Class 12 Cbse Biology Sample Paper 2012-13Sunaina Rawat
- Develop extensive root systems to absorb water from deeper soil layers.
du
- Have thick cuticle and sunken stomata to reduce transpiration.
- Possess water storage tissues like succulents.
.e
- Droop or shed leaves during drought.
w
w
Animals:
- Migrate to areas with available water.
w
- Enter state of aestivation or hibernation during drought.
- Concentrate urine to reduce water loss.
- Obtain water from metabolic processes like respiration.
28. (a) Labelled diagram of sectional view of human ovary showing:
- Ovarian surface
1. The document is a sample biology exam paper for Class XII consisting of 5 sections with a total of 26 questions. It provides instructions for the exam, including question types and number of marks for each.
2. The sections cover very short answer (1 mark), short answer I (2 marks), short answer II (3 marks), value based question (4 marks), and long answer questions (5 marks). Sample questions are provided covering topics in biology.
3. Detailed instructions are given about the number and type of questions, internal choices available, and general guidelines for answering the paper.
CBSE XII BIOLOGY SAMPLE PAPER BY KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA Gautham Rajesh
This document provides a sample question paper format for Class 12 Biology exam. It includes the exam structure, marking scheme, unit-wise weightage and distribution of questions. The paper will be of 70 marks and 3 hours duration. It will have questions in 4 sections - very short answer (8 marks), short answer I (20 marks), short answer II (27 marks) and long answer (15 marks). The topics covered are Reproduction, Genetics and Evolution, Biology in human welfare, Biotechnology and Ecology. The question paper aims to include 3-5 marks worth of value based questions to test various ethical and social issues. A blue print provides the breakdown of number and type of questions from each unit across the sections.
This document contains a biology exam with 44 multiple choice questions covering topics like biological organization, elements that make up living organisms, cell structures, plant and animal classification, evolution, and plant physiology. The questions test fundamental concepts in these subject areas and each question is followed by the correct multiple choice answer.
This study characterized the plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae using genetic analysis techniques. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of 34 isolates from different host plants and geographic regions identified 79 distinct genetic markers that clustered the isolates into two main groups. One group consisted primarily of isolates from oilseed rape, while the other comprised isolates from a diverse range of host plants. Sequencing of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene integrated V. dahliae into the sexual system of filamentous ascomycetes fungi. The study investigated genetic diversity and phylogenetic position of V. dahliae.
Class 12 Cbse Biology Sample Paper 2012-13Sunaina Rawat
- Develop extensive root systems to absorb water from deeper soil layers.
du
- Have thick cuticle and sunken stomata to reduce transpiration.
- Possess water storage tissues like succulents.
.e
- Droop or shed leaves during drought.
w
w
Animals:
- Migrate to areas with available water.
w
- Enter state of aestivation or hibernation during drought.
- Concentrate urine to reduce water loss.
- Obtain water from metabolic processes like respiration.
28. (a) Labelled diagram of sectional view of human ovary showing:
- Ovarian surface
1. The document is a sample biology exam paper for Class XII consisting of 5 sections with a total of 26 questions. It provides instructions for the exam, including question types and number of marks for each.
2. The sections cover very short answer (1 mark), short answer I (2 marks), short answer II (3 marks), value based question (4 marks), and long answer questions (5 marks). Sample questions are provided covering topics in biology.
3. Detailed instructions are given about the number and type of questions, internal choices available, and general guidelines for answering the paper.
CBSE XII BIOLOGY SAMPLE PAPER BY KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA Gautham Rajesh
This document provides a sample question paper format for Class 12 Biology exam. It includes the exam structure, marking scheme, unit-wise weightage and distribution of questions. The paper will be of 70 marks and 3 hours duration. It will have questions in 4 sections - very short answer (8 marks), short answer I (20 marks), short answer II (27 marks) and long answer (15 marks). The topics covered are Reproduction, Genetics and Evolution, Biology in human welfare, Biotechnology and Ecology. The question paper aims to include 3-5 marks worth of value based questions to test various ethical and social issues. A blue print provides the breakdown of number and type of questions from each unit across the sections.
This document contains a biology exam with 44 multiple choice questions covering topics like biological organization, elements that make up living organisms, cell structures, plant and animal classification, evolution, and plant physiology. The questions test fundamental concepts in these subject areas and each question is followed by the correct multiple choice answer.
This study characterized the plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae using genetic analysis techniques. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of 34 isolates from different host plants and geographic regions identified 79 distinct genetic markers that clustered the isolates into two main groups. One group consisted primarily of isolates from oilseed rape, while the other comprised isolates from a diverse range of host plants. Sequencing of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene integrated V. dahliae into the sexual system of filamentous ascomycetes fungi. The study investigated genetic diversity and phylogenetic position of V. dahliae.
This document describes a study that sequenced the 23S rRNA gene of Campylobacter coli VC167 and analyzed its sequence and structure. It found that the gene contained a 147 bp transcribed spacer that resulted in fragmented 23S rRNA. Analysis of 31 other C. coli and C. jejuni strains found that 69% contained a transcribed spacer of 147 bp or 37 bp, also producing fragmented 23S rRNA. Phylogenetic analysis placed Campylobacter in the epsilon subdivision of Proteobacteria based on signatures in the 23S rRNA at positions 270 and 1850.
