The document provides a comprehensive overview of the essential topics for the CBSE Class 12 Board Exams across subjects like Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Biology, and includes key concepts for exam preparation. It emphasizes the importance of focusing on crucial areas of the syllabus to achieve high scores and secure favorable college admissions. Specific chapters and key formulas in various subjects are outlined to guide students in their studies.

1. CBSE Class 12 Board Exam 2023: Important
Topics for Class 12th Exam
CBSE class 12 board exams are of utmost importance as these exams are crucial in
deciding your future. Your percentile decides what college you will get admission to.
And hence it is important to work hard in your CBSE class 12 board exam.
To be able to score high in the cbse class 12 board exam it is essential to prepare
well and to keep your preparation top-notch it becomes important to have a thorough
study of the CBSE board exam syllabus.
To score high you need to focus more on the important topics of the CBSE class 12
board syllabus. To help you with that here is a list of all the key topics that you need
to concentrate on while preparing for your CBSE class 12 board exam:

2. CBSE Class 12 Board Exam 2023: Topics for Class
12th Exam
CBSE Class 12 Board Exam: Physical chemistry
Chapter 1: Solid State
● The important formula of unit cell dimension is M = dNaa3/ z
● Imperfections in solids
● Number of octahedral voids = Number of atoms and Number of tetrahedral
voids = Twice the number of atoms
Chapter 2: Solutions
● Raoult’s law
● Dalton’s law of partial pressure
● Henry’s law
● Mole fraction = No. of moles of component/ Total no. of moles of all
components
● Molarity = ( volume of solution in litres/Moles of solute)
● Molality = Mass of solvent in kg/ Moles of solute
● Mass % = (Mass of component in solution/ Total mass of the solution) ✕ 100
● Volume % = (Volume of component in solution/ Total volume of the solution)
✕ 100
● ppm = (No. of parts of the component/ Total no. of parts of all components of
solution) ✕100
● Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure
● Van’t Hoff Factor
● Relative Lowering of vapor pressure

3. ● Elevation of boiling point
● Depression of freezing point important graphs
Chapter 3: Electrochemistry
● Type of cells:
a. Electrochemical cell / Galvanic cell
b. Electrolytic cell
● Electrode potential
● Standard electrode potential
● Anode
● Nernst equation
● Relation between cell potential and Gibbs energy:
● Relation between equilibrium constant and Gibbs energy
● Resistance(R)
● Cathode
● Cell potential
● Cell electromotive force (emf)
● SHE (Standard Hydrogen Electrode)
● Resistivity
● Specific conductance/Conductivity
● Molar conductivity
● Molar Conductivity for Strong Electrolytes
● Molar Conductivity for Weak Electrolytes
● Batteries:
a. Primary
b. Secondary
● Corrosion

4. ● Hydrogen Economy
● Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions
● Faraday’s law of electrolysis
● Types of electrodes
a. Inert
b. Active
Chapter 4 – Chemical Kinetics
● First Order Reaction Kinetics
● Arrhenius Equation
● Order and Molecularity
Chapter 5: Surface Chemistry
● The distinction between adsorption and absorption
● Types of Adsorption
● Freundlich adsorption isotherm
a. Absorption from solution phase
● Colloids

5. ● Emulsions
Chapter 6: CBSE Class 12 Board Exam: Inorganic chemistry
● Metallurgy
● Ellingham Diagram
● Mond process for refining nickel
● Van Arkel Method of refining zirconium or titanium
Chapter 7: The p-Block Elements
● Inert pair effect
● Disproportionation
● Non-metallic hydrides
● Color of halogen compounds
● Non-metallic halides
● Catenation
● Interhalogen compounds
● Structures of Oxoacids: Phosphorus and Sulphur
● Structures of Fluoride: Sulphur, xenon, bromine
● Basicity of group 15 elements
● Structures of PCl5, H2SO3, H2SO4, H2S2O8, H2S2O7, HOCl, HClO2, HClO34,
N2<O5, XeOF4
Chapter 8: The d- and f-block Elements
● d-Block elements
● f-Block elements
● Actinoid

