Cell_structure_function.ppt

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1. The document discusses the basic structure and function of cells, including that all living things are made of cells, which are the smallest functional units. 2. Cells come in two main types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells lack internal structures surrounded by membranes, while eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles. 3. The structures and organelles that make up cells are described, including the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and chloroplasts, and their basic functions in transport, energy production, and protein synthesis.

Science

Cell Structure
& Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells.
• Cells are the smallest working units of all
living things.
• All cells come from preexisting cells
through cell division.

Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is
capable of performing life
functions.

Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria

Two Types of Cells
•Prokaryotic
•Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic
• Do not have
structures
surrounded by
membranes
• Few internal
structures
• One-celled
organisms,
Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

Eukaryotic
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Most living organisms
Plant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell

Cell Membrane
• Outer membrane of cell
that controls movement
in and out of the cell
• Double layer
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cell Wall
• Most commonly found
in plant cells &
bacteria
• Supports & protects
cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Nucleus
• Directs cell activities
• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear
membrane
• Contains genetic material - DNA

Nuclear Membrane
• Surrounds nucleus
• Made of two layers
• Openings allow
material to enter and
leave nucleus
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Chromosomes
• In nucleus
• Made of DNA
• Contain instructions
for traits &
characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Nucleolus
• Inside nucleus
• Contains RNA to build
proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Contains hereditary material

Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Moves materials around
in cell
• Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes
• Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in
surface
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Ribosomes
• Each cell contains
thousands
• Make proteins
• Found on ribosomes
& floating throughout
the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Mitochondria
• Produces energy through
chemical reactions –
breaking down fats &
carbohydrates
• Controls level of water and
other materials in cell
• Recycles and decomposes
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Golgi Bodies
• Protein 'packaging
plant'
• Move materials within
the cell
• Move materials out of
the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Lysosome
• Digestive 'plant' for
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates
• Transports undigested
material to cell
membrane for removal
• Cell breaks down if
lysosome explodes
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound
sacs for storage,
digestion, and waste
removal
• Contains water
solution
• Help plants maintain
shape
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Chloroplast
• Usually found in plant
cells
• Contains green
chlorophyll
• Where
photosynthesis takes
place
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

All living things are made up of cells, which are the smallest units capable of performing life functions. There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic cells that lack internal structures and organelles, and eukaryotic cells that contain organelles like the nucleus. The document describes the structures and functions of key cellular components inside plant and animal cells, including the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus containing DNA, mitochondria that generate energy, and chloroplasts in plant cells that facilitate photosynthesis.

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All living things are made up of cells, which are the smallest units capable of performing life functions. Cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic cells, which do not have internal membrane-bound structures and are typically single-celled bacteria, and eukaryotic cells, which do have internal membrane-bound structures called organelles and include plants, animals, and most living organisms. Key organelles in cells include the cell membrane, nucleus, and mitochondria.

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1. Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

2. Cell Theory • All living things are made up of cells. • Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. • All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

3. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

4. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria

5. Two Types of Cells •Prokaryotic •Eukaryotic

6. Prokaryotic • Do not have structures surrounded by membranes • Few internal structures • One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

7. Eukaryotic • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes • Most living organisms Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

8. “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

9. http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif “Typical” Plant Cell

10. Cell Parts Organelles

11. Surrounding the Cell

12. Cell Membrane • Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell • Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

13. Cell Wall • Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria • Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

14. Inside the Cell

15. Nucleus • Directs cell activities • Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane • Contains genetic material - DNA

16. Nuclear Membrane • Surrounds nucleus • Made of two layers • Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

17. Chromosomes • In nucleus • Made of DNA • Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

18. Nucleolus • Inside nucleus • Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

19. Cytoplasm • Gel-like mixture • Surrounded by cell membrane • Contains hereditary material

20. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Moves materials around in cell • Smooth type: lacks ribosomes • Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

21. Ribosomes • Each cell contains thousands • Make proteins • Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

22. Mitochondria • Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates • Controls level of water and other materials in cell • Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

23. Golgi Bodies • Protein 'packaging plant' • Move materials within the cell • Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

24. Lysosome • Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates • Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal • Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

25. Vacuoles • Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal • Contains water solution • Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

26. Chloroplast • Usually found in plant cells • Contains green chlorophyll • Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cell_structure_function.ppt

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Cell_structure_function.ppt