Validation of reference genes in leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa in...IJEAB
Atta sexdens rubropilosa is an important leaf-cutting ant species considered as a pest in agricultural crop or reforestation areas. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a technique that can help us to understand the regulation and the function of a gene. However, its reliability depend on the data normalization. Different normalization strategies can be adopted for qPCR, reference genes has been cited as one of the most effective methods. It has not been identified a universal reference for all organism and experiment. In this way, the validation of reference gene is crucial step. This is the first study to evaluate reference genes for leaf-cutting ants. To this, we analyzed the expression levels of candidate reference genes (act, ef1-alpha, ef1-beta, GAPDH and rpl18) in different developmental stages (larva, pupa and worker) and tissues (head, mesosoma and worker without gaster) of A. sexdens rubropilosa. Four different algorithms (BestKeeper, geNorm, NormFinder and comparative ΔCt method) were used in statistical analysis of the stability of the genes and RefFinder was used to propose a consensus list for ranking the reference genes. Our results showed that the most suitable combinations of reference gene candidates were rpl18 and ef1-alpha for the different developmental stages and rpl18 and ef1-beta for the different tissues. In this work, we also report the obtaining from a putative acetylcholinesterase from A.sexdens rubropilosa (GenBank KY464935), which was used as a target gene to confirm the reliability of reference genes suggested.
This document contains multiple choice questions about viruses, bacteria, and cyanobacteria. It begins with 7 questions about the basic nature and discoveries of these microorganisms. The next 15 questions require selecting the microorganism that matches the statement from options for viruses, bacteria, cyanobacteria, or multiple choices. The following questions cover the composition and characteristics of viruses and bacteria such as their size, shape, and whether they contain DNA, RNA, or both. The document concludes with an answer key for all 35 questions.
This document discusses allele mining as an advanced technique for crop improvement. It begins by defining allele mining as searching for different alleles located at the same locus. It then outlines several key steps and techniques for allele mining, including Eco-TILLING based allele mining, sequencing based allele mining, and association mapping based allele mining. The document provides details on each technique, including requirements, procedures, advantages, and examples of crops studied. It emphasizes that allele mining is important for unlocking genetic variation stored in germplasm collections in order to develop crops with improved traits.
The document summarizes the identification of six hemocyte cell types in Culex quinquefasciatus by light and transmission electron microscopy:
1) Prohemocytes, the smallest hemocytes, with a large central nucleus and few organelles. They represent 9.3% of hemocytes.
2) Spherulocytes, small hemocytes with numerous spherules containing a lamellar pattern and dense core. They are 1.6% of hemocytes.
3) Adipohemocytes, rare cells with a large nucleolated nucleus, cytoplasm containing organelles and lipid inclusions. They are 0.8% of hemocytes.
4) Oenocytoids
The document describes a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by the Earth Microbiome Project (EMP) that used coordinated protocols and analytical methods to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. By tracking individual bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences across multiple studies, the analysis resulted in both a reference database providing global context to DNA sequence data and an analytical framework for incorporating future study data to further characterize Earth's microbial diversity. The meta-analysis found that standardized environmental descriptors and new analytical methods, particularly using exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enabled comparisons across studies and exploration of large-scale ecological patterns.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Genome–Wide Analysis and Expression Pattern of the AP2/ERF Gene Family in Kiw...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
—APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factors play important roles in the response to abiotic stresses. It is now possible to identify all of the AP2/ERF genes in the kiwifruit genome because the kiwifruit genome project has been completed. 183 AP2/ERF genes were identified and compared with AP2/ERF genes from Arabidopsis in this study. The 183 AP2/ERF kiwifruit genes were classified into four subfamilies: DREB (64), ERF (94), AP2 (19) and RAV (5), as well as one soloist. RNA-sequence and Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis results showed that 20 genes were responsive to waterlogging stress, suggesting that AP2/ERF transcription factors play important roles in the response to waterlogging stress in kiwifruit
This study examined the interaction between maize lipoxygenase mutants (lox3-3, lox3-4, lox5-2, lox5-3) and Aspergillus flavus oxygenase mutants (Δlox, ΔppoA, ΔppoC, ΔppoD) to understand the role of oxylipin signaling. Kernel bioassays showed that lox3-4 and lox5-3 mutants supported increased fungal growth and conidiation compared to wild-type maize. The A. flavus mutants displayed variable interactions with the plant mutants, indicating specific functions of individual plant and fungal oxygenases in the interaction. This research aims to elucidate
This document summarizes a study that reconstructed 7,903 bacterial and archaeal genomes from over 1,500 public metagenomes. Key findings include:
- The genomes increase phylogenetic diversity of bacterial and archaeal trees by over 30% and provide first representatives for 17 bacterial and 3 archaeal candidate phyla.
- 245 genomes were recovered from the Patescibacteria superphylum.
- The genomes vary substantially in quality, with 43.5% considered near-complete, 43.8% medium quality, and 12.7% partial.
