The concepts pertaining to the structure and function of cells is presented here, with review exercises for students. The sources of illustrative diagrams and figures taken from elsewhere are mentioned.
Ch 3 – Cells (cytology) spring 2018 blankC Ebeling
This document provides an overview of cell structure and function. It begins by outlining the key learning objectives, which include describing the components of cells, comparing cells of the three domains of life, and explaining the structure and functions of eukaryotic organelles. The document then provides information on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure, describing the organelles found in animal and plant cells. It details the functions of eukaryotic organelles like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, cytoskeleton, peroxisomes, and vesicles. Finally, it discusses how cells adhere to one another and communicate through structures like anchoring junctions, tight junctions, and
All living things are made up of cells, and the appearance of each living thing is determined by the types and organization of cells. The human body functions similarly to a school, with different cell types performing specialized roles like various staff positions to ensure proper functioning. Living things organize cells into tissues and organs with similar structures and functions that work together as integrated systems.
The document provides details about a three day lesson plan for middle school EL students on cells. Day one involves introducing cell vocabulary through a PowerPoint presentation and having students label a graphic organizer and cell model. Day two has students making edible cell models using candy to represent organelles. Day three involves students describing the structures and functions of organelles to peers and explaining similarities and differences between plant and animal cells. The lesson aims to help students understand cell parts and their functions.
This document provides information about eukaryotic cells and their organelles. It begins by describing the general characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, noting that eukaryotes have membrane-bound nuclei and organelles. The document then discusses the structures and functions of key organelles in plant and animal cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi body, and others. Plant cell walls and plasmodesmata are also described. Comparisons are made between plant and animal cells.
The document discusses cells and their structure. It explains that cells are the basic unit of life and come in different shapes and sizes depending on their function. Both plant and animal cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus, but plant cells also contain additional structures. The document compares typical animal and plant cells and their organelles. It describes how cells are specialized to perform different jobs and how multicellular organisms are made up of organized systems of tissues and organs composed of groups of similar cells.
The document discusses the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, noting that eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles while prokaryotic cells do not. It then focuses on eukaryotic cells, describing the main organelles found in plant and animal cells like the nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles. The functions of these organelles are explained, with an emphasis on how they work together to carry out important processes within the cell.
Ch 3 – Cells (cytology) spring 2018 blankC Ebeling
This document provides an overview of cell structure and function. It begins by outlining the key learning objectives, which include describing the components of cells, comparing cells of the three domains of life, and explaining the structure and functions of eukaryotic organelles. The document then provides information on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure, describing the organelles found in animal and plant cells. It details the functions of eukaryotic organelles like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, cytoskeleton, peroxisomes, and vesicles. Finally, it discusses how cells adhere to one another and communicate through structures like anchoring junctions, tight junctions, and
All living things are made up of cells, and the appearance of each living thing is determined by the types and organization of cells. The human body functions similarly to a school, with different cell types performing specialized roles like various staff positions to ensure proper functioning. Living things organize cells into tissues and organs with similar structures and functions that work together as integrated systems.
The document provides details about a three day lesson plan for middle school EL students on cells. Day one involves introducing cell vocabulary through a PowerPoint presentation and having students label a graphic organizer and cell model. Day two has students making edible cell models using candy to represent organelles. Day three involves students describing the structures and functions of organelles to peers and explaining similarities and differences between plant and animal cells. The lesson aims to help students understand cell parts and their functions.
This document provides information about eukaryotic cells and their organelles. It begins by describing the general characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, noting that eukaryotes have membrane-bound nuclei and organelles. The document then discusses the structures and functions of key organelles in plant and animal cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi body, and others. Plant cell walls and plasmodesmata are also described. Comparisons are made between plant and animal cells.
The document discusses cells and their structure. It explains that cells are the basic unit of life and come in different shapes and sizes depending on their function. Both plant and animal cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus, but plant cells also contain additional structures. The document compares typical animal and plant cells and their organelles. It describes how cells are specialized to perform different jobs and how multicellular organisms are made up of organized systems of tissues and organs composed of groups of similar cells.
