Etmaal 2014 presentation: on the effects of opinionated news

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This document summarizes a study that examined how opinionated news affects citizens' political attitudes. The study tested two hypotheses: 1) that presumed influence of opinionated news shapes perceived opinion climate and attitudes, and 2) that perceptions of bias mediate the relationship between political preferences and attitudes. Results supported both hypotheses, finding opinionated news indirectly shaped attitudes by influencing perceived opinion climate and triggering perceptions of bias. The study suggests opinionated news can indirectly influence attitudes through both cognitive and affective mechanisms.

News & Politics

Political Communication #5
Mark Boukes, et al.:
Assessing the Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Opinionated News: How
Opinionated News Affects Political Attitudes
Ruud Wouters:
Do Targets React and Third Parties Comment? Responsiveness and Scope
Expansion in Television News Reports of Protest Demonstrations
Sophie Lecheler et al.:
Political News Framing on Effect Strength and Persistence
Bjorn Burscher et al.:
Automatic Coding of Policy Issues in News Articles and Parliamentary
Questions: An SML-Approach

Assessing the Mechanisms Underlying
the Effects of Opinionated News:
How Opinionated News Affects Political Attitudes
Mark Boukes
Hajo G. Boomgaarden
Marjolein Moorman
Claes H. De Vreese
Etmaal van de Communicatiewetenschap 2014
4th February 2014, Wageningen

Opinionated “news”
 Not follow essential journalistic standards:
- objectivity, fairness, and accuracy
3

Research Question and Theory
 How does opinionated news affect citizens’ political attitudes?
 Theory:
Presumed influence
Relative Hostile Media Phenomenom
 Are these consequential for politically relevant variables?
4

Hypothesis 1:
The influence of Presumed influence
5
Presumed
influence
Perceived
opinion climate
H1a H1b
H1c
Attitude
Objective news
versus
Opinionated news

Hypothesis 2:
The influence of bias perceptions
6
Political preference:
Left vs. Right
Anger
Perceived
bias
H2a H2b
H2c
Attitude
Objective news
versus
Opinionated news

Method
 Experiment: randomized exposure to a TV news item
 2 x 2 design
4 conditions:
 Adult sample recruited via Panelclix.
7
Opinionated
PowNews
(n = 61)
Objective
NOS
(n = 59)
Opinionated
NOS
(n = 61)
Objective
PowNews
(n = 60)

Stimuli
 Topic: widening of the highway A27
-Broadcasted by NOS and PowNews
-Clear debate structure with advocates and opponents
•Video creation:
- Original NOS item used as basis
- 2 recorded voice-overs: neutral vs. opinionated
- 2 source cues: NOS vs. PowNews
8

Partially latent structural regression model
χ2(59) = 75.55, p = .072, CFI = .99; SRMR = .05, RMSEA = .04, 90% CI [.00, .06].
10

11
Presumed
influence
Perceived
opinion
climate
Attitude toward
highway
widening
Objective NOS
versus
Opinionated PowNews
Objective PowNews
versus
Opinionated PowNews
Objective NOS
versus
Opinionated NOS
+
+
+
+
+
Results: Hypothesis 1

Results: Hypothesis 2
12
Political preference:
Left vs. Right
Perceived
bias
Objective NOS
versus
Opinionated PowNews
Objective PowNews
versus
Opinionated PowNews
Objective NOS
versus
Opinionated NOS
+
+ +
-
-
-

Results: Hypothesis 2
14
Results: Hypothesis 2
14
Political preference:
Left vs. Right
Anger
Perceived
bias
Attitude toward
highway
widening
Objective NOS
versus
Opinionated PowNews
Objective PowNews
versus
Opinionated PowNews
Objective NOS
versus
Opinionated NOS
+
+ +
-
-
-
+
–

Conclusion
 2 mechanisms: one cognitive, one affective.
 Salience of a topic may influence strength of indirect effects
- Low salience: Follow perceptions of the perceived majority
- High salience: Likely to evoke hostile media perceptions
 Normal conditions:
- Selective exposure ≠> hostile media perception  Positive indirect effect
- People also watch ideologically incongruent news,
so hostile media effect will still occur.
15