- The genomes expand representation of underrepresented phyla like Aminicenantes, Gemmatimonadetes, and Lentisphaera
Detection of variability in xanthomonas campestris pv.srajanlko
This study analyzed 19 strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae (Xcmi) collected from different regions in India to detect variability. The strains were tested based on their pathogenicity on 9 mango varieties, reaction to 9 antibiotics, and growth in 5 culture media. The results revealed variability among the strains in their reactions. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the strains into clusters based on the detection methods. Notably, strains collected from Bihar exhibited more similarity to each other and clustered together across the detection methods, indicating geographic specificity. However, the clustering patterns also showed that the evolutionary trends of some strains are not solely dependent on geographic origin. Overall, the study demonstrated genetic diversity among the Xcm
Both fungi and algae are eukaryotes. Fungi are heterotrophs that lack chloroplasts and can be multicellular with coenocytic hyphae. They store food as glycogen and include examples like mushrooms, yeasts, and molds. Fungi are important decomposers and sources of antibiotics. Algae are classified based on pigments and can be unicellular or multicellular. They contain chloroplasts and store food as starch. Some fungi cause diseases in plants and humans while others are used to make antibiotics, alcohol, and mushrooms are eaten.
Ninth class biology mcqs ( classification of living organisms)Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur
This document contains a poem about how one's perception of the passage of time changes based on their mental state, followed by a chapter of biology multiple choice questions. The questions cover topics like scientific naming conventions, taxonomy, kingdoms of life, and basic cell structures. C. Linnaeus is identified as introducing binomial nomenclature. The document provides a practice test on foundational concepts in biology.
1) The study isolated and identified soil microbes from an area affected by an underground mine fire in Centralia, Pennsylvania that has been burning since 1962.
2) Unique bacterial colonies were isolated from soil samples taken at different temperatures. Through DNA sequencing, isolates were identified as species of Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Streptomyces, and potentially a novel Geobacillus species.
3) Further analysis of a Geobacillus isolate (unknown 2) that showed antimicrobial properties suggests it may produce a thermostable antibiotic and represent a novel Geobacillus species adapted to high soil temperatures due to the mine fire.
Tetrad analysis is a technique used to study genetic linkage in fungi and other lower eukaryotes. During meiosis in these organisms, four haploid spores, known as a tetrad, are produced. If spores remain in ordered linear formations, called ordered tetrads, the arrangement allows mapping of genes relative to centromeres. If spores are randomly mixed in unordered tetrads, patterns of allele segregation can determine if two genes are linked. Analysis of tetrad segregation patterns is used to calculate genetic distance between loci.
This document discusses groundnuts (peanuts), including their origins, classification, breeding objectives, and varieties used in Tamil Nadu. It notes that groundnuts are an allotetraploid species that likely originated from a cross between A. cardinasi and A. batizoccoi. The main objectives for breeding groundnuts in Tamil Nadu are to develop high yielding bunch varieties resistant to drought, diseases like rust and leaf spot, and pests. Popular high yielding varieties for Tamil Nadu include Co1, Co2, ALR2, TMV2, and VRI series varieties.
The document summarizes a study conducted by a biology student that found antibiotic-resistant bacteria present in higher numbers in February compared to October at a local daycare center in North Carolina. Swabs were taken from various surfaces in a toddler room in the fall and winter. Five bacterial species showing resistance to multiple antibiotics were identified in October, compared to fourteen species in February. The student used microscopy, biochemical testing, and DNA sequencing to identify the bacteria isolated. The results indicate antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a legitimate health threat in daycare centers.
Phenotypic and genotypic typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is...Intissar Guedda
This study investigated the occurrence of Salmonella in poultry farms in Tunisia. Samples were collected from eight farms and 21 Salmonella isolates were found, with 16 being Salmonella Enteritidis. Genotypic analysis showed that 12 of the S. Enteritidis isolates belonged to the same pulsotype X1 and were found in four different farms, indicating a dominant clone. Plasmid profiling revealed four profiles among the isolates, with the most common containing a 54kb plasmid. The results demonstrate the presence of a common S. Enteritidis clone in multiple Tunisian poultry farms.
This document proposes a study on factors of resistance in maize plants against the spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus. The study will assess molecular diversity and biochemical/nutrient levels in maize cultivars to establish correlations with borer infestation levels. It will also examine physical resistance factors like plant architecture, stem diameter, and leaf trichome density. The research will involve growing 26 maize genotypes and quantifying borer damage, molecular profiles, nutrient levels, and physical traits to identify sources of resistance.
This document provides the instructions and content for a sample biology exam consisting of 26 questions across 5 sections (A-E). Section A contains 5 short answer questions worth 1 mark each. Section B contains 5 short answer questions worth 2 marks each. Section C contains 11 short answer questions worth 3 marks each. Section D contains 1 value-based question worth 4 marks. Section E contains 3 long answer questions worth 5 marks each, with internal choices provided. The document provides examples of question content assessing topics such as tissue culture, cellular defense mechanisms, assisted reproduction techniques, PCR, genetics, evolution, disease, biotechnology, and ecosystems.
This document provides the instructions and content for a sample biology exam consisting of 26 questions across 5 sections (A-E). Section A contains 5 short answer questions worth 1 mark each. Section B contains 5 short answer questions worth 2 marks each. Section C contains 11 short answer questions worth 3 marks each. Section D contains 1 value-based question worth 4 marks. Section E contains 3 long answer questions worth 5 marks each, with internal choices provided. The document provides examples of question content assessing topics such as tissue culture, cellular defense mechanisms, assisted reproduction techniques, PCR, genetics, evolution, disease, biotechnology, and ecosystems.
This document describes a study that sequenced the 23S rRNA gene of Campylobacter coli VC167 and analyzed its sequence and structure. It found that the gene contained a 147 bp transcribed spacer that resulted in fragmented 23S rRNA. Analysis of 31 other C. coli and C. jejuni strains found that 69% contained a transcribed spacer of 147 bp or 37 bp, also producing fragmented 23S rRNA. Phylogenetic analysis placed Campylobacter in the epsilon subdivision of Proteobacteria based on signatures in the 23S rRNA at positions 270 and 1850.
