An Introduction to Distributed Search with Datastax Enterprise Search

•

7 likes•4,506 views

This document introduces Cassandra and Solr for distributed search. It discusses how Cassandra is a distributed data store that powers search at Facebook and how Datastax Enterprise Search uses Cassandra to store data and a Solr index for fast, scalable full-text search. It covers how to set up a Cassandra and Solr cluster for distributed search and write, read, and query data across the cluster in a way that remains available, consistent, and scalable.

Technology

TOO BIGTO FAIL
An Introduction to Distributed Search with Cassandra and Solr
OpenSource Connections
@PatriciaGorla
pgorla@o19s.com

ABOUT ME
Systems Analyst
Programming
Information Retrieval

Created at Facebook to
power inbox search
Distributed data store run
on commodity servers
Highly available
No one single point of failure
CASSANDRA

SEARCH + CASSANDRA, 1
• First implementation: Solandra (originally Lucandra)
• Replaced Lucene index with Cassandra column families

SEARCH + CASSANDRA, 2
• DataStax Enterprise Search
• Uses native Lucene index
• All data is retrieved from Cassandra

Datastax Enterprise Search Cluster
Distributed
Linearly Scalable
Highly Available
Eventually Consistent
Full-text search
Aggregation

SETTING UPTHE SCHEMA
<fields>
<field name="id" type="string" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<field name="name" type="text" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<field name="body" type="text" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<field name="title" type="text" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<field name="date" type="string" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
</fields>

WRITINGTO CLUSTER
• Write to either Cassandra clients or Solr API
• Write process is the same
• True atomic updates to Cassandra

Cassandra nodes are set up according to row-key hash.

Data can be written directly to Cassandra

Data is distributed according to row key hash and replication
factor

And then updates the
secondary index on Solr

The quorum responds with success / failure

READING FROM CLUSTER
• Read either Cassandra-side or through Solr API
• Cassandra: fast reads*
• Solr: full-text search
• Read direction affects performance
• Data is stored in Cassandra

Node uses gossip to ﬁnd who has the information

QUERYING CASSANDRA
• Can query Solr or Cassandra directly
• Limited syntax with CQL, can use solr_query parameter

Cassandra retrieves
information from column
family

Row-key hashes are
stored in Solr, and
Cassandra is queried for
stored data

Cassandra node sends
request to node with the
corresponding hash,
returns information

Updates can be committed and searched over in real time

PRODUCTION USE
• Will want a mix of analytics, search nodes

TRADEOFFS
• Changing the Solr schema requires reindex (standard for Solr)
• No multi-valued ﬁelds or composite columns

Q&A
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pgorla@o19s.com
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Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots. To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.

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An Introduction to Distributed Search with Datastax Enterprise Search

1. TOO BIGTO FAIL An Introduction to Distributed Search with Cassandra and Solr OpenSource Connections @PatriciaGorla pgorla@o19s.com

2. ABOUT ME Systems Analyst Programming Information Retrieval

3. Created at Facebook to power inbox search Distributed data store run on commodity servers Highly available No one single point of failure CASSANDRA

4. WHO USES CASSANDRA?

5. SEARCH + CASSANDRA, 1 • First implementation: Solandra (originally Lucandra) • Replaced Lucene index with Cassandra column families

6. SEARCH + CASSANDRA, 2 • DataStax Enterprise Search • Uses native Lucene index • All data is retrieved from Cassandra

7. Datastax Enterprise Search Cluster Distributed Linearly Scalable Highly Available Eventually Consistent Full-text search Aggregation

8. SETTING UPTHE SCHEMA <fields> <field name="id" type="string" indexed="true" stored="true"/> <field name="name" type="text" indexed="true" stored="true"/> <field name="body" type="text" indexed="true" stored="true"/> <field name="title" type="text" indexed="true" stored="true"/> <field name="date" type="string" indexed="true" stored="true"/> </fields>

9. WRITINGTO CLUSTER • Write to either Cassandra clients or Solr API • Write process is the same • True atomic updates to Cassandra

10. Cassandra nodes are set up according to row-key hash.

11. Data can be written directly to Cassandra

12. Data is distributed according to row key hash and replication factor

13. DSE ﬁrst writes to Cassandra

14. And then updates the secondary index on Solr

15. The quorum responds with success / failure

16. Data is now distributed evenly

17. READING FROM CLUSTER • Read either Cassandra-side or through Solr API • Cassandra: fast reads* • Solr: full-text search • Read direction affects performance • Data is stored in Cassandra

18. Query is sent to node

19. Node uses gossip to ﬁnd who has the information

20. QUERYING CASSANDRA • Can query Solr or Cassandra directly • Limited syntax with CQL, can use solr_query parameter

21. Querying Cassandra directly

22. Cassandra retrieves information from column family

23. Querying Solr index

24. Row-key hashes are stored in Solr, and Cassandra is queried for stored data

25. Cassandra node sends request to node with the corresponding hash, returns information

26. Data is always synced

27. Both nodes respond with information

28. Updates can be committed and searched over in real time

29. PRODUCTION USE • Will want a mix of analytics, search nodes

30. An OLTP - OLAP integrated solution

31. TRADEOFFS • Changing the Solr schema requires reindex (standard for Solr) • No multi-valued ﬁelds or composite columns

32. Q&A @PatriciaGorla pgorla@o19s.com o19s.com/blog

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