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This document discusses the history of the caste system in India over several millennia. It begins by describing the Indus Valley Civilization from 2800-1900 BCE, and notes that while it was clearly a class society, it is uncertain if it had castes. It then outlines the development of the varna model in the Vedic period, the solidification of castes and practices like untouchability around the common era, and the influence of texts like the Manusmriti in codifying the system. It traces the impact of various empires and rulers in enforcing and spreading caste ideology across India over time.














































































