Validation of reference genes in leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa in...IJEAB
Atta sexdens rubropilosa is an important leaf-cutting ant species considered as a pest in agricultural crop or reforestation areas. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a technique that can help us to understand the regulation and the function of a gene. However, its reliability depend on the data normalization. Different normalization strategies can be adopted for qPCR, reference genes has been cited as one of the most effective methods. It has not been identified a universal reference for all organism and experiment. In this way, the validation of reference gene is crucial step. This is the first study to evaluate reference genes for leaf-cutting ants. To this, we analyzed the expression levels of candidate reference genes (act, ef1-alpha, ef1-beta, GAPDH and rpl18) in different developmental stages (larva, pupa and worker) and tissues (head, mesosoma and worker without gaster) of A. sexdens rubropilosa. Four different algorithms (BestKeeper, geNorm, NormFinder and comparative ΔCt method) were used in statistical analysis of the stability of the genes and RefFinder was used to propose a consensus list for ranking the reference genes. Our results showed that the most suitable combinations of reference gene candidates were rpl18 and ef1-alpha for the different developmental stages and rpl18 and ef1-beta for the different tissues. In this work, we also report the obtaining from a putative acetylcholinesterase from A.sexdens rubropilosa (GenBank KY464935), which was used as a target gene to confirm the reliability of reference genes suggested.
This document contains multiple choice questions about viruses, bacteria, and cyanobacteria. It begins with 7 questions about the basic nature and discoveries of these microorganisms. The next 15 questions require selecting the microorganism that matches the statement from options for viruses, bacteria, cyanobacteria, or multiple choices. The following questions cover the composition and characteristics of viruses and bacteria such as their size, shape, and whether they contain DNA, RNA, or both. The document concludes with an answer key for all 35 questions.
This document discusses allele mining as an advanced technique for crop improvement. It begins by defining allele mining as searching for different alleles located at the same locus. It then outlines several key steps and techniques for allele mining, including Eco-TILLING based allele mining, sequencing based allele mining, and association mapping based allele mining. The document provides details on each technique, including requirements, procedures, advantages, and examples of crops studied. It emphasizes that allele mining is important for unlocking genetic variation stored in germplasm collections in order to develop crops with improved traits.
The document summarizes the identification of six hemocyte cell types in Culex quinquefasciatus by light and transmission electron microscopy:
1) Prohemocytes, the smallest hemocytes, with a large central nucleus and few organelles. They represent 9.3% of hemocytes.
2) Spherulocytes, small hemocytes with numerous spherules containing a lamellar pattern and dense core. They are 1.6% of hemocytes.
3) Adipohemocytes, rare cells with a large nucleolated nucleus, cytoplasm containing organelles and lipid inclusions. They are 0.8% of hemocytes.
4) Oenocytoids
The document describes a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by the Earth Microbiome Project (EMP) that used coordinated protocols and analytical methods to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. By tracking individual bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences across multiple studies, the analysis resulted in both a reference database providing global context to DNA sequence data and an analytical framework for incorporating future study data to further characterize Earth's microbial diversity. The meta-analysis found that standardized environmental descriptors and new analytical methods, particularly using exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enabled comparisons across studies and exploration of large-scale ecological patterns.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Genome–Wide Analysis and Expression Pattern of the AP2/ERF Gene Family in Kiw...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
—APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factors play important roles in the response to abiotic stresses. It is now possible to identify all of the AP2/ERF genes in the kiwifruit genome because the kiwifruit genome project has been completed. 183 AP2/ERF genes were identified and compared with AP2/ERF genes from Arabidopsis in this study. The 183 AP2/ERF kiwifruit genes were classified into four subfamilies: DREB (64), ERF (94), AP2 (19) and RAV (5), as well as one soloist. RNA-sequence and Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis results showed that 20 genes were responsive to waterlogging stress, suggesting that AP2/ERF transcription factors play important roles in the response to waterlogging stress in kiwifruit
This study examined the interaction between maize lipoxygenase mutants (lox3-3, lox3-4, lox5-2, lox5-3) and Aspergillus flavus oxygenase mutants (Δlox, ΔppoA, ΔppoC, ΔppoD) to understand the role of oxylipin signaling. Kernel bioassays showed that lox3-4 and lox5-3 mutants supported increased fungal growth and conidiation compared to wild-type maize. The A. flavus mutants displayed variable interactions with the plant mutants, indicating specific functions of individual plant and fungal oxygenases in the interaction. This research aims to elucidate
This document summarizes a study that reconstructed 7,903 bacterial and archaeal genomes from over 1,500 public metagenomes. Key findings include:
- The genomes increase phylogenetic diversity of bacterial and archaeal trees by over 30% and provide first representatives for 17 bacterial and 3 archaeal candidate phyla.
- 245 genomes were recovered from the Patescibacteria superphylum.
- The genomes vary substantially in quality, with 43.5% considered near-complete, 43.8% medium quality, and 12.7% partial.
