This document provides an overview of product portfolio management for cement applications. It discusses key concepts like understanding customer requirements, analyzing the product range and technical services, and identifying opportunities to optimize the portfolio. The goal is to define the optimal product range and support initiatives to ensure successful implementation. It also reviews plant constraints and fly ash availability that must be considered for product decisions.
This document discusses product initiatives at Holcim to maximize their financial contribution. It covers how initiatives can increase price, reduce costs, and increase sales volume to contribute to financial targets. It also discusses prioritizing initiatives based on their impact and ease of implementation, as well as considering related capital expenditures. The overall aim is to understand how product initiatives can best support Holcim's financial goals.
This document summarizes construction techniques and trends, including both conventional and advanced methods. It discusses key factors like cost, time, and quality for construction projects. Conventional techniques include poured foundations and walls/columns that require early concrete strength for formwork removal. Precast and accelerated construction using slipforms and jump molds are presented as advanced techniques that reduce construction time at higher cost. Overall the document aims to optimize construction processes through cement and concrete performance.
This document outlines the Course for Cement Applications (CCA) held by Holcim Group Support Ltd. The CCA is a training course that aims to: 1) transfer fundamental knowledge on cements and their applications; 2) help participants provide innovative solutions to customers; and 3) support the use of composite cements. The course content over two weeks includes topics like cement characteristics, product design, concrete properties, admixtures, and technical service. It involves lectures, practical work, and group presentations to enhance participants' cement and concrete knowledge and support Holcim's business goals.
This document discusses high performance concrete (HPC). It defines HPC as concrete with high early and late strength, high modulus of elasticity and low creep, high workability, low permeability, and resistance to sulfate, chloride, frost and chemicals. The document outlines how to achieve HPC through low water-to-cement ratios, use of mineral admixtures, proper aggregate selection and mix design. It also discusses fields of application for HPC such as high-rise buildings, bridges, underground structures, and prefabrication where HPC properties provide benefits.
This document summarizes the key learnings from a Holcim Group support course on cement applications in 2008. It covers: 1) the importance of understanding the value chain and customer needs; 2) challenges and opportunities for reducing CO2 emissions and developing sustainable products; 3) understanding the cement manufacturing process and how it influences cement properties; and 4) how the constituents and hydration of cement impact the fresh and hardened properties of cement paste and ultimately the performance of concrete.
The document summarizes key learnings from a Holcim Group support course on cement applications. It covers fundamentals of concrete including the role of aggregates and water, concrete mix design, optimization of mixes, road binders and soil stabilization, current concrete technology trends, and the role of aggregates and ready-mix concrete in the Holcim Group.
This document discusses cement constituents and how they contribute to cement performance. It identifies the key constituents as Portland cement clinker, gypsum or other set regulators, and mineral components like latent hydraulic materials, pozzolanic materials, or inert fillers. The document emphasizes that clinker properties are the main determinant of early cement strength, while mineral components can influence later strength development and final properties. It provides information on how different mineral components like slag, fly ash, and pozzolans hydrate and contribute to cement hydration.
This document discusses Holcim's value chain concept and focuses on commercial strategy. It notes external challenges like new competition and changing customer demands. Internally, it identifies issues like marketing skills and responsiveness. The value chain concept maps all elements from raw materials to end users and construction sectors. It stresses understanding demand dynamics and occupying channels. Workshops identified topics like retail concepts, industrial client strategies, and public-private partnership roles. The goal is to develop commercial strategies to help achieve Holcim's financial targets through 2012, including EBITDA margin and availability goals.
This document discusses product initiatives at Holcim to maximize their financial contribution. It covers how initiatives can increase price, reduce costs, and increase sales volume to contribute to financial targets. It also discusses prioritizing initiatives based on their impact and ease of implementation, as well as considering related capital expenditures. The overall aim is to understand how product initiatives can best support Holcim's financial goals.
This document summarizes construction techniques and trends, including both conventional and advanced methods. It discusses key factors like cost, time, and quality for construction projects. Conventional techniques include poured foundations and walls/columns that require early concrete strength for formwork removal. Precast and accelerated construction using slipforms and jump molds are presented as advanced techniques that reduce construction time at higher cost. Overall the document aims to optimize construction processes through cement and concrete performance.
This document outlines the Course for Cement Applications (CCA) held by Holcim Group Support Ltd. The CCA is a training course that aims to: 1) transfer fundamental knowledge on cements and their applications; 2) help participants provide innovative solutions to customers; and 3) support the use of composite cements. The course content over two weeks includes topics like cement characteristics, product design, concrete properties, admixtures, and technical service. It involves lectures, practical work, and group presentations to enhance participants' cement and concrete knowledge and support Holcim's business goals.
This document discusses high performance concrete (HPC). It defines HPC as concrete with high early and late strength, high modulus of elasticity and low creep, high workability, low permeability, and resistance to sulfate, chloride, frost and chemicals. The document outlines how to achieve HPC through low water-to-cement ratios, use of mineral admixtures, proper aggregate selection and mix design. It also discusses fields of application for HPC such as high-rise buildings, bridges, underground structures, and prefabrication where HPC properties provide benefits.
This document summarizes the key learnings from a Holcim Group support course on cement applications in 2008. It covers: 1) the importance of understanding the value chain and customer needs; 2) challenges and opportunities for reducing CO2 emissions and developing sustainable products; 3) understanding the cement manufacturing process and how it influences cement properties; and 4) how the constituents and hydration of cement impact the fresh and hardened properties of cement paste and ultimately the performance of concrete.
The document summarizes key learnings from a Holcim Group support course on cement applications. It covers fundamentals of concrete including the role of aggregates and water, concrete mix design, optimization of mixes, road binders and soil stabilization, current concrete technology trends, and the role of aggregates and ready-mix concrete in the Holcim Group.
This document discusses cement constituents and how they contribute to cement performance. It identifies the key constituents as Portland cement clinker, gypsum or other set regulators, and mineral components like latent hydraulic materials, pozzolanic materials, or inert fillers. The document emphasizes that clinker properties are the main determinant of early cement strength, while mineral components can influence later strength development and final properties. It provides information on how different mineral components like slag, fly ash, and pozzolans hydrate and contribute to cement hydration.
This document discusses Holcim's value chain concept and focuses on commercial strategy. It notes external challenges like new competition and changing customer demands. Internally, it identifies issues like marketing skills and responsiveness. The value chain concept maps all elements from raw materials to end users and construction sectors. It stresses understanding demand dynamics and occupying channels. Workshops identified topics like retail concepts, industrial client strategies, and public-private partnership roles. The goal is to develop commercial strategies to help achieve Holcim's financial targets through 2012, including EBITDA margin and availability goals.
This document discusses the use of composites in automotive applications. It outlines several key benefits of composites including weight reduction, reduced CO2 emissions, corrosion resistance, and high strength-to-weight ratios. It then provides details on various composite manufacturing techniques for automobiles like sheet molding compound, resin transfer molding, and reinforced thermoforming. These techniques allow for reduced cycle times and improved part complexity. The document also discusses the use of finite element analysis to optimize composite part design. Overall, the document presents an overview of composite materials and manufacturing processes with the goal of informing automotive composite production.
Dinesh Babu J is seeking a position that allows him to utilize his 8 years of experience in project management, production planning, quality control, and supplier development. He has a background in plastic injection molding and extensive technical skills including tool design, cost reduction, process improvement, and ISO/TS 16949 auditing. His objective is to join an organization where he can continue developing his knowledge and skills according to industry trends.
Case study-sourcing of plastic injection in chinaJohn William
This presentation is representing the sourcing activities on plastic injection in China. To get more details visit: http://www.dragonsourcing.com/china-sourcing-company/
Presentations delivered at a statewide technical committee on June 3, 2020 hosted by the California Asphalt Pavement Association. The presentations covered new Caltrans test methods and a presentation by the FHWA on asphalt pavement forensic studies.