6. ● Lanthanoid Contraction
● Actinoid Contraction
Chapter 9: Coordination Compounds
● Coordination Compounds
● Coordination Entity
● Central Atom or Ion
● Ligands
● Coordination Number
● Coordination Sphere
● Coordination Polyhedron
● Oxidation Number of Central Atom
● Homoleptic complexes
● Heteroleptic complexes
● Werner’s theory
● Valence bond theory
● Crystal-field theory
CBSE Class 12 Board Exam: organic chemistry
Chapter 10 to Chapter 16
● IUPAC Nomenclature questions
● Key reactions: Sandmeyer reaction, Williamson synthesis, Riemer-Tiemann
reaction, Kolbe’s reaction, Aldol Condensation, Cannizzaro Reaction,
Clemmensen Reduction reaction, Hoffmann Bromamide reaction, Coupling
reaction.
● Distinction test: The distinction tests are usually asked between:

7. ● Aliphatic and aromatic compounds
● Compounds having two different functional groups
● Compounds having the same functional group but different arrangements of
atoms (e.g., 1°, 2°, 3°)
CBSE Class 12 Board Exam: Physics
Chapter 1 – Electronic Charges and Field
● Coulomb’s Law
● Forces between multiple charges electric field due to system of charges
● Electric dipole’s electric field on axial and equatorial point
● Electric dipole in external electric field
● Gauss’s law applications
Chapter 2 – Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
● Potential due to electric dipole and system of charges
● Electric potential energy due to electric dipole and system of charges
● Equipotential surfaces
● Effect of dielectric on capacitors
● Combinations of capacitors
● Energy stored in capacitors
Chapter 3 – Current Electricity
● Ohm’s Law
● Limitations of ohm’s law
● Resistivity of different materials

8. ● Combination of resistors
● Combination of cells
● Kirchhoff’s law
● Meter bridge
● Potentiometer
Chapter 4 – Moving Charges and Magnetism
● Magnetic force on current carrying wire
● Motion in a magnetic field
● Velocity selector
● Cyclotron
● The magnetic field on the axis of a circular current carrying loop 6. Ampere’s
circuital law
● The force between two parallel current carrying wires
● Torque on current carrying loop in a magnetic field
● Moving coil galvanometer
Chapter 5 – Magnetism and Matter
● The axial magnetic field of a bar magnet as solenoid
● Electric dipole in a uniform magnetic field
● Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetic Substances
● Hysteresis Loop
Chapter 6 – Electromagnetic Induction
● Magnetic flux
● Faraday’s law of induction
● Lens law

9. ● Motional EMF
● Self-inductance and mutual inductance
Chapter 7 – Alternating Current
● RC, LC, LR and LCR Circuits
● LC oscillations
● Power factor
● Resonance and Sharpness
● Transformers
Chapter 8 – Electromagnetic Waves
● Displacement Current
● EM waves
● Nature of em waves
Chapter 9 – Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
● Image formation by spherical mirrors
● Image formation by spherical lenses
● Total internal reflection
● Power and combination of lenses
● Refraction through a Prism
● Natural phenomenons due to light
● Eye
● Telescope
● Microscope
Chapter 10 – Wave optics

10. ● Reflection and refraction of plane waves using Huygen principle
● Incoherent and coherent waves addition
● Interference and Young’s double slit experiment
● Diffraction of light
● Resolving power of optical Instruments
● Polarisation by scattering
Chapter 11 – Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
● Photoelectric effect
● Einstein photoelectric equation
● de Broglie hypothesis
● Davisson and Germer experiment
Chapter 12 – Atoms
● Electron Orbits
● Atomic spectra
● Bohr Model of Hydrogen atom
● Line spectra of the Hydrogen atom
● de-Broglie explanation of Bohr’s postulate
Chapter 13 – Nuclei
● . Nuclear binding energy
● Radioactivity
● Radioactive decays
Chapter 14 – Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
● Intrinsic semiconductors
● Extrinsic semiconductors