- The genomes expand representation of underrepresented phyla like Aminicenantes, Gemmatimonadetes, and Lentisphaera
Detection of variability in xanthomonas campestris pv.srajanlko
This study analyzed 19 strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae (Xcmi) collected from different regions in India to detect variability. The strains were tested based on their pathogenicity on 9 mango varieties, reaction to 9 antibiotics, and growth in 5 culture media. The results revealed variability among the strains in their reactions. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the strains into clusters based on the detection methods. Notably, strains collected from Bihar exhibited more similarity to each other and clustered together across the detection methods, indicating geographic specificity. However, the clustering patterns also showed that the evolutionary trends of some strains are not solely dependent on geographic origin. Overall, the study demonstrated genetic diversity among the Xcm
Both fungi and algae are eukaryotes. Fungi are heterotrophs that lack chloroplasts and can be multicellular with coenocytic hyphae. They store food as glycogen and include examples like mushrooms, yeasts, and molds. Fungi are important decomposers and sources of antibiotics. Algae are classified based on pigments and can be unicellular or multicellular. They contain chloroplasts and store food as starch. Some fungi cause diseases in plants and humans while others are used to make antibiotics, alcohol, and mushrooms are eaten.
Ninth class biology mcqs ( classification of living organisms)Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur
This document contains a poem about how one's perception of the passage of time changes based on their mental state, followed by a chapter of biology multiple choice questions. The questions cover topics like scientific naming conventions, taxonomy, kingdoms of life, and basic cell structures. C. Linnaeus is identified as introducing binomial nomenclature. The document provides a practice test on foundational concepts in biology.
1) The study isolated and identified soil microbes from an area affected by an underground mine fire in Centralia, Pennsylvania that has been burning since 1962.
2) Unique bacterial colonies were isolated from soil samples taken at different temperatures. Through DNA sequencing, isolates were identified as species of Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Streptomyces, and potentially a novel Geobacillus species.
3) Further analysis of a Geobacillus isolate (unknown 2) that showed antimicrobial properties suggests it may produce a thermostable antibiotic and represent a novel Geobacillus species adapted to high soil temperatures due to the mine fire.
Tetrad analysis is a technique used to study genetic linkage in fungi and other lower eukaryotes. During meiosis in these organisms, four haploid spores, known as a tetrad, are produced. If spores remain in ordered linear formations, called ordered tetrads, the arrangement allows mapping of genes relative to centromeres. If spores are randomly mixed in unordered tetrads, patterns of allele segregation can determine if two genes are linked. Analysis of tetrad segregation patterns is used to calculate genetic distance between loci.
This document discusses groundnuts (peanuts), including their origins, classification, breeding objectives, and varieties used in Tamil Nadu. It notes that groundnuts are an allotetraploid species that likely originated from a cross between A. cardinasi and A. batizoccoi. The main objectives for breeding groundnuts in Tamil Nadu are to develop high yielding bunch varieties resistant to drought, diseases like rust and leaf spot, and pests. Popular high yielding varieties for Tamil Nadu include Co1, Co2, ALR2, TMV2, and VRI series varieties.
The document summarizes a study conducted by a biology student that found antibiotic-resistant bacteria present in higher numbers in February compared to October at a local daycare center in North Carolina. Swabs were taken from various surfaces in a toddler room in the fall and winter. Five bacterial species showing resistance to multiple antibiotics were identified in October, compared to fourteen species in February. The student used microscopy, biochemical testing, and DNA sequencing to identify the bacteria isolated. The results indicate antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a legitimate health threat in daycare centers.
Phenotypic and genotypic typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is...Intissar Guedda
This study investigated the occurrence of Salmonella in poultry farms in Tunisia. Samples were collected from eight farms and 21 Salmonella isolates were found, with 16 being Salmonella Enteritidis. Genotypic analysis showed that 12 of the S. Enteritidis isolates belonged to the same pulsotype X1 and were found in four different farms, indicating a dominant clone. Plasmid profiling revealed four profiles among the isolates, with the most common containing a 54kb plasmid. The results demonstrate the presence of a common S. Enteritidis clone in multiple Tunisian poultry farms.
This document proposes a study on factors of resistance in maize plants against the spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus. The study will assess molecular diversity and biochemical/nutrient levels in maize cultivars to establish correlations with borer infestation levels. It will also examine physical resistance factors like plant architecture, stem diameter, and leaf trichome density. The research will involve growing 26 maize genotypes and quantifying borer damage, molecular profiles, nutrient levels, and physical traits to identify sources of resistance.
This document provides the instructions and content for a sample biology exam consisting of 26 questions across 5 sections (A-E). Section A contains 5 short answer questions worth 1 mark each. Section B contains 5 short answer questions worth 2 marks each. Section C contains 11 short answer questions worth 3 marks each. Section D contains 1 value-based question worth 4 marks. Section E contains 3 long answer questions worth 5 marks each, with internal choices provided. The document provides examples of question content assessing topics such as tissue culture, cellular defense mechanisms, assisted reproduction techniques, PCR, genetics, evolution, disease, biotechnology, and ecosystems.
This document provides the instructions and content for a sample biology exam consisting of 26 questions across 5 sections (A-E). Section A contains 5 short answer questions worth 1 mark each. Section B contains 5 short answer questions worth 2 marks each. Section C contains 11 short answer questions worth 3 marks each. Section D contains 1 value-based question worth 4 marks. Section E contains 3 long answer questions worth 5 marks each, with internal choices provided. The document provides examples of question content assessing topics such as tissue culture, cellular defense mechanisms, assisted reproduction techniques, PCR, genetics, evolution, disease, biotechnology, and ecosystems.