Penso Consulting is an engineering company specializing in composite materials and lightweight vehicle design. They offer consulting, composite technologies, and special operations services. Their technologies allow for optimized composite part and system design, advanced manufacturing processes like hot compression molding and resin transfer molding, and the development of tools and facilities for high volume composite production. Penso has grown rapidly in recent years through work with clients in automotive, rail, and aerospace.
Larry Hernandez with Caltrans provides the department's perspective on in-place recycling in a presentation delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
1) Scott Wilson Group plc is a global integrated design and engineering consultancy with over 6,000 employees worldwide.
2) Research Consultancy & Specialised Surveys (RCSS) offers pavement engineering, materials testing, highway asset management, and other specialized services.
3) RCSS has over 180 staff with advanced degrees and provides innovative solutions using new testing methods and whole-life modeling of pavements.
Challenges in Automotive Quality StandardsTimothy Wooi
The document provides an overview of challenges in automotive quality standards and the requirements of IATF 16949. It discusses the evolution of quality management and the automotive industry. Key points include the transition from ISO/TS 16949 to IATF 16949, the six key changes in IATF 16949 including risk-based thinking and specific customer requirements, and tips for getting started with IATF 16949 certification. The presentation aims to help participants better understand quality standards for the automotive industry.
1. BALINIT® Diamond coatings are used in a wide range of applications including graphite molds, composites, aerospace, automotive, and more due to their extreme hardness and wear resistance.
2. Two types of BALINIT® Diamond coatings are offered: Classic, which has a crystalline structure and is best for graphite machining, and Plus, which has a nanocrystalline structure and is well-suited for composites like carbon fiber reinforced plastics.
3. Oerlikon Balzers in Luxembourg is a world-leading center of competence for BALINIT® Diamond and ta-C coatings, accredited to meet the stringent quality standards of the aerospace industry
BALINIT® Diamond coatings provide excellent wear resistance and are used in a variety of applications ranging from machining graphite molds to composites and carbon fiber reinforced plastics. The coating is available in two technologies: BALINIT® Diamond Classic, which has a crystalline structure and is well-suited for graphite machining, and BALINIT® Diamond Plus, which has a nanocrystalline structure and precision suitable for composites and carbon fiber reinforced plastics machining. Oerlikon Balzers in Luxembourg is the center of competence for BALINIT® Diamond coatings and is NADCAP accredited.
Technology Transfer Impact on SMME Development - Perspectives from a Small/Mi...SATN
Mr Alphons Du Toit’s (Director, Technimark, South Africa) presentation at the SATN Annual Conference 2009.
Theme: “Technological innovation at Universities in South Africa: towards industrial and socio-economic development”
16 - 17 July 2009
Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Bellville Campus.
Global nuclear industry leader.The company is also one of the world leaders in renewable energies: Wind, solar, bioenergies, hydrogen and storage
Commercial presence in more than 100 countries with a total of around 50,000 employees worldwide.
Identify list of potential current and new potential suppliers based in China to include in the RFI/RFP process by leveraging, current Dragon Sourcing suppliers database, the web, external databases and various networks of experts.
A new sewage system with best value procurement van de rijt & van den hoogen ...Jeroen Van de Rijt
he adoption rate of the BVP/PIPS or the Best Value approach (Kashiwagi 2010) has been rather high in the Netherlands (van de Rijt & Santema 2012). One of the largest industrial companies in the Netherlands, Tata Steel in IJmuiden (part of Tata Steel Group) has applied the principles of BVP/PIPS to select a vendor for a sewer renovation. BVP/PIPS is a procurement method that aims to select the most suitable vendor for the job, to spur this vendor on to highest performance, and to reduce the client’s management and control tasks. The case shows that a different way of procuring by the client leads to different behavior of the vendor and to a higher performance of the vendor and less risk.
CAB Automotive is a privately owned company established in 2005 that manufactures automotive interior trim and seating assemblies. It has 145,000 square foot facilities located in Tipton, UK with 36 staff employees and 140 direct and indirect hourly paid employees. CAB offers a wide range of interior automotive products and processes, including cutting, sewing, trimming, and assembly automation. It has developed quality management systems and testing capabilities to meet ISO/TS 16949 standards and customer expectations.
The document provides an overview of developments in construction project management in the United Kingdom from 1995 to 2005. It discusses several key reports during this period that aimed to improve efficiency and effectiveness in the industry, including the Latham Report of 1994, Egan Report of 1998, and National Audit Office report of 2001. It also outlines new procurement principles and commercial arrangements that emerged, such as early supplier involvement, collaborative contracts, long-term relationships, and supply chain management.
2015 deep research report on global paste pvc resin industryResearch Hub
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the global paste PVC resin industry in 2015. It covers industry overview, market size and segmentation, key manufacturers, production costs and capacity, and forecasts production and demand from 2016-2021. The report analyzes the paste PVC resin markets in major regions including North America, Europe, and China, and profiles the 27 leading global manufacturers. It also examines industry chain structure, manufacturing processes, marketing channels, and supply chain relationships.
Challenges and solution in Ready-Mixed Concrete(RMC) Industry/CONSTRUCTION/BU...VedantKotadiya
Challenges Facing the Concrete Industry
There are still a number of challenges facing the Concrete Industry. From a political and social viewpoint, improving the sustainability of concrete construction has to be the first challenge, not because concrete solutions are poor when compared with alternatives, but due to the volume needed for the modern economy. To get a fair comparison of alternatives, sustainability has to be at the level of the structure and include all three pillars of sustainability. Finding a system for combining the different indicators is essential if sustainability is to be assessed correctly and in a holistic and comparative way.
Ready Mix Concrete enables fast, good quality and reliable construction. Wastages and pilferages at sites are eliminated. Time taken in finishing the day concreting is reduced by 40 to 70 percent. Labour is reduced at the site. Ready Mix Concrete creates an ecosystem for site handling to become more convenient, eco-friendly and efficient. The cost comparisons lead to skewed results when the material cost of site concrete is directly compared with the delivered price of Ready Mix Concrete. However, after incorporating the economies achieved from the material, labor and time savings as well as a reduction in failures and corrective actions, it is easy to conclude that Ready Mix Concrete provides an economically viable alternative to all construction requirements. Apart from the short-term economics, buildings and infrastructure costs are substantially reduced when a superior and durable Ready Mix Concrete is used to reduce the overall lifecycle cost of construction. It should also be appreciated that the production of concrete needs to be done reliably and sustainably. This can be done when production facilities are equipped with a certified environment, health, and safety-related controls. The use of concrete from unorganized plants without QCI or BIS certification may appear cheaper but will be detrimental to the construction industry.
This document provides specifications and guidelines for self-compacting concrete (SCC). It defines requirements for constituent materials, mix composition, production, and quality control of SCC. The document aims to provide a framework for designing and using high quality SCC based on research and field experience. It recognizes that SCC technology is still evolving and specifications may need future modification. Feedback is invited to further improve the guidelines.
The document discusses two fly ash samples from different coal sources that will be evaluated for their performance in cement. Fly ash properties are influenced by the coal type and boiler conditions. Key performance indicators for good fly ashes include high fineness, low carbon content, and high concentrations of reactive silica and calcium. The second sample, from hard coal, is identified as performing better because it has a higher concentration of reactive silica, lower carbon content, and finer particle size distribution despite a lower bulk density. These factors indicate it will have higher reactivity and better pozzolanic performance in cement.
1. The document discusses various types of concrete deterioration including acidic water, carbonation, chloride-induced corrosion, sulfate attack, and alkali–aggregate reaction (AAR). It provides the mechanisms and recommendations for preventing each type.
2. Carbonation occurs via the reaction of calcium hydroxide in cement paste with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, lowering the pH and favoring reinforcement corrosion. Factors like humidity, temperature, and CO2 concentration affect carbonation.