11. ● p-n Junction diode
● p-n Junction in forward bias and reverse bias
● Junction diode as a rectifier
● Zener diode as a voltage regulator
● n-p-n and p-n-p transistor
● Transistor as an amplifier
● Logic gates
Chapter 15 – Communication Systems
● Elements of communication system
● Basic terminologies of electronic communication system
● Propagation of em waves
● Amplitude modulation
CBSE class 12 board exam: mathematics important topics
Chapter 1 – Relations and Functions
Types of Relations
● Composition of Two Functions
● Invertible Functions
Chapter 2 – Inverse Trigonometric Functions
● Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Chapter 3 – Matrices
● Multiplication of Matrices and Related Properties
● Symmetric and Skew Symmetric Matrices

12. ● Finding Inverse of a Matrix Using Elementary Transformations
Chapter 4 – Determinants
● Properties of Determinants
● Adjoint and Inverse of a Matrix
● Solution of System of Linear Equations
Chapter 5 – Continuity and Differentiability
● Continuity of a Function
● Logarithmic Differentiation
● Differentiation of Functions in Parametric Form
● Second Order Derivatives
Chapter 6 – Application of Derivatives
● Rate of Change of Quantities
● Increasing and Decreasing Functions
● Tangents and Normals to Curves
● First and Second Derivative Tests for Finding Points of Local Maxima and
Minima
Chapter 7 – Integrals
● Integration by the Method of Substitution
● Integration by the Method of Partial Fractions
● Integration by Parts
● Definite Integral as Limit of a Sum
● Properties of Definite Integrals
Chapter 8 – Application of Integrals

13. ● Area under Simple Curves
● Area Bounded by a Curve and a Line
● Area Bounded by Two Curves
Chapter 9 – Differential Equations
● Formation of Differential Equations
● Method of Solving Differential Equations with Variable Separable
● Homogeneous Differential Equations
● Linear Differential Equations
Chapter 10 – Vector Algebra
● Scalar Product of Vectors and Projection of Vector on a Line
● Vector Product of Vectors
Chapter 11 – Three Dimensional Geometry
● Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios of Line
● Equation of a Line
● Coplanarity of Lines
● Angle between Two Lines
● Shortest Distance between Two Skew Lines
● Equation of a Plane in Normal Form
● Equation of Plane Perpendicular to Given Vector and Passing through a Given
Point
● Equation of Plane Passing through Three Noncollinear Points
● Plane Passing through the Intersection of Two Planes
● The angle between Two Planes
● Distance of a Point from a Plane

14. ● The angle between a Line and a Plane
Chapter 12 – Linear Programming
● Graphical Solution of Linear Programming Problems
Chapter 13 – Probability
● Multiplication Theorem on Probability
● Independent Events
● Bayes’ Theorem
● Random Variable and Its Probability Distribution
● Mean and Variance of Random Variable
● Binomial Distribution
CBSE Class 12 Board Exam: Biology important topics
Reproduction
● Modes of asexual reproduction
● Pre-fertilization events
● Inbreeding depression
● Double fertilization
● Gametogenesis, fertilization, and events of pregnancy
● Birth control methods
● Sexually transmitted diseases
● Techniques to treat infertility
Genetics and evolution

15. ● Structure of DNA
● Experiments of F.Griffith, Hershey, chase and season and Stahl
● Mechanism- replication, transcription, and translation
● Salient features of genetic code
● Lac operon
● Homologous and analogous organs
● Adaptive radiation
Biology In Human Welfare
● Life cycle of Plasmodium
● Causative agents of different diseases and their mode of transmission
● AIDS and drug abuse
● Inbreeding and outbreeding
● Single cell protein
● Microbes and their products
Biotechnology
● Restriction enzymes
● Cloning vectors
● Transformation processes
● Bt cotton
● RNA interference
● Gene therapy
● Genetically engineered insulin
Ecology and environment
● Population interactions

16. ● Pyramids of number, energy and biomass
● Causes of biodiversity losses
● Biomagnification
So, these are all the important topics of CBSE class 12 portion that will make it easy
for you to score high.
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