The document is a model paper for biology class 9 that includes multiple choice and long answer questions to test students' understanding of key biology concepts.
The multiple choice section contains 12 questions testing topics like microbiology, the definition of a hypothesis, organism classification, cell organelles, passive transport, the cell cycle, homeostasis, the lock and key model of enzyme action, cellular respiration, light intensity, mineral roles, and transpiration.
The long answer sections include questions requiring students to define and explain topics such as: levels of biological organization; distinguishing characteristics of the kingdom Protista; electron microscopes; turgor pressure in plants; differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; mitosis;
This document provides a 40 question biology classification test with multiple choice answers. It includes questions testing knowledge of archaebacteria characteristics, mycorrhiza, uses of E. coli in research, diatom shell composition, kingdom classification systems, fungal reproduction, virus structure, bacterial shapes, decomposer roles and more. The test is scored out of 160 total marks and takes approximately 45 minutes to complete.
Science-Question-Bank for the class 10th studentssuneelKUMAR259
This document contains a question bank for Class 10 Biology exam. It includes questions on various topics like life processes (nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion, coordination, control, reproduction, inheritance, environment), with some chemistry questions as well. The questions range from simple definition and labelling questions to more complex questions requiring explanations and comparisons. There are over 50 questions in total covering the entire biology syllabus for Class 10.
This document provides information about an additional practice test for Class XII Biology in 2023-24. It contains 33 questions across 5 sections (A-E). Section A has 16 one-mark questions. Section B has 5 two-mark questions. Section C has 7 three-mark questions. Section D has 2 four-mark case-based questions. Section E has 3 five-mark questions. The test covers a range of topics in biology including genetics, evolution, ecology, and human physiology. Students must attempt all questions, which may include multiple choice, short answer, or case-based questions.
Questions and Answer key for the Botany, Zoology, Physics, Chemistry Medical Code A, Medical Code B, Medical Code C and Medical Code D papers solved by the coaching experts at Sri Chaitanya. Set your sights on the EAMCET, AIIMS and other Medical Entrance exams and start your test preps for 2014 and 2015 entrance examinations. To know more - visit www.srichaitanya.net or call 040 66060606. You can also stay in touch with us at www.facebook.com/SriChaitanyaEducationalInstitutes
This document provides instructions for the CBSE Board Examination for the year 2012-2013. It includes the code number that should be written on the answer book, instructions to check that the question paper contains the correct number of questions, and instructions to write the serial number before attempting each question. It then provides the specific instructions for the Biology examination, which will be 3 hours long and consist of 4 sections (A, B, C, D) containing questions of different point values. The first section contains 8 one-mark questions, the second contains 10 two-mark questions, the third contains 9 three-mark questions, and the fourth contains 3 five-mark questions. Diagrams should be neatly labeled where necessary.
This document provides instructions and questions for a Biology for Engineers exam. It includes 9 total questions, with question 1 being compulsory and students to attempt any 5 of the remaining 8 questions. Question 1 involves choosing the correct option for 7 multiple choice questions. The other questions require explaining concepts such as scientific nomenclature, model organisms, protein structure, DNA structure, metabolism, enzyme function and inhibition. Students must provide detailed answers and diagrams for questions 8 and 9 regarding DNA replication and enzyme mechanisms.
Distillation is a process where evaporation and condensation occur simultaneously. The correct ascending order of calorific values of fuels is coke, natural gas, water gas, methane, hydrogen. A light ray entering a denser medium at an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle will undergo total internal reflection and not emerge through the second material. Convention occurs due to a change in intermolecular attraction. Binary fission results in a protozoan population of 256 after 8 generations of reproduction.
Distillation is a process where evaporation and condensation occur simultaneously. The correct ascending order of calorific values of fuels is coke, natural gas, water gas, methane, hydrogen. A light ray entering a denser medium at an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle will undergo total internal reflection emerging in the denser medium. Convention occurs due to a change in intermolecular attraction. Binary fission results in a protozoan population of 256 after 8 generations.
This 35-item reviewer tests knowledge of various biology concepts through multiple choice questions. It covers topics like cellular reproduction, organelle functions, symbiotic relationships, ecosystems, cellular transport, genetics, and more. Test takers have 30 seconds to answer each question before moving to the next slide. No returning to previous questions is allowed.
This document consists of a multiple choice exam for biology. It contains 40 questions testing knowledge of topics like cell structure, transport mechanisms, enzymes, and genetics. The questions are accompanied by short explanatory paragraphs and diagrams.
This document provides information about a CBSE board examination for Studymate Solutions. It includes instructions for students taking the exam, such as writing their code number and serial numbers for questions. The biology section of the exam is outlined, with details about the four sections (A, B, C, D), number of questions in each section, and allocation of marks. General instructions are provided about questions being compulsory and choices for internal questions. Diagrams should be labeled where necessary. Section A contains 8 one-mark questions, Section B has 10 two-mark questions, Section C comprises 9 three-mark questions, and Section D consists of 3 five-mark questions.
1. A bee/flower relationship represents a mutualistic relationship, where both organisms benefit.
2. If two populations of flightless beetles become separated and unable to interbreed, they will most likely become separate species over time.
3. A woman who is a carrier for sickle cell disease marrying a man with no sickle cell disease will have a 0% chance of having a child with sickle cell anemia.
