CDominguez - Diagraming
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This document provides an introduction to sentence diagramming. It explains that sentence diagramming uses lines to visually separate the parts of a sentence in order to better understand grammar and structure. The document demonstrates how to diagram simple subjects, verbs, direct objects, adjectives, and prepositional phrases. Examples of diagramming various sentences are provided. Readers are encouraged to practice diagramming their own sentences.
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clauses
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2) Anaphoric reference means a word refers back to earlier ideas or elements in the text.
3) Reference through synonyms occurs when an element is referred to using a synonym later in the text to avoid repetition.
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The document discusses different types of clauses that are the building blocks of sentences. It defines independent clauses as clauses that can stand alone as a sentence, and dependent clauses as clauses that cannot stand alone and depend on an independent clause for meaning. It provides examples of independent clauses and explains the different types of dependent clauses, including noun clauses, adverb clauses, and adjective clauses. It emphasizes that understanding clauses is important for avoiding errors in sentence structure and punctuation.
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clauses
The document discusses different types of clauses that are the building blocks of sentences. It defines independent clauses as clauses that can stand alone as a sentence, and dependent clauses as clauses that cannot stand alone and depend on an independent clause for meaning. It provides examples of independent clauses and describes three main types of dependent clauses: noun clauses, adverb clauses, and adjective clauses. It emphasizes that understanding clauses is important for avoiding errors in sentence structure and punctuation.
Clauses
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The document discusses different types of clauses that are the building blocks of sentences. It defines independent clauses as clauses that can stand alone as a sentence, and dependent clauses as clauses that cannot stand alone and depend on an independent clause for meaning. It provides examples of independent clauses and describes three main types of dependent clauses: noun clauses, adverb clauses, and adjective clauses. It emphasizes that understanding clauses is important for avoiding errors in sentence structure and punctuation.
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This document discusses different types of sentences:
1. Simple sentences contain one finite verb and can be statements, commands, or questions. They are straightforward but using many in a row can become monotonous.
2. Compound sentences join two or more independent clauses with coordinating conjunctions like "and", "but", or "or". They allow for more concise writing than multiple simple sentences.
3. Complex sentences contain one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses, joined by subordinating conjunctions like "although", "because", or "while". They add variety and subtlety to writing.
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The document discusses the conjunctions "and" in English and [WA] in Arabic. It notes that while "and" is used for coordinating sentences in English, Arabic is a paratactic language. It then provides tables showing the frequency of different uses of "and" in English corpora. Next, it examines different linguistic analyses of the functions of "and" and [WA]. While "and" and [WA] can replace each other in some cases, there are also differences in their uses related to concepts like temporal sequence. The relationship between the functions of "and" and [WA] is complex with both being semantically regulated.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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The document provides a series of pictures with writing prompts requiring the use of specific grammar rules and parts of speech. For each picture, the student must write a sentence using the designated grammar rules, parts of speech, and being related to the picture. Various grammar rules are tested through this exercise, including rules regarding commas, colons, dashes, semicolons, hyphens, italics, quotation marks, and identifying adjectives, adverbs, verbs, and prepositional phrases. The goal is to assess the student's mastery of grammar through creative sentence construction related to images.
Four kinds of clauses revised
This document defines and provides examples of different types of clauses:
- Independent clauses can stand alone as a complete sentence. Compound sentences join two independent clauses with a conjunction.
- Adverb clauses add information about the main clause and begin with subordinating conjunctions or expressions like "before", "because", or "if".
- Adjective clauses modify nouns and usually begin with relative pronouns like "who" or "that".
- Noun clauses can be used as subjects, objects, or objects of prepositions and usually begin with "that" or a question word.
Three kinds of clauses
This document discusses different types of clauses: adjective clauses modify nouns and usually begin with a relative pronoun; adverb clauses provide more information about the main clause and begin with a subordinating conjunction; and noun clauses replace nouns in sentences and usually begin with "that" or a question word. Examples are provided for each type of clause to illustrate their structures and functions. Some words like "when" can be used to introduce different clause types depending on their role in the sentence.
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This document discusses different types of clauses, including independent clauses that can stand alone as sentences and dependent clauses that cannot. It provides examples of independent clauses and describes three types of dependent clauses: noun clauses, adverb clauses, and adjective clauses. It explains how clauses are building blocks that can be combined in various ways to form complex sentences.