3. Sulfate attack can be external, causing ettringite or thaumasite, or internal, causing secondary gypsum or delayed ettringite formation. Recommendations include low water-cement ratio concrete and use
This document discusses the use of composites in automotive applications. It outlines several key benefits of composites including weight reduction, reduced CO2 emissions, corrosion resistance, and high strength-to-weight ratios. It then provides details on various composite manufacturing techniques for automobiles like sheet molding compound, resin transfer molding, and reinforced thermoforming. These techniques allow for reduced cycle times and improved part complexity. The document also discusses the use of finite element analysis to optimize composite part design. Overall, the document presents an overview of composite materials and manufacturing processes with the goal of informing automotive composite production.
Dinesh Babu J is seeking a position that allows him to utilize his 8 years of experience in project management, production planning, quality control, and supplier development. He has a background in plastic injection molding and extensive technical skills including tool design, cost reduction, process improvement, and ISO/TS 16949 auditing. His objective is to join an organization where he can continue developing his knowledge and skills according to industry trends.
Case study-sourcing of plastic injection in chinaJohn William
This presentation is representing the sourcing activities on plastic injection in China. To get more details visit: http://www.dragonsourcing.com/china-sourcing-company/
Presentations delivered at a statewide technical committee on June 3, 2020 hosted by the California Asphalt Pavement Association. The presentations covered new Caltrans test methods and a presentation by the FHWA on asphalt pavement forensic studies.
Penso Consulting is an engineering company specializing in composite materials and lightweight vehicle design. They offer consulting, composite technologies, and special operations services. Their technologies allow for optimized composite part and system design, advanced manufacturing processes like hot compression molding and resin transfer molding, and the development of tools and facilities for high volume composite production. Penso has grown rapidly in recent years through work with clients in automotive, rail, and aerospace.
Larry Hernandez with Caltrans provides the department's perspective on in-place recycling in a presentation delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
1) Scott Wilson Group plc is a global integrated design and engineering consultancy with over 6,000 employees worldwide.
2) Research Consultancy & Specialised Surveys (RCSS) offers pavement engineering, materials testing, highway asset management, and other specialized services.
3) RCSS has over 180 staff with advanced degrees and provides innovative solutions using new testing methods and whole-life modeling of pavements.
Challenges in Automotive Quality StandardsTimothy Wooi
The document provides an overview of challenges in automotive quality standards and the requirements of IATF 16949. It discusses the evolution of quality management and the automotive industry. Key points include the transition from ISO/TS 16949 to IATF 16949, the six key changes in IATF 16949 including risk-based thinking and specific customer requirements, and tips for getting started with IATF 16949 certification. The presentation aims to help participants better understand quality standards for the automotive industry.
1. BALINIT® Diamond coatings are used in a wide range of applications including graphite molds, composites, aerospace, automotive, and more due to their extreme hardness and wear resistance.
2. Two types of BALINIT® Diamond coatings are offered: Classic, which has a crystalline structure and is best for graphite machining, and Plus, which has a nanocrystalline structure and is well-suited for composites like carbon fiber reinforced plastics.
3. Oerlikon Balzers in Luxembourg is a world-leading center of competence for BALINIT® Diamond and ta-C coatings, accredited to meet the stringent quality standards of the aerospace industry
BALINIT® Diamond coatings provide excellent wear resistance and are used in a variety of applications ranging from machining graphite molds to composites and carbon fiber reinforced plastics. The coating is available in two technologies: BALINIT® Diamond Classic, which has a crystalline structure and is well-suited for graphite machining, and BALINIT® Diamond Plus, which has a nanocrystalline structure and precision suitable for composites and carbon fiber reinforced plastics machining. Oerlikon Balzers in Luxembourg is the center of competence for BALINIT® Diamond coatings and is NADCAP accredited.
Technology Transfer Impact on SMME Development - Perspectives from a Small/Mi...SATN
Mr Alphons Du Toit’s (Director, Technimark, South Africa) presentation at the SATN Annual Conference 2009.
Theme: “Technological innovation at Universities in South Africa: towards industrial and socio-economic development”
16 - 17 July 2009
Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Bellville Campus.
Global nuclear industry leader.The company is also one of the world leaders in renewable energies: Wind, solar, bioenergies, hydrogen and storage
Commercial presence in more than 100 countries with a total of around 50,000 employees worldwide.
Identify list of potential current and new potential suppliers based in China to include in the RFI/RFP process by leveraging, current Dragon Sourcing suppliers database, the web, external databases and various networks of experts.
A new sewage system with best value procurement van de rijt & van den hoogen ...Jeroen Van de Rijt
he adoption rate of the BVP/PIPS or the Best Value approach (Kashiwagi 2010) has been rather high in the Netherlands (van de Rijt & Santema 2012). One of the largest industrial companies in the Netherlands, Tata Steel in IJmuiden (part of Tata Steel Group) has applied the principles of BVP/PIPS to select a vendor for a sewer renovation. BVP/PIPS is a procurement method that aims to select the most suitable vendor for the job, to spur this vendor on to highest performance, and to reduce the client’s management and control tasks. The case shows that a different way of procuring by the client leads to different behavior of the vendor and to a higher performance of the vendor and less risk.
CAB Automotive is a privately owned company established in 2005 that manufactures automotive interior trim and seating assemblies. It has 145,000 square foot facilities located in Tipton, UK with 36 staff employees and 140 direct and indirect hourly paid employees. CAB offers a wide range of interior automotive products and processes, including cutting, sewing, trimming, and assembly automation. It has developed quality management systems and testing capabilities to meet ISO/TS 16949 standards and customer expectations.
The document provides an overview of developments in construction project management in the United Kingdom from 1995 to 2005. It discusses several key reports during this period that aimed to improve efficiency and effectiveness in the industry, including the Latham Report of 1994, Egan Report of 1998, and National Audit Office report of 2001. It also outlines new procurement principles and commercial arrangements that emerged, such as early supplier involvement, collaborative contracts, long-term relationships, and supply chain management.
2015 deep research report on global paste pvc resin industryResearch Hub
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the global paste PVC resin industry in 2015. It covers industry overview, market size and segmentation, key manufacturers, production costs and capacity, and forecasts production and demand from 2016-2021. The report analyzes the paste PVC resin markets in major regions including North America, Europe, and China, and profiles the 27 leading global manufacturers. It also examines industry chain structure, manufacturing processes, marketing channels, and supply chain relationships.
Challenges and solution in Ready-Mixed Concrete(RMC) Industry/CONSTRUCTION/BU...VedantKotadiya
Challenges Facing the Concrete Industry
There are still a number of challenges facing the Concrete Industry. From a political and social viewpoint, improving the sustainability of concrete construction has to be the first challenge, not because concrete solutions are poor when compared with alternatives, but due to the volume needed for the modern economy. To get a fair comparison of alternatives, sustainability has to be at the level of the structure and include all three pillars of sustainability. Finding a system for combining the different indicators is essential if sustainability is to be assessed correctly and in a holistic and comparative way.
Ready Mix Concrete enables fast, good quality and reliable construction. Wastages and pilferages at sites are eliminated. Time taken in finishing the day concreting is reduced by 40 to 70 percent. Labour is reduced at the site. Ready Mix Concrete creates an ecosystem for site handling to become more convenient, eco-friendly and efficient. The cost comparisons lead to skewed results when the material cost of site concrete is directly compared with the delivered price of Ready Mix Concrete. However, after incorporating the economies achieved from the material, labor and time savings as well as a reduction in failures and corrective actions, it is easy to conclude that Ready Mix Concrete provides an economically viable alternative to all construction requirements. Apart from the short-term economics, buildings and infrastructure costs are substantially reduced when a superior and durable Ready Mix Concrete is used to reduce the overall lifecycle cost of construction. It should also be appreciated that the production of concrete needs to be done reliably and sustainably. This can be done when production facilities are equipped with a certified environment, health, and safety-related controls. The use of concrete from unorganized plants without QCI or BIS certification may appear cheaper but will be detrimental to the construction industry.
This document provides specifications and guidelines for self-compacting concrete (SCC). It defines requirements for constituent materials, mix composition, production, and quality control of SCC. The document aims to provide a framework for designing and using high quality SCC based on research and field experience. It recognizes that SCC technology is still evolving and specifications may need future modification. Feedback is invited to further improve the guidelines.