BRCC BIOL 121 FINAL SPRING 20151. E coli is a shortened name for.docxAASTHA76
BRCC BIOL 121 FINAL SPRING 2015
1. E coli is a shortened name for a bacterium that lives in our gut. According to the rules of binomial nomenclature it is properly written as _______________.
a. Escherichia COLI
b. Escherichia Coli
c. Escherichia coli
d. escherichia coli
e. escherichia coli
2. What does the term “biodiversity” refer to in the field of biology?
a. Total number of species on earth
b. Genetic variation that exists within populations all of the earth’s species
c. Total number of Earth’s ecosystems
d. All of the above are correct
3. Prokaryotic cells are classified in Domain(s) _______
a. Archaea
b. Bacteria
c. Eukarya
d. Archaea and Bacteria
e. Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya
4. (
4. The shape of this bacterium is __________ and the attachment filaments radiating out are called_________
a
. bacillus…………. flagella
b
. coccus……………cilia
c.
spirilla
…………..
pili
d
. bacillus………… pili
e
. vibrio…………….cilia
)
5. A certain bacterium can withstand heating, drying and toxic chemicals that would kill most other bacteria. This indicates that it is probably able to form a __________
a. Pseudopodia
b. Conjugation tube
c. Endospore
d. Flagellum
e. Endotoxins
(
6.What
ecological role is played by cyanobacteria ?
a. photosynthetic
producers that make sugar and pump oxygen into the atmosphere
b
. decomposers of dead leaves and dead animals
c. chemosynthetic
producers
d
pathogens of plants and animals
e. predators
of other bacteria
)
6.
7. The term phytoplankton applies to photosynthetic, microscopic floating organisms such as________
a. Protozoan ciliates and flagellates
b. Aquatic plants
c. Dinoflagellates, diatoms and some unicellular or colonial green algae
d. Macroalgae and seaweeds
e. Fungus like protists such as slime molds
8. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Most protists are aquatic.
b. Protists are eukaryotes.
c. Most protists are unicellular.
d. Protists have more complex cells than prokaryotes.
e. Photosynthetic protists are called protozoa.
9. (
9. Which of the following structures is used by amoebas to move and to eat?
a. microvilli
b. cilia
c. flagella
d. pseudopodia
e. tendrils
)
10. Into what kingdom do we place multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes that acquire food by absorption from the environment and have cell walls made of chitin?
a. Plantae
b. Animalia
c. Protista
d. Fungi
e. Proteobacteria
11. (
11.
(See image to the left)
A
fungus surrounding a root
absorbs food from the plant
and in turn this fungus
provides water and minerals to the plant. This is a _________ relationship?
a
. parasitic
b
.
commensalistic
c
.
predatorial
d
. mutualistic
e
. competitive
)
12. (See image above). A fungus growing together with a plant root in a way that benefits both is
a(n)_______
a. Lichen
b. Epiphyte
c. Mycorrhizae
d. Hemiparasite
e. Halophyte
13. Which group shares the most recent common ancestor with land plants?
a. Fungi
b. Cyanobacteria
c. Brown algae
d. Green a ...
This document contains a biology exam with 57 multiple choice questions covering topics such as enzymes, human reproduction, genetics, plant anatomy and physiology, ecology, and more. For each question, four answer choices are provided and the test-taker must select the single best answer. The questions cover content from high school and introductory college biology courses.
This 3 sentence summary provides the essential information about the document:
The document is a biology test paper for NEET XI and XII 2019-20 that contains 45 multiple choice questions about botany. Students are instructed to answer all questions within 120 minutes, with each correct answer earning 4 marks and incorrect answers receiving 1 negative mark. The test covers topics like plant reproduction, taxonomy, cell biology, ecology and genetics.
The document contains 33 multiple choice questions about microbiology. The questions cover a range of topics including the differences between viruses and bacteria, bacterial growth and genetics, normal flora, pathogenesis, and host defenses. Correct answers are provided for each question.
Similar to Cbse Class 12 Biology Sample Paper Model 1 (20)
The ICSE Class 2 syllabus includes chapters on poems, grammar, and mathematics. For English, students will study 16 poems and learn about parts of speech like nouns, verbs, adjectives and pronouns as well as punctuation, opposites, and tenses. The mathematics syllabus covers 16 topics including 2-digit and 3-digit numbers, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, geometry, fractions, and measurement of length, weight, and capacity.
The document outlines the syllabus for ICSE Class 1, covering Environmental Studies (EVS), Computer Applications, and French. The EVS syllabus includes 18 chapters on topics like the self, family, community, plants, animals, food, and the environment. The Computer Applications syllabus introduces students to computers and their basic parts through 8 chapters. The 11 chapter French syllabus teaches students about France, its culture, and introduces basic vocabulary around self, family, school, colors, and days of the week.
The document outlines the syllabus for various subjects in ICSE Class 1, including Mathematics, English, EVS, and Computer Applications. For Mathematics, topics range from pre-number concepts to addition, subtraction, measurement, money, and multiplication. English topics cover stories, poems, rhymes. EVS focuses on the child, family, school, neighborhood, environment. Computer Applications introduces basic computer parts and functions like the keyboard, mouse, and Paint software.
The document outlines the syllabus for various subjects in ICSE Class 1 including English, EVS, Computer Applications, and French. The English syllabus includes 10 chapters on topics like stories, poems, and rhymes. The EVS syllabus has 18 chapters covering topics about the self, family, community, environment and safety. The Computer Applications syllabus includes 8 chapters introducing students to basic computer parts and functions. The French syllabus has 11 chapters focusing on introducing students to French culture, language, numbers and school.