The document discusses the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, noting that eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles while prokaryotic cells do not. It then focuses on eukaryotic cells, describing the main organelles found in plant and animal cells like the nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles. The functions of these organelles are explained, with an emphasis on how they work together to carry out important processes within the cell.
Here is a draft paragraph you could write as a cell:
As a cell, I am the basic unit of structure and function that makes up complex organisms. Cells come together to form tissues, which then make up organs. Groups of organs working together are called organ systems. There are two main types of organisms - unicellular organisms that are single cells, and multicellular organisms made of many cells like humans. I am produced through cell division, where my parent cell divides into two new daughter cells. My main structures include a cell membrane that encloses my cytoplasm, a nucleus that controls my functions, mitochondria that provide me energy, and a vacuole for storage. Together with other cells, I form the basic tissues, organs
This document discusses the similarities and differences between animal and plant cells. It begins by explaining that cells are the basic functional units of living things and that animal and plant cells have unique structures that allow them to perform processes necessary for survival. The document then examines organelles found in both cell types such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and cell membrane. It notes that plant cells contain chloroplasts and cell walls, while animal cells do not. The document concludes by stating that while animal and plant cells share some organelles, plant cells differ in having cell walls, chloroplasts, large vacuoles, and regular shapes compared to irregular animal cell shapes.
This document discusses the similarities and differences between animal and plant cells. It begins by explaining that cells are the basic functional units of living things and have unique structures that allow them to survive. The key organelles of both cell types are then described, including their functions. Both cell types contain a nucleus, nuclear envelope, mitochondria, and cell membrane. However, plant cells also contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis, a cell wall, and large central vacuoles, while animal cells rely on cellular respiration and have irregular shapes. The document provides examples of plant and animal cells and questions to test the reader's understanding.
1) The document describes the key findings from early microscopy that led to the discovery of cells as the fundamental unit of life. Observation of plant and animal tissues under early microscopes revealed distinct membrane-bound units, termed cells, that all living things are built from.
2) Further development of light and electron microscopy revealed greater details of cell structure, such as internal organelles and membranes only a few molecules thick. This allowed biologists to understand cells' internal organization and the similarities and diversity among cell types.
3) The simplest cells, bacteria, were found to lack internal structures like organelles and nuclei, distinguishing them as prokaryotic cells, while other cells with nuclei are eukaryotic. Microscopy
This document provides an overview of the similarities and differences between animal and plant cells. It begins by defining cells as the basic functional units of living things. It then examines characteristics that can identify a cell as a plant or animal cell in images. The document goes on to define organelles and their functions in both plant and animal cells. It notes the key processes of diffusion, cellular respiration, and photosynthesis. It lists similarities between plant and animal cells like the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. Finally, it outlines four main differences - plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, large vacuoles, and regular shapes while animal cells do not.
This document provides an overview of cell structure and function. It begins with a prayer asking for wisdom in learning. It then reviews cell structure, defining a cell as the basic unit of life. Cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria lack organelles, while eukaryotic cells found in plants, animals, fungi and protists have organelles. The rest of the document details the structures and functions of organelles like the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
This document compares and contrasts animal and plant cells. It notes that cells are the basic functional units of living things and have unique forms that allow them to survive. Both cell types contain a nucleus, nuclear envelope, chromosomes, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. However, plant cells differ in that they have cell walls, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, large vacuoles, and regular shapes, while animal cells do not have these features. Key cellular processes like diffusion, cellular respiration, and photosynthesis are also discussed.
The document discusses cell structures and how cells work together in organisms. It describes the main parts of the cell including the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, lysosomes and vacuoles. It explains the functions of these organelles such as how the mitochondria produces energy, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus package proteins, and chloroplasts perform photosynthesis. The document also discusses how cells in multicellular organisms are specialized to perform different functions and how cells work together to form tissues, organs and organ systems.
