A 53-year-old nonsmoking female patient had no underlying
disease. She had received regular health check-ups since 2016, and annual chest radiographs reported one enlarging lesion over right lower lung fi eld (Figure 1). She had no specifi c symptom except occasional cough. She visited our out-patient department. Chest Computed Tomography (CT) scan was arranged, and one soft -tissue nodule was found over right lower lobe of lung (Figure 2). Another protruding mass with overlying irregular mucosa from the RB8 orifi ce leading to 80% occlusion was noted by bronchoscopy (Figure 3).Bronchoscopic biopsy of the endobronchial lesion was done by
interventional pulmonologist, and pathology report showed chronicinflammation. CT-guided biopsy of the lung nodule was not feasible because the tumor was too close to blood vessels. Due to rapid progression of the lesions and the possibility of malignancy that could not be ruled out, surgical biopsy was arranged. Owing to the central location of the lesions, Video-Assisted Th oracoscopic Surgery (VATS) for RLL lobectomy with radical lymph node dissection was done in 2018. Intraoperative specimen revealed one intraparenchymal tumor and the other endobronchial tumor, causing obstructive pneumonitis. Surgical pathology disclosed Rosai-Dorfman disease with features of IgG4 related disease (Figure 4). Harvested lymph
nodes were all benign anthracosis. Postoperative serum levels of IgG and IgG4 were within normal range.
A 53-year-old nonsmoking female patient had no underlying
disease. She had received regular health check-ups since 2016, and annual chest radiographs reported one enlarging lesion over right lower lung fi eld (Figure 1). She had no specifi c symptom except occasional cough. She visited our out-patient department. Chest Computed Tomography (CT) scan was arranged, and one soft -tissue nodule was found over right lower lobe of lung (Figure 2). Another protruding mass with overlying irregular mucosa from the RB8 orifi ce leading to 80% occlusion was noted by bronchoscopy (Figure 3).Bronchoscopic biopsy of the endobronchial lesion was done by
interventional pulmonologist, and pathology report showed chronicinflammation. CT-guided biopsy of the lung nodule was not feasible because the tumor was too close to blood vessels. Due to rapid progression of the lesions and the possibility of malignancy that could not be ruled out, surgical biopsy was arranged. Owing to the central location of the lesions, Video-Assisted Th oracoscopic Surgery (VATS) for RLL lobectomy with radical lymph node dissection was done in 2018. Intraoperative specimen revealed one intraparenchymal tumor and the other endobronchial tumor, causing obstructive pneumonitis. Surgical pathology disclosed Rosai-Dorfman disease with features of IgG4 related disease (Figure 4). Harvested lymph
nodes were all benign anthracosis. Postoperative serum levels of IgG and IgG4 were within normal range.
review of literature for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement and balloon occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration in management of patients with varices hemorrhage
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma Of Caecum- A Case Reportiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection among Patients with Diabetes Melitus in...MCMScience
Background: & Objectives: Urinary tract infection is one of the most commonly occurring infections among the patients with diabetes mellitus.
Methods This investigation was based to evaluate the incidence of UTI in patients with DM. Between January, 2013 to November, 1000 diabetic urine samples were collected. All urine samples were processed in the lab following standard laboratory protocol.
Results: A total of 25 UTI organisms were isolated from 361 urine samples collected from the diabetic patients attending the Department of Emergency, University Hospital Center "Mother Theresa” (QSUT) from. The incidence of UTI was recorded to 36.1%. Escherichia coli (54%) was found to be the major cause of UTI. About 5 different types of organisms isolated from the UTI samples were randomly chosen to test against the UTI antibiotics.
Interpretation & Conclusion: The antibiotic susceptibility pattern revealed that ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin were most effective to e.coli 79.6%, and 89.4%. These data may be used to determine trends in antimicrobial susceptibilities, to formulate local antibiotic policies and to assist clinicians in the choice of antibiotic therapy to prevent misuse, or overuse of antibiotics.