The document discusses two fly ash samples from different coal sources that will be evaluated for their performance in cement. Fly ash properties are influenced by the coal type and boiler conditions. Key performance indicators for good fly ashes include high fineness, low carbon content, and high concentrations of reactive silica and calcium. The second sample, from hard coal, is identified as performing better because it has a higher concentration of reactive silica, lower carbon content, and finer particle size distribution despite a lower bulk density. These factors indicate it will have higher reactivity and better pozzolanic performance in cement.
1. The document discusses various types of concrete deterioration including acidic water, carbonation, chloride-induced corrosion, sulfate attack, and alkali–aggregate reaction (AAR). It provides the mechanisms and recommendations for preventing each type.
2. Carbonation occurs via the reaction of calcium hydroxide in cement paste with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, lowering the pH and favoring reinforcement corrosion. Factors like humidity, temperature, and CO2 concentration affect carbonation.
3. Sulfate attack can be external, causing ettringite or thaumasite, or internal, causing secondary gypsum or delayed ettringite formation. Recommendations include low water-cement ratio concrete and use
The laboratory work involved testing the Holcim Cone tool concept, cement and superplasticizer compatibility, and self-compacting concrete. Two groups tested the water demand of cements using the Holcim Cone and evaluated cement and admixture compatibility. The groups also produced self-compacting concrete using powder and viscosity-enhancing admixture approaches, and tested the concrete's flow, passing ability, and segregation resistance.
The document discusses different cement grinding systems and their effects on cement properties. It describes various grinding systems including ball mills, vertical mills, and roller presses. It explains how the grinding system and separator type influence particle size distribution, which impacts strength development and workability. Drying capacity is also an important process aspect, as insufficient drying can lead to cement hydration issues. The document compares compound and separate grinding, noting that compound grinding of materials with different grindabilities can affect the particle size distribution achieved.
This document discusses concrete shrinkage, including:
- Shrinkage cracking can significantly impact the durability and service life of concrete structures.
- Concrete shrinks due to moisture loss from the pore structure through drying or self-desiccation, as well as temperature changes during curing.
- The main types of shrinkage are plastic, autogenous, drying, and thermal shrinkage. Proper mix design and curing can help minimize shrinkage cracking.
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of concrete, including:
- Concrete is an artificial rock made mainly of cement, aggregates, water, and sometimes admixtures.
- Fresh concrete is a suspension where aggregates are separated by cement paste. The flowability of fresh concrete depends on thickness and viscosity of cement paste.
- Hardened concrete is a composite material where aggregates are bonded together by the hardened cement paste matrix. The microstructure and properties of hardened concrete such as strength, permeability, and shrinkage depend on the pore structure of the hydrated cement paste.
Concrete durability is influenced by many factors including mix design, structural design, application, and curing. Standards like EN 206-1 provide exposure classes and minimum requirements for cement content and w/c ratio depending on environmental aggressiveness to ensure durability. Proper mix design with adequate cement content and low w/c ratio, along with proper application and curing, are essential for achieving durable concrete.
1. The document discusses various types of concrete deterioration including acidic water, carbonation, chloride-induced corrosion, sulfate attack, and alkali–aggregate reaction (AAR). It provides the mechanisms and recommendations for preventing each type.
2. Carbonation occurs via the reaction of calcium hydroxide in cement paste with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, lowering the pH and favoring reinforcement corrosion. Factors like humidity, temperature, and CO2 concentration affect carbonation.
3. Sulfate attack can be external, causing ettringite or thaumasite, or internal, causing secondary gypsum or delayed ettringite formation. Recommendations include low water-cement ratio concrete and use
The document discusses oil well cement types, testing, manufacturing, and specifications. It describes the main cement classes used in oil wells as Classes G and H, which are designed for high temperature and pressure conditions. Testing includes measuring thickening time, compressive strength, and permeability. Manufacturing requires strict control of raw materials and chemical composition to achieve proper properties. The cement must set rapidly downhole but remain pumpable during placement.
- W. Matthes presented on laboratory work testing cement paste setting time and mortar strength.
- Methods tested included Vicat needle and penetrometer for setting time, and standard EN and ASTM mortars for strength.
- Factors that influence setting time and strength development include clinker composition, presence of mineral admixtures, and curing conditions. Benchmarking of different cements in both mortar and concrete is important.
This document outlines the schedule and process for a cement applications course. Each day, a group of 4-5 participants will review the previous day's presentations, discussions, and workshops to distill the key learnings into a 15-minute presentation for the whole class the following morning. The groups presenting for each day of the first and second weeks are listed. The presentations will summarize the main issues discussed, how they relate to performance, and how the learnings can be applied in the workplace.
This document provides an overview of the cement production process from raw materials through clinker to cement. It discusses the objectives and key components of pyroprocessing, including the preheater, rotary kiln, and cooler. It describes the basic chemical reactions that occur during pyroprocessing and characteristic processes that take place at different temperature ranges. Key parameters for optimizing and controlling kiln operation are also outlined.
This document discusses the properties of Portland cement that are assessed through laboratory tests according to ASTM standards. It covers fineness, soundness, consistency, setting time, early stiffening, compressive strength, heat of hydration, loss on ignition, and density/specific gravity. Fineness, assessed by sieving or air permeability tests, affects the rate of hydration and strength development. Soundness and consistency tests evaluate a cement's ability to retain volume and flow. Setting time marks initial and final stiffening. Compressive strength is the most important property.
The document discusses the manufacture and properties of cement. There are two main processes for cement production - the dry process and wet process. In the dry process, raw materials are ground, dried, blended and fed into a kiln to form clinker. This process uses less water and energy than the wet process. The major chemical compounds in cement are tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate and tetracalcium aluminoferrite. Hydration reactions of these compounds produce strength-giving calcium silicate hydrates and calcium hydroxide. The type and proportions of compounds affect properties like strength development and heat evolution.
Cement is a binding agent made from calcium silicates and other compounds. It sets and hardens due to a hydration process. Romans first developed hydraulic cement by mixing volcanic ash with lime. Modern Portland cement was invented in 1824 and is made by heating limestone and clay. Cement is used widely in construction materials like concrete and mortar. It is produced through quarrying, crushing, and heating raw materials in a kiln to form clinker, which is then ground and mixed with gypsum. Global cement production exceeds 3 billion tons annually.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
4. 4
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Key elements
Products (cement)
Product range and composition (new / optimized products)
Application and performance positioning
EBITDA contribution - volumes, cost and price positioning
Technical service/market reach
Scope and contents of services and
Required sales and distribution, promotion and training initiatives to support the
recommended product range
Objective
PPM defines the future optimum range of products: The recommendations
are aimed at the market situation in 5 years
It also determines the necessary market reach actions to ensure the
successful implementation of the recommended portfolio
Definition of Product Portfolio Management (PPM)
5. 5
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
MIC / CO2 -reduction
Integration of mineral components (Gbfs, Fly Ash, Pozzolan, Limestone)
into the product range is the most effective method for the reduction of CO2
Long term competitiveness
A stronger understanding of the application / end-user requirements and
how our products really perform against competitors can identify potential
for differentiation
How does PPM contribute to achieving Holcim’s
key objectives ?
