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Clauses: Building Blocks  for Sentences What is a clause? A clause is a group of related words containing a  subject  and a  verb . It is different from a  phrase  in that a phrase does not include a subject and a verb relationship. There are many different kinds of clauses. It would be helpful to review some of the grammar vocabulary we use to talk about clauses. Words and phrases  in  this color  are hyperlinks to the  Guide to Grammar & Writing .
Clauses: Building Blocks  for Sentences Clauses go by many names. Here are some definitions:   1 .   Independent:  A clause that can stand by itself and still make sense. An independent clause could be its own sentence, but is often part of a larger structure, combined with other independent clauses and with dependent clauses. Independent clauses are sometimes called  essential  or  restrictive  clauses. 2 .   Dependent:  A clause that cannot stand by itself. It depends on something else, an independent clause, for its meaning. A dependent clause trying to stand by itself would be a  sentence fragment . Dependent clauses are sometimes called  subordinate ,  nonessential,  or  nonrestrictive  clauses. We will review the different kinds of dependent clauses.
Clauses: Building Blocks  for Sentences And here are some examples of independent clauses . . . .   1 .   Independent clauses: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],This last sentence deserves further attention . . . .
Clauses: Building Blocks  for Sentences Notice that this sentence consists of a very brief  independent  clause followed by a long and complex  dependent  clause. ,[object Object],The dependent clause begins with what is called a subordinating conjunction. This causes the clause to be dependent upon the rest of the sentence for its meaning; it cannot stand by itself. More on dependent clauses in a moment. . . .
Clauses: Building Blocks  for Sentences Independent clauses can be connected in a variety of ways: 1. By a comma and little  conjunction  ( and, but, or, nor, for, yet,  and sometimes  so ). 2. By a  semicolon , by itself. 3. By a semicolon accompanied by a  conjunctive adverb  (such as  however, moreover, nevertheless, as a result, consequently , etc.). 4. And, of course, independent clauses are often not connected by punctuation at all but are separated by a period.
Clauses: Building Blocks  for Sentences Dependent clauses  can be identified and classified according to their role in the sentence. Noun clauses  do anything that a noun can do. They can be subjects, objects, and objects of prepositions. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clauses: Building Blocks  for Sentences Dependent clauses  can be identified and classified according to their role in the sentence. ADVERB CLAUSES  tend to tell us something about the sentence’s main verb: when, why, under what conditions. ,[object Object],[object Object],Notice how the dependent clauses begin with “dependent words,” words that subordinate what follows to the rest of the sentence. These words are also called subordinating conjunctions.
Clauses: Building Blocks  for Sentences Dependent clauses  can be identified and classified according to their role in the sentence. ADJECTIVE  CLAUSES  modify nouns or pronouns in the rest of the sentence.. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Notice, now, how the  subject  is often separated from its  verb  by information represented by the dependent clause.
Clauses: Building Blocks  for Sentences Sometimes an adjective clause has no subject other than the relative pronoun that introduces the clauses. The Internet was started in 1969 under a contract let by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)  which connected  four major computers at universities in the southwestern US (UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, UCSB, and the University of Utah). Such clauses — all beginning with “which,” “that,” or a form of “who” — are also known as RELATIVE CLAUSES. The relative pronoun serves as the subject of the dependent clause and relates to some word or idea in the independent clause.
Clauses: Building Blocks  for Sentences Understanding CLAUSES and how they are connected within the larger structure of your sentence will help you avoid Sentence Fragments Run-on Sentences and make it possible for you to punctuate your sentences properly and write confidently with a  variety of sentence structures . Don’t forget to take the quizzes listed at the end of the section on clauses. and
Created By Waheed Ramzan &Tahawar Abbas

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Clauses

  • 1. Clauses: Building Blocks for Sentences What is a clause? A clause is a group of related words containing a subject and a verb . It is different from a phrase in that a phrase does not include a subject and a verb relationship. There are many different kinds of clauses. It would be helpful to review some of the grammar vocabulary we use to talk about clauses. Words and phrases in this color are hyperlinks to the Guide to Grammar & Writing .
  • 2. Clauses: Building Blocks for Sentences Clauses go by many names. Here are some definitions: 1 . Independent: A clause that can stand by itself and still make sense. An independent clause could be its own sentence, but is often part of a larger structure, combined with other independent clauses and with dependent clauses. Independent clauses are sometimes called essential or restrictive clauses. 2 . Dependent: A clause that cannot stand by itself. It depends on something else, an independent clause, for its meaning. A dependent clause trying to stand by itself would be a sentence fragment . Dependent clauses are sometimes called subordinate , nonessential, or nonrestrictive clauses. We will review the different kinds of dependent clauses.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Clauses: Building Blocks for Sentences Independent clauses can be connected in a variety of ways: 1. By a comma and little conjunction ( and, but, or, nor, for, yet, and sometimes so ). 2. By a semicolon , by itself. 3. By a semicolon accompanied by a conjunctive adverb (such as however, moreover, nevertheless, as a result, consequently , etc.). 4. And, of course, independent clauses are often not connected by punctuation at all but are separated by a period.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. Clauses: Building Blocks for Sentences Sometimes an adjective clause has no subject other than the relative pronoun that introduces the clauses. The Internet was started in 1969 under a contract let by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) which connected four major computers at universities in the southwestern US (UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, UCSB, and the University of Utah). Such clauses — all beginning with “which,” “that,” or a form of “who” — are also known as RELATIVE CLAUSES. The relative pronoun serves as the subject of the dependent clause and relates to some word or idea in the independent clause.
  • 10. Clauses: Building Blocks for Sentences Understanding CLAUSES and how they are connected within the larger structure of your sentence will help you avoid Sentence Fragments Run-on Sentences and make it possible for you to punctuate your sentences properly and write confidently with a variety of sentence structures . Don’t forget to take the quizzes listed at the end of the section on clauses. and
  • 11. Created By Waheed Ramzan &Tahawar Abbas