Key Words: Diabetes mellitus (DM), Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Bacteria, antimicrobial resistance
OVEREXPRESSION OF VEGF AND VEGFR2 IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS AND LIVER CIRRHOSISANCA MARIA CIMPEAN
VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and the receptor for VEGF- Flk-1 (fetal liver kinase 1) are important players of normal and pathologic angiogenesis. Also, it was proved that they are involved in tumor progression and metastasis in many tumors types by overexpression in cancer cells. Liver malignances and premalignant lesions represent controversial issues concerning VEGF and VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) expression and their potential involvement in the progression of inflammatory and cirrhotic lesions and also in malignant transformation is virtually unknown. The aim of this work was to describe the differentiate expression and distribution of VEGF and VEGFR2 in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, and according to these findings to better characterize the molecular profiling of liver disease with malignant transformation potential. We investigated 20 cases with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis on specimens taken during surgery. Immunohistochemistry was performed in all cases for VEGF, VEGFR2, and FVIII related antigen (Von Willebrand factor). We found significant correlation between HAI (histological activity index) value, VEGF and VEGFR2 expression and factor FVIII related antigen in central part of specimens with chronic hepatitis. Liver cirrhosis lacks this correlation. Our findings suggested that VEGF dependent angiogenesis is more active in chronic hepatitis in the center of the lesion compared with cirrhosis where MVD (microvessel density) is higher at the periphery of the nodules. We hypothesize that the involvement of VEGF and VEGFR2 complex in development of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis could be considered for the use of anti VEGF antibodies as adjuvant therapy in early stages of these diseases.
Key Words: VEGF, VEGFR 2, liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis
Abstract
Hepatic angiosarcoma is a rare tumour that is often difficult to diagnose. Historically, most cases of hepatic angiosarcoma were seen in the setting of industrial epidemics caused by exposure of workers to toxins such as vinyl chloride. Cases associated with recognised exposure to carcinogens have fortunately been extremely rare for the last three or more decades. However, the tumour has by no means disappeared in the Australian community. In this case series, we describe three cases of hepatic angiosarcoma that were seen at our institution since 2002. The first case presented with cholestatic liver function tests and was found to have angiosarcoma on liver biopsy. In the second case, the patient was admitted for decompensated liver disease on a background of presumed hepatitis B cirrhosis. The diagnosis of hepatic angiosarcoma was made only at autopsy after the patient died from multi-organ failure. The third case presented with ascites and the diagnosis of disseminated angiosarcoma was again made at autopsy following a negative ante-mortem liver biopsy.
review of literature for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement and balloon occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration in management of patients with varices hemorrhage
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma Of Caecum- A Case Reportiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection among Patients with Diabetes Melitus in...MCMScience
Background: & Objectives: Urinary tract infection is one of the most commonly occurring infections among the patients with diabetes mellitus.
Methods This investigation was based to evaluate the incidence of UTI in patients with DM. Between January, 2013 to November, 1000 diabetic urine samples were collected. All urine samples were processed in the lab following standard laboratory protocol.
Results: A total of 25 UTI organisms were isolated from 361 urine samples collected from the diabetic patients attending the Department of Emergency, University Hospital Center "Mother Theresa” (QSUT) from. The incidence of UTI was recorded to 36.1%. Escherichia coli (54%) was found to be the major cause of UTI. About 5 different types of organisms isolated from the UTI samples were randomly chosen to test against the UTI antibiotics.
Interpretation & Conclusion: The antibiotic susceptibility pattern revealed that ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin were most effective to e.coli 79.6%, and 89.4%. These data may be used to determine trends in antimicrobial susceptibilities, to formulate local antibiotic policies and to assist clinicians in the choice of antibiotic therapy to prevent misuse, or overuse of antibiotics.
Key Words: Diabetes mellitus (DM), Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Bacteria, antimicrobial resistance
OVEREXPRESSION OF VEGF AND VEGFR2 IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS AND LIVER CIRRHOSISANCA MARIA CIMPEAN
VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and the receptor for VEGF- Flk-1 (fetal liver kinase 1) are important players of normal and pathologic angiogenesis. Also, it was proved that they are involved in tumor progression and metastasis in many tumors types by overexpression in cancer cells. Liver malignances and premalignant lesions represent controversial issues concerning VEGF and VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) expression and their potential involvement in the progression of inflammatory and cirrhotic lesions and also in malignant transformation is virtually unknown. The aim of this work was to describe the differentiate expression and distribution of VEGF and VEGFR2 in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, and according to these findings to better characterize the molecular profiling of liver disease with malignant transformation potential. We investigated 20 cases with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis on specimens taken during surgery. Immunohistochemistry was performed in all cases for VEGF, VEGFR2, and FVIII related antigen (Von Willebrand factor). We found significant correlation between HAI (histological activity index) value, VEGF and VEGFR2 expression and factor FVIII related antigen in central part of specimens with chronic hepatitis. Liver cirrhosis lacks this correlation. Our findings suggested that VEGF dependent angiogenesis is more active in chronic hepatitis in the center of the lesion compared with cirrhosis where MVD (microvessel density) is higher at the periphery of the nodules. We hypothesize that the involvement of VEGF and VEGFR2 complex in development of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis could be considered for the use of anti VEGF antibodies as adjuvant therapy in early stages of these diseases.
Key Words: VEGF, VEGFR 2, liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis
Abstract
Hepatic angiosarcoma is a rare tumour that is often difficult to diagnose. Historically, most cases of hepatic angiosarcoma were seen in the setting of industrial epidemics caused by exposure of workers to toxins such as vinyl chloride. Cases associated with recognised exposure to carcinogens have fortunately been extremely rare for the last three or more decades. However, the tumour has by no means disappeared in the Australian community. In this case series, we describe three cases of hepatic angiosarcoma that were seen at our institution since 2002. The first case presented with cholestatic liver function tests and was found to have angiosarcoma on liver biopsy. In the second case, the patient was admitted for decompensated liver disease on a background of presumed hepatitis B cirrhosis. The diagnosis of hepatic angiosarcoma was made only at autopsy after the patient died from multi-organ failure. The third case presented with ascites and the diagnosis of disseminated angiosarcoma was again made at autopsy following a negative ante-mortem liver biopsy.
This lecture prides 8 easy steps of scanning the neonatal brain through anterior fontanelle ,followed by examples of most commonly encountered abnormalities.
Abdominal Pain as Initial Presentation of Lung Adenocarcinomaasclepiuspdfs
Isolated celiac lymph node metastasis (ICLNM), in general, is not common with a reported incidence of 5–10% for lung adenocarcinoma. Lung adenocarcinoma rarely metastasizes to the celiac lymph node leading to abdominal pain. It is not typical for ICLNM to be the initial presentation of lung adenocarcinoma as well. In this case, a 56-year-old man presented with a 4-week history of persistent periumbilical dull pain. Workup was remarkable for celiac lymph node mass which turned out to be adenocarcinoma with unknown primary cancer. Whole body position emission tomography scan and biopsy of the mass with immunohistochemistry could identify lung adenocarcinoma as the primary cancer. After a well-informed discussion of options for chemotherapy drugs with the patient, the decision was made to pursue bevacizumab combined with chemotherapeutics. He was charged home with abdominal pain relief and outpatient follow-up after short-course of chemotherapy.
Imaging of Diffuse B Cell Large Lymphoma in Liver, Kidneys, Pancreas and Myoc...semualkaira
A 41-year-old man was transferred to our Infectious Diseases Unit
with a history of three weeks of fever, abdominal pain, nausea,
vomiting and weight loss. He was HIV positive since 2013 but discontinued antiretroviral therapy in 2019. A
Imaging of Diffuse B Cell Large Lymphoma in Liver, Kidneys, Pancreas and Myoc...semualkaira
A 41-year-old man was transferred to our Infectious Diseases Unit
with a history of three weeks of fever, abdominal pain, nausea,
vomiting and weight loss. He was HIV positive since 2013 but discontinued antiretroviral therapy in 2019
Imaging of Diffuse B Cell Large Lymphoma in Liver, Kidneys, Pancreas and Myoc...semualkaira
A 41-year-old man was transferred to our Infectious Diseases Unit
with a history of three weeks of fever, abdominal pain, nausea,
vomiting and weight loss. He was HIV positive since 2013 but discontinued antiretroviral therapy in 2019. At admission he was afebrile, with haemoglobin level of 12.8 g/dL
Imaging of Diffuse B Cell Large Lymphoma in Liver, Kidneys, Pancreas and Myoc...semualkaira
A 41-year-old man was transferred to our Infectious Diseases Unit
with a history of three weeks of fever, abdominal pain, nausea,
vomiting and weight loss. He was HIV positive since 2013 but discontinued antiretroviral therapy in 2019.