EBITDA / RONOA
The product portfolio has a strong impact on cost, price and volume /
capacity utilization
An optimum product range contributes significantly to the achievement of
Holcim’s financial targets
6. 6
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Product portfolio project process
Cement
Market
Products/
Services
Supply
Chain
Market and
Application
Segmentation
Relative
Product
Performance
Manufacturing,
MIC Sourcing,
Logistics
Gap
analysis
and
opportu-
nities
Constraints
and oppor-
tunities
Product
and
service
options
Analysis Synthesis Options Evaluation
Tech. Services
& Market reach
Targeting
Key
Product
Initiatives
EBITDA
CAPEX
Qualita-
tive
issues
P
R
O
D
U
C
T
P
O
R
T
F
O
L
I
O
Pre-Analysis
7. 7
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Cement
Market
Products/
Services
Supply
Chain
Market and
Application
Segmentation
Relative
Product
Performance
Manufacturing,
MIC Sourcing,
Logistics
Gap
analysis
and
opportu-
nities
Constraints
and oppor-
tunities
Product
and
service
options
Pre-Analysis Analysis Synthesis Options Evaluation
Tech. Services
& Market reach
Targeting
Key
Product
Initiatives
EBITDA
CAPEX
Qualita-
tive
issues
P
R
O
D
U
C
T
P
O
R
T
F
O
L
I
O
Key challenges to develop the product / service
portfolio
8. 8
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Relevant
criteria:
Volume, price/margin, growth
Requirements, working practices, decision making process
Market mapping segmentation
Transactional
Mortars
Ready-mix
Concrete
Asphalt
Concrete
Products
Direct Sales
Direct Sales
Traders
Wholesalers
Retailers
Traders
Wholesalers
Retailers
End-users
General
Contractors
Civil
Engineering
Channels
Transformational
Masons
Self -builders
Cementitious
Materials
(cement,
mineral
components)
Supply
Basic Materials
Processing
Aggregates
(sand, gravel,
stone, recycled
aggregates)
Infrastructure
Commercial /
Industrial
Building
Housing
Demand
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
Applications and
Construction Fields
9. 9
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
12%
Infra
70%
Residential
18%
Non-residential
Application segmentation
OpCo sales 1.3 Mio t – 09/2006 to 08/2007
Source: Sales data, market visits, workshop
Single houses Multi storeys Inst
Comm
Ind Infra
Mortar - 31%
Concrete - 64%
CPM - 5%
Transportation
Water
Energy
/
Comm
Plastering
Brick laying
Foundations
Slabs/beams
Floorscreed
Foundations
Columns/shear walls
Slab/beams
Other
Limited concreting in single-house construction
Tile placing
10. 10
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Tile placing
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
12%
Infra
70%
Residential
18%
Non-residential
Product per application
OpCo sales 1.3 Mio t – 09/2006 to 08/2007
Source: Sales data, market visits, workshop
Single houses Multi storeys Inst
Comm
Ind Infra
Mortar - 31%
Concrete - 64%
CPM - 5%
Transportation
Water
Energy
/
Comm
Plastering
Brick laying
Foundations
Slabs/beams
Floorscreed
Foundations
Columns/shear walls
Slab/beams
Other
Product overlap in bag applications
‘Ekspert’ used for HS concreting
'Ekspert'
23%
'Spesial' bulk
21%
'Optimal'
33%
'Spesial' bag
23%
11. 11
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Example of cement use:
Residential high rise 17 floors – Central region
General information
Total floor space 10’000 m2
Cement / m2 223 kg/m2
Cement use / application
RMX concrete:
All concrete B25
Water or plasticizer addition common
Concrete mainly placed by crane
RMX mortar:
Flooring: M200, d = 3 cm
Bricklaying: M100, d = 1 cm
Plastering: M100, d = 2 cm
Working practice:
Demolding:
- Walls / columns at ≥ 16h
- Slabs at ≥ 7 days
Concrete curing common
Product positioning:
Only strength and slump required
Cement not specified
Foundation 186 t 8%
Walls 242 t 11%
Columns 140 t 6%
Slabs 750 t 34%
Blocks 579 t 26%
Flooring 70 t 3%
Bricklaying 92 t 4%
Plastering 171 t 8%
Total 2’230 t
12. 12
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Concrete application requirements
RMX concrete Batched on site
15 to 25 MPa as RMX GU concrete (~90%)
Tendency to shift to higher strength classes
Early strength 3-5 MPa @ ~14-18hrs for demolding
columns/walls and setting time for finishing / walk on slab
Placing: Mainly pumped concrete, pumping by RMX
No specification of cement type
28d strength only requirement
Slump chosen according to placing (pumped or crane)
Mix designs mostly through certification labs
I 42.5R in PE market and for binder unit cost reduction
CEM II 42.5N fulfills RMX concrete requirements
Shift I 42.5R for RMX to II 42.5N
Very limited volume of
concrete batched on site
with bag cement: Only
remote areas with no
access to RMX concrete
and small renovation works
No special early strength
requirement: ‘Rapid’
characteristic not known /
not perceived as necessary
Bag CEM II 32.5 adequate
CEM II 32.5R
CEM II 42.5N
(CEM I 42.5R, CEM II 32.5R)
Cement
used
Requirement/
working
practice
13. 13
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Mortar application requirements
Flooring
Bricklaying Plastering Tiles placing
Spread usage of dry mix products
Easy to use
Guarantee for quality
Alternatively use of RMX lime mortar
with about 200 kg/m3 bag cement for
plastering
Adhesion, smooth
surface and no cracks
main requirements
100-150 kg/m3 bag
cement added to
RMX lime mortar
Importance of
workability: No
special strength
requirement on
cement
Main user of bag
cement: Batched
on job site
Partly delivered as
RMX mortar
Importance of
setting: Bag CEM
II 32.5 adequate
No awareness about ‘Rapid’ characteristic
Bag cement CEM II 32.5 fulfills requirements
Cement + sand Dry mix products
RMX lime + cement
RMX lime + cement
(Dry mix products)
Products
used
Requirement/
working
practice
14. 14
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Cement
Market
Products/
Services
Supply
Chain
Market and
Application
Segmentation
Relative
Product
Performance
Manufacturing,
MIC Sourcing,
Logistics
Gap
analysis
and
opportu-
nities
Constraints
and oppor-
tunities
Product
and
service
options
Pre-Analysis Analysis Synthesis Options Evaluation
Tech. Services
& Market reach
Targeting
Key
Product
Initiatives
EBITDA
CAPEX
Qualita-
tive
issues
P
R
O
D
U
C
T
P
O
R
T
F
O
L
I
O
Key challenges to develop the product / service
portfolio
15. 15
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Internal benchmarking
Mortar characteristics of durability/bag cements
[MPa] P1 P2
3R/4N
4R/5N
4N/R
5N/R
28d
7d
2d
Minimum
standard
requirements
7d 7d
Source: Plant lab, Oct 06 – Mar 07
7d
WD [%] 27.3 27.9 29.7 30.9 28.2 34.7
Cement I3R-S IIAV3R-S IIBV3N IIIA3N IIBS3R VA(S-V)3N
No strength
differentiation in
SR products
3N with 3R
strength
High variation (CoV > 4%)
Most cements fulfilling standard of next higher strength classes
16. 16
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
0
10
20
30
40
50
[MPa]
1d
28d
IST [min] 205 203 200 197 185 228 198 198 182 188 185
Slump loss 40`
%
90/18
80
90/22
75
82/15
80
88/22
75
80/20
75
88/23
75
90/18
80
87/25
70
82/12
85
88/17
80
80/8
90
CD Comp. A
WD Comp. C
3d
Comp. B
Holcim with longest setting times
1d / 3d strength of PPC better than OPC 43 and in range of OPC 53
Standard 28d limit
WD
CD
WD
OPC 53
OPC 43
PPC
A C
B
Concrete benchmarking for M20, 350 kg/m3
cement
17. 17
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Cement
Market
Products/
Services
Supply