Class 1 CBSE EVS Sample Paper Term 2 Model 2Sunaina Rawat
This document provides a sample paper for an Environmental Studies exam with questions in three sections. Section A contains 10 one-mark multiple choice questions about national festivals, plants, animals, and seasons. Section B has 10 two-mark questions requiring short answers about holidays, occupations, the sun, and animals. Section C consists of 5 three-mark questions requiring longer answers about things that fly, water sources and uses, and plant-eating animals. The last question is worth 5 marks and asks how plants help humans.
The CBSE Class 1 Math syllabus for 2012-13 outlines 13 lessons covering topics such as shapes, numbers, addition, subtraction, time, measurement, data handling, patterns, and money taught over 10 months from April to March. Lessons include numbers from 1 to 100, addition, subtraction, time, measurement, data handling, patterns, and money.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
1. Sample Question Paper
Biology
Class – XII
Time: 3 hrs.
M.M.: 70
General Instructions:
rit
e.
co
m
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) This question paper consists of four sections A, B, C and D. Section A contains 8
questions of one mark each, Section B is of 10 questions of two marks each, Section C is
of 9 questions of three marks each and Section D is of 3 questions of five marks each.
(iii) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one
question of 2 marks, one question of 3 marks and two questions of 5 marks weightage. A
student has to attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions.
(iv) Whenever necessary. The diagrams should be neat and properly labeled.
(1x 8 = 8)
du
Section-A
1. “Tanmay suffered from measles at the age of 10 years. There are rare chances of his getting
.e
infected with the same disease for the rest of his life.” Give reason for the statement.
w
w
2. The meiocyte of an onion plant contains 32 chromosomes. Workout the number of
chromosomes found in its endosperm.
w
3. What is Baer’s law?
4. In the Whiptail lizards only females are born generations after generation. There are no
males. How is this possible?
5. Mention any two measures for prevention and control of alcohol and drug abuse among
adolescents.
6. Name the world’s most problematic aquatic weed. What is the nature of the water-body in
which weeds grow abundantly?
7. Name the embryonic stage that gets implanted in the uterine wall of a human female.
8. Write the difference between net primary productivity and gross productivity.
2. Section-B
(2x 10 =20)
9. The cell division involved in gamete formation is not of the same type in different
organisms. Justify.
10. Differentiate between benign and malignant tumors.
11. What is emasculation? Explain its importance in hybridization?
12. Differentiate between euchromatin and heterochromatin.
rit
e.
co
m
13. In which technique we use Taq polymerase enzyme and why?
14. How do Darwin’s finches illustrate adaptive radiation?
15. Name the blank spaces a, b, c and d from the table given below:
Type of Microbe
Scientific Name
Commercial Product
Bacterium
a
Lactic acid
Fungus
b
c
Monascus purpureus
Statin
Fungus
Penicillium notatum
d
w
w
.e
du
Cyclosporin A
16. Draw a vertical section of maize grain and label.
(i) Pericarp, (ii) Scutellum, (iii) Coleoptile, and (iv) Radicle.
w
17. When a red flowered Antirrhinum plant was crossed with a white flowered Antirrhinum
plant, the F1 – offspring had pink flowers. Mention –
(a) Genotype of F1 plant.
(b) The reason why it did not beat the parental red or white flower colors?
18. Explain the dual function of AUG codon. Give the sequence of bases it is transcribed from
and its anticodon.
3. Section-C
(3x9=27)
19. A non-haemophilic couple was informed by their doctor that there is possibility of a
haemophilic child be born to them. Explain the basis on which the doctor conveyed this
information. Give the genotypes and the phenotypes of all the possible children who could
not be born.
20. Draw a diagram of a male gametophyte of an angiosperm. Label any four parts. Why
sporopollenin is considered the most resistant organic material?
to them?
22. Explain briefly the types of thalassemias.
rit
e.
co
m
21. How do you explain to the farmers that apiculture is both easy and economically beneficial
23. How does a plant breeder ensure cross-pollination in economically important bisexual
flower?
24. Name the malaria parasite. Where do the gametocytes of this parasite develop? Give a flow
chart of its life-cycle in this host.
the embryos of vertebrates?
du
25. Plasmid is a boon to biotechnology and conclusions made by Baer Ernst Haeckel on studying
.e
26. Describe different types of natural selection that causes allele frequencies of a population
w
w
to change.
w
27. Explain the causes of Global Warming? Why is it a warning to mankind?
Section-D
28. (a) Mention the role of vectors in Recombination DNA technology. Give two examples.
(c) With the help of diagrammatically representation only, show the steps of Recombinant
DNA technology.
[5]
29. If a desired gene is identified in an organism for some experiments, explain the process of
the following:
(i)
Cutting this gene at specific location.
(ii)
Synthesis of multiple copies of this desired gene.
4. 30. Modern scientists accept evolution and natural selection as natural phenomena. The
mechanism of evolution under modern concept has been explained n the basis of
(Value based Question)
“Population dynamics”.
What is population dynamics?
[1]
(ii)
What is the ultimate source of organic variation?
[1]
(iii)
How evolution is explained in terms of modern scientists?
[2]
(iv)
How a new species is formed?
[1]
w
w
w
.e
du
rit
e.
co
m
(i)