Cells (The basic unit of life) and Functions. pptxgenopaolog
Cells are the basic unit of life. Eukaryotic cells, found in plants, animals, fungi and protists, have a true nucleus with a membrane and contain membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells, found in bacteria and archaea, lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Key cell structures include the cell membrane, nucleus/nucleoid, organelles, ribosomes and cytoplasm. Cells carry out essential functions like structural integrity, metabolism, genetic inheritance, reproduction, communication and homeostasis to support the organism. Understanding cells provides insight into the complexity of life.
This document discusses cell structure and function at various levels of organization:
- Cells are the basic units of life and can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles while eukaryotic cells have organelles.
- Cells specialize into tissues, organs, and systems to carry out functions like respiration and photosynthesis.
- Key cellular structures in prokaryotes and eukaryotes like the cell wall, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and nucleus are compared.
This document discusses cell differentiation and specialization. It begins with learning objectives about explaining the importance of cell differentiation and how specialized cell structure relates to function. It then asks questions about mitosis and cell growth. The document discusses how early embryonic cells are stem cells that differentiate into specialized cell types. It provides examples of how fat, muscle, and epithelial cells are specialized in structure and function. The document also discusses specialization of plant cells and has quizzes about animal and plant cell specialization.
The document discusses cellular structures and functions, comparing and contrasting prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It provides information on the organelles and their jobs in bacteria, animal, and plant cells through diagrams and charts. Key details are given on the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as explanations of the origins of the terms "prokaryote", "eukaryote", and the structures of typical prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
The document summarizes cell theory, including the basic principles that all organisms are made of cells, cells come from preexisting cells, and cells are the basic unit of life. It describes the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, with prokaryotes lacking membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus, while eukaryotes have these structures. The document also provides details on cell membranes, cytoplasm, organelles, and the cytoskeleton network within eukaryotic cells.
The document summarizes cell theory, including the major principles that all organisms are made of cells, all cells come from preexisting cells, and the cell is the basic unit of life. It describes the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, with prokaryotes lacking membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus, while eukaryotes have these structures. The document outlines some of the key organelles in eukaryotic cells, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, and membranes, and notes that organelles are surrounded by membranes and perform distinct processes.
The document summarizes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria do not have a nucleus or many organelles, while eukaryotic cells found in plants, animals and fungi have a nucleus that houses their DNA and many membrane-bound organelles that perform specialized functions. Some organelles like the cell membrane, cytoplasm and ribosomes are common to both cell types, but eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex with structures like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria that carry out important processes.
The document summarizes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria do not have a nucleus or many organelles, while eukaryotic cells found in plants, animals and fungi have a nucleus that houses their DNA and many membrane-bound organelles that perform specialized functions. Some organelles like the cell membrane, cytoplasm and ribosomes are common to both cell types, but eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex with structures like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria that carry out important processes.
The document provides an overview of cell structure and function. It defines the cell as the structural and functional unit of life and discusses non-membrane and membrane organelles. Key points include that cells come from existing cells according to the cell theory, and that cells are categorized as prokaryotic or eukaryotic based on whether their genetic material is enclosed in a nucleus. The document also summarizes some of the main organelles in plant and animal cells like the nucleus, cell membrane, chloroplasts, and mitochondria.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Here is a draft paragraph you could write as a cell:
As a cell, I am the basic unit of structure and function that makes up complex organisms. Cells come together to form tissues, which then make up organs. Groups of organs working together are called organ systems. There are two main types of organisms - unicellular organisms that are single cells, and multicellular organisms made of many cells like humans. I am produced through cell division, where my parent cell divides into two new daughter cells. My main structures include a cell membrane that encloses my cytoplasm, a nucleus that controls my functions, mitochondria that provide me energy, and a vacuole for storage. Together with other cells, I form the basic tissues, organs
This document discusses the similarities and differences between animal and plant cells. It begins by explaining that cells are the basic functional units of living things and that animal and plant cells have unique structures that allow them to perform processes necessary for survival. The document then examines organelles found in both cell types such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and cell membrane. It notes that plant cells contain chloroplasts and cell walls, while animal cells do not. The document concludes by stating that while animal and plant cells share some organelles, plant cells differ in having cell walls, chloroplasts, large vacuoles, and regular shapes compared to irregular animal cell shapes.
