India has a large and growing population, and is the fourth largest consumer of energy in the world. Demand for petroleum products like petrol and diesel exceeds supply, with India needing over 12 crore litres per day. Additionally, the falling value of the Indian rupee against the US dollar means India pays more in import costs for the same amount of crude oil. Between high demand, currency issues, and the government's reliance on taxes from petroleum for 35% of its income, these factors contribute to the rising prices of petroleum in India. Recommendations include improving public transportation, developing domestic oil refineries, and reducing individual consumption through alternatives like walking, cycling, and renewable energy sources.