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This document discusses different linguistic concepts related to words, sentences, and dictionaries. It describes how language can be divided into different sized pieces, from sounds to utterances. Words are considered the basic units of language. Dictionaries provide translations of words and information about meanings, grammar, and pronunciation to look up words. Some linguistic items like idioms and collocations have unpredictable meanings that are figured based on common usage rather than the literal definition of the words. Idioms are phrases with figurative meanings, while collocations refer to words that commonly go together, like "hard work." Proverbs are also discussed as traditional sayings whose conventional interpretation differs from the literal meaning.
A09 w clauses
The document discusses different types of clauses that are the building blocks of sentences. It defines independent clauses as clauses that can stand alone as a sentence, and dependent clauses as clauses that cannot stand alone and depend on an independent clause for meaning. It provides examples of independent clauses and explains the different types of dependent clauses, including noun clauses, adverb clauses, and adjective clauses. It emphasizes that understanding clauses is important for avoiding errors in sentence structure and punctuation.
Clauses
The document discusses different types of clauses that are the building blocks of sentences. It defines independent clauses as clauses that can stand alone as a sentence, and dependent clauses as clauses that cannot stand alone and depend on an independent clause for meaning. It provides examples of independent clauses and describes three main types of dependent clauses: noun clauses, adverb clauses, and adjective clauses. It emphasizes that understanding clauses is important for avoiding errors in sentence structure and punctuation.
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The document discusses different types of clauses that are the building blocks of sentences. It defines independent clauses as clauses that can stand alone as a sentence, and dependent clauses as clauses that cannot stand alone and depend on an independent clause for meaning. It provides examples of independent clauses and describes three main types of dependent clauses: noun clauses, adverb clauses, and adjective clauses. It emphasizes that understanding clauses is important for avoiding errors in sentence structure and punctuation.
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The document discusses different types of clauses that are the building blocks of sentences. It defines independent clauses as clauses that can stand alone as a sentence, and dependent clauses as clauses that cannot stand alone and depend on an independent clause for meaning. It provides examples of independent clauses and describes three main types of dependent clauses: noun clauses, adverb clauses, and adjective clauses. It emphasizes that understanding clauses is important for avoiding errors in sentence structure and punctuation.
clauses
The document discusses different types of clauses that are the building blocks of sentences. It defines independent clauses as clauses that can stand alone as a sentence, and dependent clauses as clauses that cannot stand alone and depend on an independent clause for meaning. It provides examples of independent clauses and describes three main types of dependent clauses: noun clauses, adverb clauses, and adjective clauses. It emphasizes that understanding clauses is important for avoiding errors in sentence structure and punctuation.
Clauses
The document discusses different types of clauses that are the building blocks of sentences. It defines independent clauses as clauses that can stand alone as a sentence, and dependent clauses as clauses that cannot stand alone and depend on an independent clause for meaning. It provides examples of independent clauses and describes three main types of dependent clauses: noun clauses, adverb clauses, and adjective clauses. It emphasizes that understanding clauses is important for avoiding errors in sentence structure and punctuation.
Clauses.pps
The document discusses different types of clauses that are the building blocks of sentences. It defines independent clauses as clauses that can stand alone as a sentence, and dependent clauses as clauses that cannot stand alone and depend on an independent clause for meaning. It provides examples of independent clauses and describes three main types of dependent clauses: noun clauses, adverb clauses, and adjective clauses. It emphasizes that understanding clauses is important for avoiding errors in sentence structure and punctuation.
Sentences - an introduction
This document discusses different types of sentences:
1. Simple sentences contain one finite verb and can be statements, commands, or questions. They are straightforward but using many in a row can become monotonous.
2. Compound sentences join two or more independent clauses with coordinating conjunctions like "and", "but", or "or". They allow for more concise writing than multiple simple sentences.
3. Complex sentences contain one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses, joined by subordinating conjunctions like "although", "because", or "while". They add variety and subtlety to writing.
The English ‘and’ and its counterparts in Arabic
The document discusses the conjunctions "and" in English and [WA] in Arabic. It notes that while "and" is used for coordinating sentences in English, Arabic is a paratactic language. It then provides tables showing the frequency of different uses of "and" in English corpora. Next, it examines different linguistic analyses of the functions of "and" and [WA]. While "and" and [WA] can replace each other in some cases, there are also differences in their uses related to concepts like temporal sequence. The relationship between the functions of "and" and [WA] is complex with both being semantically regulated.
Metonymy in Stylistics
Metonymy is a figure of speech where an associated thing or concept is referred to by the name of something else closely related to it. It is commonly used in both literature and everyday speech. For example, "pen" can stand in for "written word" and "sword" for "military aggression." Metonymy is based on an understood association between the thing referenced and the thing used for reference, unlike metaphor which relies on analogy. Examples of common metonymic references include "Hollywood" for the American film industry. Its main purpose is to add variety and interest to writing rather than repetitive phrasing.
Clauses
The document discusses different types of clauses that are the building blocks of sentences. It defines independent clauses as clauses that can stand alone as a sentence, and dependent clauses as clauses that cannot stand alone and depend on an independent clause for meaning. It provides examples of independent clauses and describes three main types of dependent clauses: noun clauses, adverb clauses, and adjective clauses. It emphasizes that understanding clauses is important for avoiding errors in sentence structure and punctuation.
Some Summary of Morphology
This document discusses words, sentences, and dictionaries. It makes several key points:
- Words can be the basic building blocks of language and sentences, but a sentence does not always need multiple words and can consist of a single word command.
- There is a distinction between a word as a type and its occurrences as tokens. The same word can appear as different tokens in a sentence.
- Not all words have unpredictable meanings that need to be defined in a dictionary. Some words have predictable meanings based on their sounds.
- Idioms and phrases can have meanings that are unpredictable from the individual words. Larger linguistic units like proverbs can also have non-literal meanings.
- Not
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
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Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
CDominguez - Diagraming
- 1. Sentence Diagramming 1 Sentence Diagramming Carlos Domínguez
- 2. Sentence Diagramming 2 This will introduce you to the basics of sentence diagramming and help you begin diagramming sentences on your own! When we finish, you should be able to diagram simple subjects, verbs, direct objects, adjectives, and prepositional phrases! CarlosCarlos DomínguezDomínguez
- 3. Sentence Diagramming 3 Who started it? Brainerd Kellogg and Alonzo Reed wrote a book in 1899 called Graded Lessons in English . In it, they supported use of diagramming as a way to understand grammar and sentence structure. Check out an old diagram CarlosCarlos DomínguezDomínguez
- 4. Sentence Diagramming 4 What does it mean to diagram a sentence? A sentence diagram is a different way to look at the parts of a sentence. You use lines to separate the sentence into its parts. It’s a great way to let you see the parts of a sentence that we talk about every day and to understand how things fit together to make a sentence. CarlosCarlos DomínguezDomínguez
- 5. Sentence Diagramming 5 To start, draw a “T” on your paper Remember: Only capitalize words that are capitalized in the sentence! CarlosCarlos DomínguezDomínguez
- 6. Sentence Diagramming 6 Adjectives go on slanted lines underneath the words they describe. simple subject verb adjective adjective CarlosCarlos DomínguezDomínguez
- 7. Sentence Diagramming 7 Direct Objects (DO) follow a half line that is after the verb. verb simple subject direct object CarlosCarlos DomínguezDomínguez
- 8. Sentence Diagramming 8 Example: Bob saw Susie. Bob saw Susie CarlosCarlos DomínguezDomínguez
- 9. Sentence Diagramming 9 Prepositional phrases are shown under the words they modify with a slanted line for the preposition and a straight line for its object. prep. obj. of prep. adjectiveCarlosCarlos DomínguezDomínguez
- 10. Sentence Diagramming 10 Example: Bob saw Susie at the store. Bob saw at the store Susie CarlosCarlos DomínguezDomínguez
- 11. Sentence Diagramming 11 Let’s Review… • Diagramming sentences is another way to understand grammar and sentence structure. • Simple subjects and verbs go on a horizontal line, separated by a vertical line. • Adjectives go under the words they modify. • Direct objects go after a half vertical line that follows the verb. CarlosCarlos DomínguezDomínguez
- 12. Sentence Diagramming 12 Quiz Time! Click the letter of the correct diagram for this sentence: The dog chased the cat. a. b. c. d. The chased the dog cat dog chased cat The the dog chased the The cat The chased cat dog the CarlosCarlos DomínguezDomínguez
- 13. Sentence Diagramming 13 Quiz Time: #2 Click the letter of the correct diagram for this sentence: The nice man drove his car. a. b. c. d. The drove his man car nice man drove his The car nice man drove car nice his the man drove car The his nice CarlosCarlos DomínguezDomínguez
- 14. Sentence Diagramming 14 Click the letter of the correct diagram for this sentence: I ate dinner at the restaurant. a. b. c. d. Quiz Time: #3 I ate dinner restaurant the. at I ate restaurant dinner the. at dinner ate I restaurant the. at I ate dinner restaurant the. at CarlosCarlos DomínguezDomínguez
- 15. Sentence Diagramming 15 Want more??????? For more examples and a presentation on diagramming all the parts of a sentence. For more advanced topics and practice exercises that you can do and check your answers. CarlosCarlos DomínguezDomínguez