The document discusses cells and their structures. It notes that the average human contains around 100 trillion cells and even more bacteria. All living things are composed of cells, with some made of single cells and others like humans made of trillions of cells. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotes and eukaryotes. While they both have DNA and cell membranes, prokaryotes are smaller and lack membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have larger sizes and structures like the nucleus enclosed in membranes. Students then make models of prokaryotic cells and compare them to images of eukaryotic cells.

1. Cells

2. Warm Up Activity
• On page in your journal write down how many
cells you have in your body.
• The average human person’s body is composed of
around a hundred trillion cells
(100,000,000,000,000).
• But there are even MORE cells than that living in
you! You have trillions and trillions of bacteria
living in you too! (Even more bacteria than
number of cells your body is made of).

3. All living things are composed of cells
• Some organisms are composed of just one cell
(like these bacteria you can see on this slide).
• Other organisms (like plants, animals, and
humans) are composed of trillions of cells.
• To help us get a better idea of how many cells
we have, let’s take a look at this video.

4. 2 major types of cells
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Bacteria
Plants, Fungi Animals, Humans,
etc.

5. Similarities
Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell

6. • Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have DNA
(Deoxyribonucleic Acid).
• Both have a cell membrane (a layer of lipid (fat))
surrounding it to protect it from the outside
environment and control what comes in and out
of the cell.
• Both have similar things in them: carbohydrates,
proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, fats, and
vitamins.
Similarities

7. Some Differences
• Prokaryotes are OLD!!
– Scientists think they have been around for 3.5
BILLION years!
– Scientists say eukaryotes have only been around
for 1.5 billion years.
• Eukaryotes are much BIGGER!!
– In general, eukaryotes are about 10X bigger than
prokaryotes.

8. No membrane bound organelles Has membrane bound organelles
Major DifferenceS
Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell
No nucleus Has a nucleus

9. Role of the nucleus
• Almost all cells contain the genetic information
necessary for the cell (and entire organism—if it’s
composed of more than one cell) to survive. This
genetic information is DNA!
– Eukaryotes have separated this information from the
rest of the cell with a special membrane bound
organelle called a nucleus. (Eukaryote means “having
a true nucleus”.)
– Prokaryotes do NOT have this nucleus and their
genetic material is not separated from the rest of the
cell. (Prokaryote means “before a nucleus”.)

10. Today’s Activity
• You are going to be building a prokaryotic cell and
comparing your model to a picture of a eukaryotic
cell.
• Follow the directions to build your model.
• After you have built it, you will compare it to the
picture of the eukaryotic cell and list 3 similarities
and 3 differences between the two cell types.

11. Directions
• Step 1:
– Use a small piece of tape to tape a rubber band to your cell
membrane. This is your cell’s flagella (helps the cell move).
• Step 2:
– Use your hand to scoop 2-3 handfuls of Jell-o into your bag.
This is your cell’s cytoplasm (has many nutrients, proteins,
minerals and other things in it to keep the cell alive).
• Step 3:
– Add a small handful of spaghetti to your bag. This is your cell’s
DNA (codes for all the proteins your cell needs to stay alive).
• Step 4:
– Add 10-15 cheerios to your bag. These are your cell’s ribosomes
(small structures that make the protein your prokaryotic cell
needs to stay alive and do it’s job).

12. Directions

13. Use these pictures to answer the questions on your worksheet
Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell