Causality
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How to study if there is a causal link between the choice of television broadcast channel to obtain news and the opinions people hold with regard to ethnic minorities?
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Presentatie groep 4; Mediastrategieën in Campagnes: Groepsopdracht 1Interviewing ethnic minorities
1. Interviewing ethnic minorities presents considerations for researchers who do not belong to the ethnic minority group being studied. Access to respondents, issues of voice, and how respondents' answers are influenced by the researcher must be taken into account.
2. Researchers should be aware of cultural differences that may impact access, and build rapport with respondents to make them feel more comfortable. Respondent answers are also shaped by the perceived social roles and power dynamics between the researcher and respondent.
3. To accurately represent ethnic minority groups, researchers must recognize how their own backgrounds and biases could influence data interpretation and present the groups' perspectives without stereotyping. Understanding context is key to obtaining and analyzing responses.
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Journal of Public Policy & Marketing
Vol. 32 (Special Issue) 2013, 119–130
© 2013, American Marketing Association
ISSN: 0743-9156 (print), 1547-7207 (electronic) 119
Cultural Diversity in Television Narratives:
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South Carolina (e-mail: [email protected]).
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ultural diversity is a central trope in contemporary cul-
ture (Kymlicka and Norman 2000). Though almost
universally regarded as ideal and socially desirable,
cultural diversity is a polysemic text with highly contested
meanings (Parekh 2000). Consumers must engage and rec-
oncile these many meanings as they construct and commu-
nicate their own identity. This research explores how con-
sumers engage and reconcile cultural diversity-related
meanings received through television. Television’s central
role in shaping understanding of diversity makes this a
compelling issue for public policy.
The hallmark feature of the cultural diversity trope is an
idealized interpersonal relationship (of varying depth and
intimacy) with a person from a marginalized cultural group
(e.g., Naisbitt 1988). However, despite their idealized status,
culturally diverse relationships are rare in practice. They tend
to dissolve quickly when th ...
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(1) Post a responsive review to someone elses essay paper from We
(1) Post a responsive review to someone else's essay paper from Week #14 (last week) according to the directions that are posted there
IN THE FOLLOWING ABBREVIATED (!!) WEEK: Each student will post one review of one of the essay papers that another student has posted. No late reviews will be accepted for any reason. Reviews should be substantively interactive, constructively critical, and at least 35 sentences long. Reviews should be "spread around" so that everyone's essay paper is reviewed by at least one other student. Also, reviews should utilize the FIVE STAR RATING SCHEME feature. The peer rating feature has to do with the 5 stars as shown here (see below). Reviews will be figured into the grade for this "Essay Paper" assignment.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Gender Representation on Gender-Targeted Television Channels:
A Comparison of Female- and Male-Targeted TV
Channels in the Netherlands
Serena Daalmans1 & Mariska Kleemans1 & Anne Sadza1
Published online: 5 January 2017
# The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Abstract The current study investigated the differences in the
representation of gender on male- and female-targeted channels
with regard to recognition (i.e., the actual presence of men and
women) and respect (i.e., the nature of that representation or
portrayal). To this end, the presence of men and women on two
female- and two male-targeted Dutch channels (N = 115 pro-
grams, N = 1091 persons) were compared via content analysis.
The expectation that men’s channels would portray a less equal
and more traditional image of gender than women’s channels
was generally supported by the results. Regardless of genre as
well as country of origin of the program, women were under-
represented on men’s channels, while gender distribution on
women’s channels was more equal. The representation of wom-
en in terms of age and occupation was more stereotypical on
men’s channels than on women’s channels, whereas men were
represented in more contra-stereotypical ways (e.g., performing
household tasks) on women’s channels. Since television view-
ing contributes to the learning and maintenance of stereotyped
perceptions, the results imply that it is important to strengthen
viewers’ defenses against the effects of gender stereotyping
when watching gendered television channels, for instance
through media literacy programs in schools.
Keywords Gender-targeted channels . Gender stereotyping .
Gender representation . Content analysis . Television
Over the past decades, research has made it abundantly clear
that women are underrepresented in the media and that, when
they are present, they are more often than not represented in
stereotypical roles (Collins 2011; Emons et al. 2010; Furnham
and Paltzer 2010; Lauzen et al. 2008; Signorielli and Bacue
1999). Because the roles of women in society have expanded
tremendously as a result of the ongoing process of emancipa-
tion, these consistent findings are ...
(1) Post a responsive review to someone elses essay paper from We
This document discusses a study that analyzed gender representation on male-targeted and female-targeted Dutch television channels. It hypothesized that women would be underrepresented on male channels compared to their presence in society, but not on female channels. It also examined whether genre differences and country of origin played a role in gender representation. The study analyzed 115 programs across two female channels and two male channels, coding for the presence, age, occupation, and roles of 1091 characters. It found that women were underrepresented on male channels, while representation was more equal on female channels. It also found that women were portrayed in more stereotypical ways (e.g. younger, fewer occupations) on male channels compared to female channels. This implies gender
(1) Post a responsive review to someone elses essay paper from We
This document discusses a study that analyzed gender representation on male-targeted and female-targeted Dutch television channels. It examined both the presence of men and women (recognition) and the nature of their portrayals (respect). The study hypothesized that women would be underrepresented on men's channels compared to their presence in society, but not on women's channels. It also explored whether genre differences and country of origin played a role in gender representation between channel types. The document provides background on concepts of recognition and respect in gender representation research and discusses relevant previous findings to inform the study.
How to promote SCP topics in the media
The document discusses promoting sustainable consumption and production (SCP) topics through media. It begins by noting that media is an important way to provide prosocial information to the public. It then highlights some good practice media projects for SCP promotion, including an entertainment TV show collaboration in the Netherlands that embedded SCP lessons, a participatory web-based "carrot mob" campaign, and a public art campaign featuring melting ice sculptures. It concludes by reflecting on recommendations for strengthening information exchange networks, providing media-friendly SCP materials, clearly defining target audiences, and fostering research and debates around frameworks for SCP media collaboration.
We Media and Democracy v2 2016
Updated version of introduction to 'We Media and Democracy' component of G325 OCR A2 Media Studies exam.
Midwest Political Science Association and Wiley are collabor.docx
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American Journal of Political Science.
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Midwest Political Science Association
Wiley
Why Do Partisan Media Polarize Viewers?
Author(s): Matthew S. Levendusky
Source: American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 57, No. 3 (July 2013), pp. 611-623
Published by: Midwest Political Science Association
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/23496642
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Why Do Partisan Media Polarize Viewers?
Matthew S. Levendusky University of Pennsylvania
The recent increase in partisan media has generated interest in whether such outlets polarize viewers. I draw on theories of
motivated reasoning to explain why partisan media polarize viewers, why these programs affect some viewers much more
strongly than others, and how long these effects endure. Using a series of original experiments, I find strong support for my
theoretical expectations, including the argument that these effects can still be detected several days postexposure. My results
demonstrate that partisan media polarize the electorate by taking relatively extreme citizens and making them even more
extreme. Though only a narrow segment of the public watches partisan media programs, partisan media's effects extend
much more broadly throughout the political arena.
America's
constitutional system, with its multi
ple veto points and separation of powers, re
quires compromise and consensus to function
effectively.1 Citizens can passionately advocate for their
beliefs, but they must also be willing to find a middle
ground if American government is to function effectively
( Gutmann and Thompson 2012). Many now claim, how
ever, that such compromise is increasingly out of reach in
American society, with deleterious consequences for our
politics (Gutmann and Thompson 2012). One potential
partial culprit for this lack of consensus is partisan media
outlets, such as Fox News. Such outlets provide view
e ...
Audience theory research
The document summarizes several audience theory models:
1) The effects model views audiences as passive recipients of media messages. More recent models see audiences as more active.
2) Uses and gratifications theory sees audiences as active in selecting media to fulfill needs like entertainment and social interaction.
3) The active audience model recognizes that audiences can interpret media messages in different, sometimes opposing ways.
4) The ethnographic model examines audience behaviors and preferences through qualitative research like interviews in cultural contexts.
LSE media policy project_Launch sept27
This document summarizes the kick-off meeting for a project bringing together academics and stakeholders to assess evidence and have a deliberative dialogue on issues relating to media, public action, and policy. The project will examine topics like civic engagement, political communication, and digital literacies. It discusses models for relating research to policy and challenges in bridging the gaps between academic and policy spheres. Breakout groups discussed potential issues and research to focus on, such as universal broadband, public service broadcasting, and media deregulation. The document concludes with remarks on the importance of having a manageable agenda and making academic knowledge available to non-academic audiences.
Effects and audiences lessons 2 and 3
This document discusses various theories about media audiences and effects, including:
- Direct effects theories that see audiences as passive recipients of media messages.
- Uses and gratifications theory that sees audiences as active in using media to fulfill needs.
- Cultivation theory that examines how heavy media exposure shapes viewers' perceptions of social reality.
- Agenda-setting theory about how media influence which issues the public sees as important.
- Two-step flow theory that found opinions are often influenced through opinion leaders not direct media exposure.
- Reception theories that examine how audiences make meanings from media in social and cultural contexts.
Audience theory
The document discusses several models of how audiences interact with and make meaning from media texts, moving from early passive models to more recent active models. It describes the hypodermic needle model, two-step flow model, uses and gratifications model, and reception theory model, noting how each successive model viewed audiences as more active and complex in their engagement with media.
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Causality
- 1. Is there a causal relation between the choice of television broadcast channel to obtain news and the opinions people hold with regard to ethnic minorities? Effects of media use on public opinion Mark Boukes 9 December 2009 Communication studies Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences University of Amsterdam
- 5. Counterfactual topic 9 December 2009 * Simplified model; in the real design are more groups
Editor's Notes
- Quasi-experiement, omdat mensen niet random tot groepen worden toegewezen. Wekelijks omdat mensen het zo goed onthouden Online, omdat mensen zo zelf de tijd kunnen bepalen, en sociaal wenselijke antwoorden worden vermeden omdat het minder persoonlijk is.
- If it was a cross-sectional data research, only correlations can be shown.
- Selectivity can furthermore result in groups that are more or less sensitive to treatments.