This document discusses the similarities and differences between animal and plant cells. It begins by explaining that cells are the basic functional units of living things and have unique structures that allow them to survive. The key organelles of both cell types are then described, including their functions. Both cell types contain a nucleus, nuclear envelope, mitochondria, and cell membrane. However, plant cells also contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis, a cell wall, and large central vacuoles, while animal cells rely on cellular respiration and have irregular shapes. The document provides examples of plant and animal cells and questions to test the reader's understanding.
1) The document describes the key findings from early microscopy that led to the discovery of cells as the fundamental unit of life. Observation of plant and animal tissues under early microscopes revealed distinct membrane-bound units, termed cells, that all living things are built from.
2) Further development of light and electron microscopy revealed greater details of cell structure, such as internal organelles and membranes only a few molecules thick. This allowed biologists to understand cells' internal organization and the similarities and diversity among cell types.
3) The simplest cells, bacteria, were found to lack internal structures like organelles and nuclei, distinguishing them as prokaryotic cells, while other cells with nuclei are eukaryotic. Microscopy
This document provides an overview of the similarities and differences between animal and plant cells. It begins by defining cells as the basic functional units of living things. It then examines characteristics that can identify a cell as a plant or animal cell in images. The document goes on to define organelles and their functions in both plant and animal cells. It notes the key processes of diffusion, cellular respiration, and photosynthesis. It lists similarities between plant and animal cells like the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. Finally, it outlines four main differences - plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, large vacuoles, and regular shapes while animal cells do not.
This document provides an overview of cell structure and function. It begins with a prayer asking for wisdom in learning. It then reviews cell structure, defining a cell as the basic unit of life. Cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria lack organelles, while eukaryotic cells found in plants, animals, fungi and protists have organelles. The rest of the document details the structures and functions of organelles like the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
This document compares and contrasts animal and plant cells. It notes that cells are the basic functional units of living things and have unique forms that allow them to survive. Both cell types contain a nucleus, nuclear envelope, chromosomes, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. However, plant cells differ in that they have cell walls, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, large vacuoles, and regular shapes, while animal cells do not have these features. Key cellular processes like diffusion, cellular respiration, and photosynthesis are also discussed.
The document discusses cell structures and how cells work together in organisms. It describes the main parts of the cell including the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, lysosomes and vacuoles. It explains the functions of these organelles such as how the mitochondria produces energy, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus package proteins, and chloroplasts perform photosynthesis. The document also discusses how cells in multicellular organisms are specialized to perform different functions and how cells work together to form tissues, organs and organ systems.
Cells (The basic unit of life) and Functions. pptxgenopaolog
Cells are the basic unit of life. Eukaryotic cells, found in plants, animals, fungi and protists, have a true nucleus with a membrane and contain membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells, found in bacteria and archaea, lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Key cell structures include the cell membrane, nucleus/nucleoid, organelles, ribosomes and cytoplasm. Cells carry out essential functions like structural integrity, metabolism, genetic inheritance, reproduction, communication and homeostasis to support the organism. Understanding cells provides insight into the complexity of life.
This document discusses cell structure and function at various levels of organization:
- Cells are the basic units of life and can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles while eukaryotic cells have organelles.
- Cells specialize into tissues, organs, and systems to carry out functions like respiration and photosynthesis.
- Key cellular structures in prokaryotes and eukaryotes like the cell wall, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and nucleus are compared.