Chain
Market and
Application
Segmentation
Relative
Product
Performance
Manufacturing,
MIC Sourcing,
Logistics
Gap
analysis
and
opportu-
nities
Constraints
and oppor-
tunities
Product
and
service
options
Pre-Analysis Analysis Synthesis Options Evaluation
Tech. Services
& Market reach
Targeting
Key
Product
Initiatives
EBITDA
CAPEX
Qualita-
tive
issues
P
R
O
D
U
C
T
P
O
R
T
F
O
L
I
O
Key challenges to develop the product / service
portfolio
18. 18
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Technical Service: Needs and gap analysis
Customer Main focus / needs Supporting activities
IHB
Basic mix design / application
advice
On site support
Application advice
Practical support
Inter-
mediaries
Complaint handling
Training sales force
Regular meetings
Trouble shooting
Owners,
specifiers
Durability / service life
Specification support
Courses / seminars
Specification guidelines
Contractor
Trial mixes / mix optimization
Workforce training
Activities started
RMX
Mix design optimization
Complaint handling
No dedicated offer as
currently low presence in
the market
Pre-cast
Mix design optimization
Cost / cycle time reduction
Needs fulfilled / partially / not fulfilled:
Adequate Technical Service for trade segment
Develop specific support for growing professional segment
/ /
19. 19
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Cement
Market
Products/
Services
Supply
Chain
Market and
Application
Segmentation
Relative
Product
Performance
Manufacturing,
MIC Sourcing,
Logistics
Gap
analysis
and
opportu-
nities
Constraints
and oppor-
tunities
Product
and
service
options
Pre-Analysis Analysis Synthesis Options Evaluation
Tech. Services
& Market reach
Targeting
Key
Product
Initiatives
EBITDA
CAPEX
Qualita-
tive
issues
P
R
O
D
U
C
T
P
O
R
T
F
O
L
I
O
Key challenges to develop the product / service
portfolio
20. 20
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Relevant plant constraints for product decisions
Clinker
Cement Mill
Cement Silos
MIC Storage
Blending
Facility
Feeding / weigh
system
Slag dryer
Cement Terminal
Cement &
MIC Silo
Blending
Facility
Cement Plant
Feasibility, potential CAPEX and impact
on capacity has to be evaluated
21. 21
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
CD
MK
ALC
NA
BEL
WD
CU
Current and future FA volumes
3.7
10.1
3.2
4.5
Cement
Total South - West
21.5 Mio t
5.1
4.6
6.2
Land filled
Wet
discharge
Dry
discharge
2.5
3.1
Traded/
concrete
Additional
2010
Pro-active sourcing
required
BEL beside Bellary power
plant
Significant add. FA 2008
Sufficient FA available
NA beside Nasik
power plant
FA secured
Strong FA traders
Plant
Grinding station
Power plant
ACC FA sources
Future
Future
Sufficient FA availability for WD/BEL/CU cluster and NA area expected
Tight supply situation in MK and CD, proactive FA sourcing required
Source: ACC, HGRS, Holtec
Current / future limited
FA available
Pro-active sourcing
required
500 km
22. 22
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
0
10
20
30
Variable cost of constituents in cement
CD MK
[USD/t]
0
10
20
30
14.9
Clk Gyp
phos
FA
CSTPS
FA
MSEB
(10.1)
D var (8.5) (5.6)
LS
Gyp
mar
13.0 (4.5) (14.4) (14.7)
0
10
20
30
Clk
NW
FA
RTPS
LS
Gyp
phos
Clk
0
10
20
30
Clk FA
RTPS
LS
Gyp
phos
Gyp
mar
10.4 (11.5) (6.3) 13.2 14.2 (9.4) (4.1)
NW
(1.1)
EW
(6.5) (1.6)
Clk FA
Mettur
LS
Gyp
mar
Gbfs
Hospet
Gbfs
Jindal
D var
D var
D var
[USD/t]
FA first priority MIC for cost and CF reduction
23. 23
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
National cement standards
Min. clinker Min.-max. FA Max. minor constituent
Min.-max. Gbfs
Note: Additional standards: BS EN 197-1 , SR cement, white cement, Ggbfs and FA as concrete addition
Legend:
HSBC (MS 1388)
PzPFC (MS 1520)
BC (MS 1389)
MC (MS 794)
PPFC (MS 1227)
PSC (MS 1389)
OPC&RHPC
MS
Standards
[%]
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
95% (incl. gyp.) 5%
65% (incl. gyp.)
65%
40%
5%
6-35%
36-65%
6-35%
Portland cement + AE + other plasticising material
Gbfs, Pozz, FA, LS
5%
65% 35-50%
15-50% 50-85% 5%
5%
24. 24
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Cement
Market
Products/
Services
Supply
Chain
Market and
Application
Segmentation
Relative
Product
Performance
Manufacturing,
MIC Sourcing,
Logistics
Gap
analysis
and
opportu-
nities
Constraints
and oppor-
tunities
Product
and
service
options
Pre-Analysis Analysis Synthesis Options Evaluation
Tech. Services
& Market reach
Targeting
Key
Product
Initiatives
EBITDA
CAPEX
Qualita-
tive
issues
P
R
O
D
U
C
T
P
O
R
T
F
O
L
I
O
Key challenges to develop the product / service
portfolio
25. 25
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Gap analysis (1/3)
Issues Potential
Bag
Product
strategy
RMX
Production at clinker limit
‘Product A’ and ‘Product B’ with
similar performance in mortar and
concrete
Focus on CF reduction for PP 2011
Potential to eliminate product
overlaps and reduce CF
Performance overlap in bag
Workability main bag requirement
Competitors products with lower
strength performance
Price ceiling in transactional channel
High share of plastering
‘Product B’ performance suitable
for GU RMX applications
Need for HS RMX cement for
special projects and infrastructure
Potential to unify bag products
Evaluate optimum composition for
GU bag product
Potential for plastering solution
Evaluate optimum MIC and exploit
composition potential for GU and HS
RMX composite cement
Minimize application overlaps
26. 26
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Proposed key product and service initiatives 2012
Main initiatives 2nd priority
Service initiatives
Supporting initiatives
Split current HRF / HQC into 2 products
- High early strength product for CPM
- GU bulk for RMX / contractors
Low alkali product for infrastructure projects
Sales 2012
4.8 Mio t/y
Industrialized
markets
Rural markets
Proactive TS offer for industrialized bulk customers
Dedicated masonry product
Dedicated masonry product
Special binder for soil-CEM-mixing / RCC
Mortar
Concrete
RMX
CPM
Mortar
HRF
Niche
HQC
HTS
Product initiatives
27. 27
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Product portfolio project process
Cement
Market
Products/
Services
Supply
Chain
Market and
Application
Segmentation
Relative
Product
Performance
Manufacturing,
MIC Sourcing,
Logistics
Gap
analysis
and
opportu-
nities
Constraints
and oppor-
tunities
Product
and
service
options
Pre-Analysis Analysis Synthesis Options Evaluation
Tech. Services
& Market reach
Targeting
Key
Product
Initiatives
EBITDA
CAPEX
Qualita-
tive
issues
P
R
O
D
U
C
T
P
O
R
T
F
O
L
I
O
28. 28
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Cement
Market
Products/
Services
Supply
Chain
Market and
Application
Segmentation
Relative
Product
Performance
Manufacturing,
MIC Sourcing,
Logistics
Gap
analysis
and
opportu-
nities
Constraints
and oppor-
tunities
Product
and
service
options
Analysis Synthesis Options Evaluation
Tech. Services
& Market reach
Targeting
Key
Product
Initiatives
EBITDA
CAPEX
Qualita-
tive
issues
P
R
O
D
U
C
T
P
O
R
T
F
O
L
I
O
Key challenges to develop the product / service
portfolio
Pre-Analysis
29. 29
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
New
product portfolio 2012
Project methodology for second project phase
‘Current
MIC’
‘FA’
‘Gbfs’ /
‘Ggbfs’
Reference
scenario 2012
‘Reference’ ‘Ideal PP’
Product
initiatives
Current portfolio New products with adjusted targets
HRF
HQC
HTS
HEW
HRF
HQC
HTS
HEW
Evaluate optimum MIC usage
DEBITDA
Qualitative criteria
Sensitivity
Niche
Niche
Additionally on request:
OPC type V for Durability
4.8 Mio t/y
Bag-bulk ratio adjusted
Incl. separate LS/PZ
grinding in CL
4.8 Mio t/y
Assess options to maintain MS of 26% and
increase sales to 5.8 Mio t/y
Current set
up in HN
2nd line in
HN
5.8 Mio t/y
Bag-bulk ratio adjusted
5.8 Mio t/y
Assess implication on short term product
portfolio strategy (until 2nd line in operation)
30. 30
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Special
products
New PP
2012
Overview of OpCO sales volumes 2012
Reference
2012
[Mio t]
HTS
HRF
HQC
Niche
HEW
4.8 Mio t 5.8 Mio t
Bulk ratio
Special
products
New PP
2012
Reference
2012
Niche 80
HQC 160
HTS
2’960
HQC /
HRF
1’540
HTS
3’180
HRF
1’380
AAR
Niche 80
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
HEW
220
HEW
220
HTS
3’460
HTS
3’250
SB/RCC1)
SB/RCC1)
AAR
HQC /
HRF
2’220
HRF
1’980
HQC 240
Niche 110 Niche 110
34% 37% 40% 43%
1) Volume potential max. 300’000 t/y
[‘000 t] [‘000 t]
31. 31
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Bag cements:
Current performance and future targets
20
30
Mortar
strength
[MPa]
60
40
50
28d
Future targets
3d
Average strength
1d
Future internal target ranges
Legend:
10
Current performance
‘HTS’ ‘MC 22.5’
Bag Application segments
0
Internal minimum
targets
44
26
35
12
‘PCB 30’ ‘HTS’ ‘HEW’
44
26
12
~35
~25
8
Masonry performance corresponding to ‘PCB 30’
32. 32
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Bulk cements:
Current performance and future targets
10
Concrete
strength
[MPa]
30
20
28d
Future targets
Average strength
1d
Future internal target ranges
Legend:
Current performance
‘HRF’
‘HQC’
HQC
HVL
Nghi
Son
Bulk Application segments
0
31
10
33
8 8
7d
24 24
31
10
24
31
24
‘HMP’
24
6
‘AAR’
‘HMP’
8
25
31
24
3d
10
8
New RMX cement with application oriented early strength performance
33. 33
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Cement HTS HEW HRF HTS HRF HQC HTS HRF HQC
Blaine [cm2/g] 4’700 ~5’000 4’000 5’000 4’100 3’800 4’000 4’000 4’000
Specific energy
[kWh/t]
38 35 37 35 33 32 Blend Blend Blend
Variable cost
[USD/t]1) 18.3 16.5 19.8 50.2 59.4 60.0 50.1 61.5 62.1
HN CL
TV
1) Cost of grinding aid (0.7USD / t) and air entrainer (1.0 USD / t) included
Note: Additional performance improvement possible with gypsum addition in LS grinding in CL
Product compositions for ‘Current MIC’ option
57%
67% 83% 65% 81% 83% 65% 84% 85%
39%
20%
12%
14%
14% 12%
12%
11% 10%
8% 16% 19%
4%
5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 4% 5% 5%
HRF in CL with limited improvement
potential due to late strength targets
Gypsum
Pozzolan
Limestone
Clinker
Legend:
34. 34
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
EBITDA contribution per product initiative in 2012
‘Current MIC’
Sales volume [Mio t/y] 4.80 4.85 5.8 4.85 5.8 4.85 5.8
CF / D CF [%] 72.0 71.4 / -0.6 71.0 / -1.0
Clinker import HN / TV [‘000 t/y] 80 / 1’050 65 / 1’075 40 / 1’065
LS / PZ [‘000 t/y] 690 / 400 750 / 380 790 / 360
Grinding utilization HN / TV [%] 2) 102 / 100 101 / 100 101 / 100
Clinker utilization HN [%] 2) 100 100 100
CAPEX required [Mio USD] - 1.54) 1.55)
1) Commercial margin 12 USD/t 2) OEE = 85% 3) Additional sales delivered to TV market according current BP
4) Cement silo for HQC: 2’500 tons including connections 5) Cement silo for HEW: 2’500 tons, including connections
‘Reference’ ‘Split HRF and HQC’ ‘Masonry’
- 0.6 12.0 2.6 14.0 4.0 15.4
0.0
15.0
1.03)
1.4
1.4
5.0
10.0
0.6
11.4
Incremental EBITDA
[Mio USD/y]
Volume impact
VC impact
LPC impact 1)
1.6
11.4
35. 35
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Cement HTS HEW HRF HTS HRF HQC HTS HRF HQC
Blaine [cm2/g] 4’700 ~5’000 4’000 4’400 3’800 3’900 4’000 3’750 3’900
Specific energy
[kWh/t]
38 35 37 33 35 36 Blend Blend Blend
Variable cost
[USD/t]1) 18.3 16.5 19.8 50.0 59.8 60.2 53.0 61.8 63.1
HN CL
TV
Product compositions for ‘Gbfs’ option
57%
67% 83% 62% 75% 78% 63% 76% 81%
4%
5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6%
39%
20%
12% 7%
4% 7% 14% 5% 5%
8%
16%
10%
16% 10% 10%
8%
14% 8%
Gypsum
Ggbfs
Gbfs
Pozzolan
Limestone
Clinker
Legend:
1) Cost of grinding aid (0.7USD / t) and air entrainer (1.0 USD / t) included
Note: Additional performance improvement possible with gypsum addition in LS grinding in CL
36. 36
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
12.0
EBITDA contribution per product initiative
‘Slag with additional mill in TV / CL’
Incremental EBITDA
[Mio USD/y]
Sales volume [Mio t/y] 4.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8
CF / D CF [%] 72.0 69.3 / -2.7 69.5 / -2.5 69.3 / -2.7
Clinker import HN / TV [‘000 t/y] 80 / 1’050 0 / 1’900 0 / 875 0 / 860
LS / PZ / Gbfs [‘000 t/y] 680 / 410 575 / 420 / 485 590 / 420 / 455 650 / 390 / 435
Grinding utilization HN / TV [%] 1) 102 / 98 79 / 100 79 / 93 88 / 93
Clinker utilization HN [%] 1) 100 100 100 100
CAPEX required [Mio USD] - ~1002) ~1003) 1.54)
10
5
15
25
20
TV CL
1) OEE = 85% 2) Additional mill of 70 t/h for slag grinding 3) New mill of 55 t/h for slag grinding
4) Cement silo for HEW: 2’500 tons 5) Logistic disadvantage to HCMC of supply from TV versus CL: ~3.30 USD/t 6) CM 12 USD/t
0
30
- 12.0 23.4 26.9 28.3
‘Reference’ ‘Split HRF and HQC’ ‘Masonry’
Logistic impact 5)
Volume impact
VC impact
LPC impact 6)
26.6
-0.1
1.4
-3.1
26.6
-1.3
1.6
37. 37
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Cement
Market
Products/
Services
Supply
Chain
Market and
Application
Segmentation
Relative
Product
Performance
Manufacturing,
MIC Sourcing,
Logistics
Gap
analysis
and
opportu-
nities
Constraints
and oppor-
tunities
Product
and
service
options
Pre-Analysis Analysis Synthesis Options Evaluation
Tech. Services
& Market reach
Targeting
Key
Product
Initiatives
EBITDA
CAPEX
Qualita-
tive
issues
P
R
O
D
U
C
T
P
O
R
T
F
O
L
I
O
Key challenges to develop the product / service
portfolio
38. 38
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Summary of option evaluation
Final product portfolio with 1 kiln line in HN
‘Current MIC’
‘Gbfs
new mill TV/CL’
‘Ggbfs’ ‘FA’ ‘Ideal PP’
Production w. cur-
rent set-up [Mio t/y]
4.85 5.8 5.5 5.2 5.0
CF / D CF [%pt]
71.0 / -1.0
TV: 69.3 / -2.7
CL: 69.5 / -2.5
66.8 / -5.2 68.9 / -3.1 68.7 / -3.3
D EBITDA1)
[Mio USD/t] 3.4
TV: 12.7
CL: 16.2
1.72) 4.43) 6.22)
CAPEX
[Mio USD]
3.0 ~100 16.0 23.5 8.0
NPV4) [Mio USD] 19.2 5.9 -4.9 5.3 32.5
MIC supply
Independent
Dependency on
Gbfs supply
and price
Dependency on
Ggbfs supply
and price
Dependency on
FA supply and
price
Dependency on
Ggbfs supply for
HRF
Manufacturing
complexity
Lowest, focus
on product
introduction only
High
complexity
Low increase of
complexity
Low increase of
complexity
Low increase of
complexity
Marketing
effort
Lowest efforts
High efforts by
TS / sales
Superior PP to
‘Current MIC’
High efforts by
TS / sales
Superior PP to
‘Current MIC’
High efforts by
TS / sales
Superior PP to
‘Gbfs’ / ‘Ggbfs’
High efforts by
TS / sales
Best product
portfolio
1) Including margin of LPC imports 2) Ggbfs 40 USD / t at mill inlet, all plants 3) FA 20 USD / t in HN 4) WACC 15.3%, perpetuity
39. 39
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Production &
logistics
issues
Technical
evaluation
Performance /
composition
defined
Clarification of:
Standards, norms
Prod. / log. / sourcing
possib. and constr.
