This document defines and describes case study research. It notes that case studies are an in-depth analysis of a specific situation or small group. The document outlines different types of case studies including explanatory, exploratory, descriptive, multiple-case studies, intrinsic, and instrumental. It also discusses tools for data collection in case studies like documentation, interviews, observations, and artifacts. Principles of data collection include using multiple sources, creating a case study database, and maintaining a chain of evidence. Methods of analysis involve describing the experience, meaning, and focusing on the analysis. Merits are ideas generation and studying rare phenomena, while demerits are difficulty generalizing and potential biases.

2. Topic :CASE STUDY AS A TYPE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARch
Submitted By :
Shuja Ur Rehman
Roll No:41
Semester: II
Section: B
M.Phil Education
Division Of Education
Submitted To:
Dr. Iftakhar Ahmad
Minhaj University Lahore

3. CASE STUDY AS A TYPE OF QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH

4. DEFINITION
 It is a systematic inquiry into an event or a set of
related events which aims to describe and
explain the phenomenon of interest.
 It is an in depth study of a particular situation
rather than a sweeping statistical survey.

5. DEFINITION-CONTD
It refers to the collection and presentation of
detailed information about a particular
participant or small group, frequently including
the accounts of subjects themselves.

6. TYPES OF CASE STUDIES
Explanatory
Exploratory
Descriptive
Multiple-case studies
Intrinsic case study
Instrumental case study

7. EXPLANATORY CASE STUDIES
Explanatory case studies answer question ‘why’ and
‘how’ when the researcher almost has no control over
the described event. Such studies usually base on
explanation of the subject through the prism of life
situations. For example, influence of political or
economic events on global wars and crisis.

8. EXPLORATORY CASE STUDIES
Exploratory studies try to find an answer on such
question as ‘who’ or ‘what’. During such studies,
scholars need to use additional methods of
collecting information. They include experiments,
questionnaires, interviews and so on.

9. DESCRIPTIVE CASE STUDIES
Descriptive studies are used to analyze a certain
sequence of events, which happened sometime
in the past, Examples: culture or history, when
students try to explain a certain phenomenon.

10. MULIPLE-CASE STUDIES
Investigate whether there are similarities or
difference among the case characteristics to get
better understanding of particular interests.

11. INTRINSIC CASE STUDY
Undertaken because of researcher intrinsic
interests, and aims to get deep
understanding of a certain case.

12. INSTRUMENTAL CASE STUDY
Provides a base to understand other issues.
Usually this case is a secondary interest of
the researcher and used to support other
interest.

13. TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION
 Documentation
 Archival records
 Interviews
 Direct observations
 Participant observation
 Physical artifacts.

14. 3 PRINCIPLES OF DATA COLLECTION
1. Use multiple sources of data,(Triangulation)
2. Create a case study data base
•case study notes, case study documents,
tabular materials ,narratives
3. Maintain a chain of evidence.
research questions to ultimate conclusions, the
circumstances.

15. METHODS AND ANALYSIS
side by side This is done in 3 stages;
Stage1:- Describing experience- The data
collected from multiple sources are mapped; and
then categorized using color codes, taxonomies
and chronological ordering.

16. METHODS AND ANALYSIS
Stage2:- Describing meaning- In this stage
the researcher consults the literature and
links the research questions and methods to
the philosophical frame work

17. METHODS AND ANALYSIS
Stage3:- Focus on the analysis- Generalization of
case study findings is limited to the case itself or
types of cases, but attention to selected details
enhances the analysis and increases the clarity of
reasoning.

18. MERITS
 Good source of ideas about behavior
 Good opportunity for innovation
 Good method to study rare phenomena
 Good method to challenge theoretical
assumptions.

19. DEMERITS
 Hard to draw definite case effect conclusions
 Hard to generalize from a single case
 Possible biases in data collection and
interpretation (since single person gathers and
analyze the information)

20. THANK YOU SOO MUCH