This document discusses cell differentiation and specialization. It begins with learning objectives about explaining the importance of cell differentiation and how specialized cell structure relates to function. It then asks questions about mitosis and cell growth. The document discusses how early embryonic cells are stem cells that differentiate into specialized cell types. It provides examples of how fat, muscle, and epithelial cells are specialized in structure and function. The document also discusses specialization of plant cells and has quizzes about animal and plant cell specialization.
The document discusses cellular structures and functions, comparing and contrasting prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It provides information on the organelles and their jobs in bacteria, animal, and plant cells through diagrams and charts. Key details are given on the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as explanations of the origins of the terms "prokaryote", "eukaryote", and the structures of typical prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
The document summarizes cell theory, including the basic principles that all organisms are made of cells, cells come from preexisting cells, and cells are the basic unit of life. It describes the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, with prokaryotes lacking membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus, while eukaryotes have these structures. The document also provides details on cell membranes, cytoplasm, organelles, and the cytoskeleton network within eukaryotic cells.
The document summarizes cell theory, including the major principles that all organisms are made of cells, all cells come from preexisting cells, and the cell is the basic unit of life. It describes the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, with prokaryotes lacking membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus, while eukaryotes have these structures. The document outlines some of the key organelles in eukaryotic cells, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, and membranes, and notes that organelles are surrounded by membranes and perform distinct processes.
The document summarizes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria do not have a nucleus or many organelles, while eukaryotic cells found in plants, animals and fungi have a nucleus that houses their DNA and many membrane-bound organelles that perform specialized functions. Some organelles like the cell membrane, cytoplasm and ribosomes are common to both cell types, but eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex with structures like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria that carry out important processes.
The document summarizes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria do not have a nucleus or many organelles, while eukaryotic cells found in plants, animals and fungi have a nucleus that houses their DNA and many membrane-bound organelles that perform specialized functions. Some organelles like the cell membrane, cytoplasm and ribosomes are common to both cell types, but eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex with structures like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria that carry out important processes.
The document provides an overview of cell structure and function. It defines the cell as the structural and functional unit of life and discusses non-membrane and membrane organelles. Key points include that cells come from existing cells according to the cell theory, and that cells are categorized as prokaryotic or eukaryotic based on whether their genetic material is enclosed in a nucleus. The document also summarizes some of the main organelles in plant and animal cells like the nucleus, cell membrane, chloroplasts, and mitochondria.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
2. Learning goals:
• Cells as structural and func.onal units of an organism.
• What defines a cell?
• What cons.tutes a cell? What is the role played by each of the cons.tuents?
• How do cells perform their func.on?
• How do cells connect with other cells to perform a specific func.on?
• How do cells interact with their environment and neighbors to elicit a par.cular
cellular response?
Cell structure and Func7on
Arpita Banerjee
21. Exercise: Mul.ple Choice ques.ons
1. Where is the gene.c material of an organism stored in the cell?
(a) Mitochondria (b) Nucleus (c) Mitochondria and nucleus (d) Ribosome (e) cell membrane
2. Which organelle in plant cells carry out photosynthesis?
(a) Mitochondria (b) Nucleus (c) Mitochondria and nucleus (d) Chloroplast (e) Endoplasmic Re.culum.
3. Where does protein synthesis occur in cells?
(a) Mitochondria (b) Nucleus (c) cell membrane (d) Chloroplast (e) Endoplasmic Re.culum.
4. How does cell wall differ from cell membrane in plant cells? Check all that are true.
(a) Cell walls are harder and less permeable (b) Cell walls are harder and more permeable (c) Cell
membranes are harder and less permeable (d) Cell membranes are harder and more permeable.
(e) Cell membranes are soNer and less permeable.
5. What will happen to a cell when placed in a salty solu.on? Check all that are true.
(a) The cell will absorb water and swell (b) The cell will release water and contract (c) The cell will absorb
water and contract (d) The cell will release water and swell (e) The cell will remain the same.
Cell structure and Func7on
Arpita Banerjee