Questions / Remarks?
Assessing the Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of
Opinionated News:
How Opinionated News Affects Political Attitudes
Boukes, M.
Boomgaarden, H. G.
Moorman, M.
de Vreese, C. H.
Contact: m.boukes@uva.nl

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Etmaal 2014 presentation: on the effects of opinionated news

1. Political Communication #5 Mark Boukes, et al.: Assessing the Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Opinionated News: How Opinionated News Affects Political Attitudes Ruud Wouters: Do Targets React and Third Parties Comment? Responsiveness and Scope Expansion in Television News Reports of Protest Demonstrations Sophie Lecheler et al.: Political News Framing on Effect Strength and Persistence Bjorn Burscher et al.: Automatic Coding of Policy Issues in News Articles and Parliamentary Questions: An SML-Approach

2. Assessing the Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Opinionated News: How Opinionated News Affects Political Attitudes Mark Boukes Hajo G. Boomgaarden Marjolein Moorman Claes H. De Vreese Etmaal van de Communicatiewetenschap 2014 4th February 2014, Wageningen

3. Opinionated “news”  Not follow essential journalistic standards: - objectivity, fairness, and accuracy 3

4. Research Question and Theory  How does opinionated news affect citizens’ political attitudes?  Theory: Presumed influence Relative Hostile Media Phenomenom  Are these consequential for politically relevant variables? 4

5. Hypothesis 1: The influence of Presumed influence 5 Presumed influence Perceived opinion climate H1a H1b H1c Attitude Objective news versus Opinionated news

6. Hypothesis 2: The influence of bias perceptions 6 Political preference: Left vs. Right Anger Perceived bias H2a H2b H2c Attitude Objective news versus Opinionated news

7. Method  Experiment: randomized exposure to a TV news item  2 x 2 design 4 conditions:  Adult sample recruited via Panelclix. 7 Opinionated PowNews (n = 61) Objective NOS (n = 59) Opinionated NOS (n = 61) Objective PowNews (n = 60)

8. Stimuli  Topic: widening of the highway A27 -Broadcasted by NOS and PowNews -Clear debate structure with advocates and opponents •Video creation: - Original NOS item used as basis - 2 recorded voice-overs: neutral vs. opinionated - 2 source cues: NOS vs. PowNews 8

9. Example 9

10. Partially latent structural regression model χ2(59) = 75.55, p = .072, CFI = .99; SRMR = .05, RMSEA = .04, 90% CI [.00, .06]. 10

11. 11 Presumed influence Perceived opinion climate Attitude toward highway widening Objective NOS versus Opinionated PowNews Objective PowNews versus Opinionated PowNews Objective NOS versus Opinionated NOS + + + + + Results: Hypothesis 1

12. Results: Hypothesis 2 12 Political preference: Left vs. Right Perceived bias Objective NOS versus Opinionated PowNews Objective PowNews versus Opinionated PowNews Objective NOS versus Opinionated NOS + + + - - -

13. 13

14. Results: Hypothesis 2 14 Results: Hypothesis 2 14 Political preference: Left vs. Right Anger Perceived bias Attitude toward highway widening Objective NOS versus Opinionated PowNews Objective PowNews versus Opinionated PowNews Objective NOS versus Opinionated NOS + + + - - - + –

15. Conclusion  2 mechanisms: one cognitive, one affective.  Salience of a topic may influence strength of indirect effects - Low salience: Follow perceptions of the perceived majority - High salience: Likely to evoke hostile media perceptions  Normal conditions: - Selective exposure ≠> hostile media perception  Positive indirect effect - People also watch ideologically incongruent news, so hostile media effect will still occur. 15

16. Questions / Remarks? Assessing the Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Opinionated News: How Opinionated News Affects Political Attitudes Boukes, M. Boomgaarden, H. G. Moorman, M. de Vreese, C. H. Contact: m.boukes@uva.nl

Etmaal 2014 presentation: on the effects of opinionated news

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Etmaal 2014 presentation: on the effects of opinionated news