Product development:
Optimization based
on acceptance tests
Manufacturing:
Production optimized and
required volumes secured
Logistics
Supply to market secured
New Product Introduction process (NPI)
Structured product introduction process after PPM recommendations
Cross-functional team prerequisite for successful product launch
Analysis &
Targeting
Strategy &
Development
Planning Preparation
PPM input
Product Introduction
Launch
Time
~2 months ~4 - 6 months ~2 months ~3 months
Opportunity for
new product
identified
Commercial
evaluation
Targeting:
Product advantage
User segment
Channel, price
Brand strategy:
Product value
proposition
Naming & bag
Marketing Plan:
Marketing mix
Sales
approach
Tech. service
Training
Preparation
of launch
Commercial
issues
Start of NPI Decision for
introduction
Production
release
Sales
release
Acceptance testing:
Large scale jobsite
trials with end users
Application
performance
benchmarking
40. 40
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Summary – final recommendations
Product
optimization
Adjust composition of PPC after implementation of manufacturing
improvement measures according to ACL’s plan
Add 5% LS as performance improver in OPC
Penetration
of non-trade
segment
Introduce ‘Quality Committee’ to ensure alignment of market
feedback, benchmarking and manufacturing
Focus on segments with high profitability (sleepers) / segments that
can be penetrated with PPC products (cluster A) and large projects
demanding PPC/OPC-bundles (cluster B)
Support non-trade strategy with
Products
- Introduce PPC plus
- Lobbying for PPC grades in standards
- Evaluate introduction of DM products in separate feasibility study
Services
- Adapt CSS-offer to cluster A requirements
- Bulk deliveries
Organization: Establish a KAM for large projects, hire staff with
relevant experience
Benchmarking
process
Sales
strategy
Evaluate potential to increase share of trade sales (up to capacity
limit)
41. 41
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Roadmap
5% LS add.
Product
optimization
Penetration of
non-trade
segment
Benchmarking
Sales strategy
New capacities
Clk optimization RB
Continuous process
Adjust
Enter cluster A
Adapt CSS offer and introduce bulk
NPI New product PPC plus
Rauri / Dadri I / Nalagarh Dadri II / Jhalawar / Marwar
Enter cluster B
KAM preparation KAM
Clk optimization DL
PPC optimized
Option 1: Enter cluster C
Option 2: Increase penetration in cluster A and B
Option 3: Increase penetration in trade segment
Sleepers OPC 53 S (earlier possible, depending on priorities)
Lobbying for PPC grades Lobbying for change in gov. specifications
Evaluate DM production
43. 43
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Product Portfolio Management process
Product
portfolio
A
Timeline
GC activities
Market changes
PPM
Moment A
PPMR
Moment B
~ 2-3 years
Market
situation
A
Market
situation
B
Product
portfolio
B
PPMR
corrective
actions
PPM recom-
mendation
A
44. 44
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Key elements
Update information base of the PPM recommendations
Update on changes in the assumptions for recommended product initiatives
Assess implementation progress, results and action plans
Identify status per product initiative including financial result and corrective
actions
Evaluate potential for new product initiatives
QA / QC systems for application oriented product range
Identify key learnings from product initiative implementation
Recommendation of corrective actions and next steps
Objective
Ensure PPM recommendations’ sustainability and fully exploit product
initiatives potential
Product Portfolio Management Review (PPMR)
45. 45
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Product Portfolio Management Review process
Analysis Synthesis
Status
implementation
Product initiatives
Corrective
actions
Implementation
progress / results per
Product initiative and
potential new
Product initiatives
Validity check
recommended
Product initiatives
Key
learnings
and
next Steps
Recommendation
Market and
Application
Segmentation
Relative
Product
Performance
Manufacturing,
Sourcing,
Logistics
Update PPM info base
Tech. Services
& Market reach
46. 46
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Structure of a PPMR - 1
PPM information base update
Implementation progress of product initiatives
Corrective actions and new product initiatives
Overview and summary
Next steps
47. 47
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Structure of a PPMR - 2
PPM information base update
Implementation progress of product initiatives
Overview of product initiatives and achieved EBITDA contribution
Positioning of current products
Application performance of current products
QA / QC of current products
Corrective actions and new product initiatives
Overview and summary
Next steps
48. 48
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Status of initiative implementation - 2007
Recommended PPM initiatives Activities performed by HA
Activities recommended in PPM 2003
Other / additional HA activities
Optimization
Product
initiatives
Cost optimization of CPC 30R Implemented
Bulk product strategy:
New GU bulk CPC 40 for VI RMX
Bag product strategy
Introduction of new masonry cement
Implemented for RMX VI
Implemented
CPC 40 sold in bulk to industrial and
CPC 30 R to informal block producers
Optimize CPC 40 and start production in
MP, OZ and RA
CPEG 30 RS/BRA implemented in TC
Implemented, not including MP
Niche product strategy
Start production of CPC 30 RS in TC
Introduction of CPC 30R for block
producers
Replace CPO 30R RS in OZ
by CPC 40 RS
Introduction of CPC 40 allowing free
storage to keep production of
CPO 30R RS
Additionally sold to 3rd party RMX/CPM
49. 49
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Realized incremental EBITDA 2007 related to
PPM initiatives 2003
PPM recommendation Realized Differences
Legend:
Durability
New Mortero
Optimization
D EBITDA
[Mio USD/y]
Block Cement
DEBITDA
corrected by
-
Exchange rate
/ RMX
Volume Cost
PP/
composition
Volume 8.7 Mio t/y 8.3 Mio t/y
Variable cost Assumption 2007 Actual 2007
CF 67.9% 66.9%
Block cement
initiative not
implemented to
avoid spill over of
special bag product
into general use bag
segment
Realized additional
sales of Mortero did
not fully meet PPM
volume projections
Additional
optimization
initiatives lead to a
positive impact
VI RMX1)
7.8 6.4 10.1 6.9
6.8
2.3
4.4
0.2
1.1
4.9
4.1
0.6
3.9
2.1
-0.2
0.7
4.1
2.2
-0.2
0.7
2.1
3.3
1.9
-0.2 Δ
1) Logistics and operational benefit of RMX operations not considered
50. 50
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Structure of a PPMR - 3
PPM information base update
Implementation progress of product initiatives
Corrective actions and new product initiatives
Overview
Options
Evaluation
Technical service and benchmarking
Overview and summary
Next steps
52. 52
16.10.2005
Holcim Group Support Course for Cement Applications
Summary of product portfolio approach
A comprehensive market / application segmentation is the base for
a successful PPM strategy
Product performance requirements are determined by the related
product applications
Supply chain constraints are decisive for the feasibility of product
options
Technical Services are part of PPM strategy and have to support
the selected product initiatives
PPM contributes strongly to achieving Holcim’s CO2 and EBITDA
targets and supports overall competitiveness
The PPM is formally reviewed after 18 to 24 months to ensure the
recommendations’ sustainability and to fully exploit the potential