptable
Setting behaviour does not meet
requirements
Adapt mill exit temperature if related
to gypsum
29. 29
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Summary and Comparison of grinding processes
- - Very bad
++ Very good
Comparison for compound grinding
Drying Control of achievable
potential PSD fineness
Roller press circuit 0 0 ++
Roller press circuit with hot gas + 0 ++
Horomill - ? ?
Horomill with hot gas + ? ?
Ball Mill + - ++
Ball Mill with hot gas ++ - ++
Vertical mill 0 ++ +
Vertical mill with hot gas +++ ++ +
0
0
0
++
++
30. 30
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Advantages / Disadvantages of separate grinding
Advantages
Optimum PSD of additive in
cement
Various Cement designs
possible
High flexibility on market
demands
Lower specific energy
consumption
Lower clinker factor possible
Disadvantages
Blending facilities necessary
Usually drying installation
required
More silos (Multi chamber silo)
necessary
31. 31
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Content
Background information
Main grinding systems
Drying in ball mills major process aspect
Compound / Separate grinding
Conclusions
32. 32
GEO-November 08
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications 2008
Conclusions
In BM circuits the possibilities of influencing the PSD are
limited and very much depending on the separator type
The Vertical Roller mill is well suited for compound or
separate grinding
high flexibility for modifying cement properties
high drying capacity
Too low mill exit temperatures (< 85 [oC]) or dew point >
60 [oC] during compound grinding (e.g. caused by wet
slag) can lead to process and quality problems
Separate grinding gives more flexibility in product
design, product optimisation and reaction on quality
variations of clinker or additive