Imaging of Diffuse B Cell Large Lymphoma in Liver, Kidneys, Pancreas and Myoc...semualkaira
A 41-year-old man was transferred to our Infectious Diseases Unit
with a history of three weeks of fever, abdominal pain, nausea,
vomiting and weight loss. He was HIV positive since 2013 but discontinued antiretroviral therapy in 2019
Imaging of Diffuse B Cell Large Lymphoma in Liver, Kidneys, Pancreas and Myoc...semualkaira
A 41-year-old man was transferred to our Infectious Diseases Unit
with a history of three weeks of fever, abdominal pain, nausea,
vomiting and weight loss. He was HIV positive since 2013 but discontinued antiretroviral therapy in 2019. At admission he was afebrile, with haemoglobin level of 12.8 g/dL, leucocytes 4,340 cells/
mm³, platelets 237,000 cells/mm³, reative C protein 14.1 mg/dL,
urea 48 mg/dL, creatinin 0.98 mg/dL, n
Imaging of Diffuse B Cell Large Lymphoma in Liver, Kidneys, Pancreas and Myoc...semualkaira
A 41-year-old man was transferred to our Infectious Diseases Unit
with a history of three weeks of fever, abdominal pain, nausea,
vomiting and weight loss. He was HIV positive since 2013 but discontinued antiretroviral therapy in 2019. At admission he was afebrile, with haemoglobin level of 12.8 g/dL, leucocytes 4,340 cells/
mm³, platelets 237,000 cells/mm³, reative C protein 14.1 mg/dL,
urea 48 mg/dL, creatinin 0.98 mg/dL, n
Imaging of Diffuse B Cell Large Lymphoma in Liver, Kidneys, Pancreas and Myoc...semualkaira
A 41-year-old man was transferred to our Infectious Diseases Unit
with a history of three weeks of fever, abdominal pain, nausea,
vomiting and weight loss. He was HIV positive since 2013 but discontinued antiretroviral therapy in 2019. At admission he was afebrile, with haemoglobin level of 12.8 g/dL
Tuberculous Ileal Perforation in Post-Appendicectomy PeriOperative Period: A ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Empyema Complicating Pleural Pseudo-Tumour in Human Immunodeficiency Viral Di...semualkaira
Empyema is suppurative infection in the pleural cavity associated with accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity.
It is common among people with immunosuppression.
Spontaneous Tubercular Recto-Prostatic Urethral Fistula, A Rare Presentation ...semualkaira
We describe a case of tuberculous rectal prostatic urethral fistula in 34yrs old HIV positive male. He presented with passage of
urine per anal during voiding without fecaluria, preceded with
lower urinary tract symptoms, evening fever, night sweats and
significant unintentional weight loss in which diagnosis was confirmed through tissue histopathology. We treated this patient conservativel, initially by suprapubic urinary diversion followed by
standard ant tubercular therapy for extra pulmonary tuberculosis.
We had a holistic approach of which the treatment team to this
rare condition included urologist, pathologist, radiologist and infectious disease specialist at Muhimbili National hospital in Dar
es Salaam. We report this case because of its rarity, few published
cases in literatures and moreover it has not reported previously
elsewhere in Tanzania.
Spontaneous Tubercular Recto-Prostatic Urethral Fistula, A Rare Presentation ...semualkaira
We describe a case of tuberculous rectal prostatic urethral fistula in 34yrs old HIV positive male. He presented with passage of
urine per anal during voiding without fecaluria, preceded with
lower urinary tract symptoms, evening fever, night sweats and
significant unintentional weight loss in which diagnosis was confirmed through tissue histopathology. We treated this patient conservativel, initially by suprapubic urinary diversion followed by
standard ant tubercular therapy for extra pulmonary tuberculosis.
We had a holistic approach of which the treatment team to this
rare condition included urologist, pathologist, radiologist and infectious disease specialist at Muhimbili National hospital in Dar
es Salaam. We report this case because of its rarity, few published
cases in literatures and moreover it has not reported previously
elsewhere in Tanzania.
Introduction
Cutaneous metastases from abdominal malignancies are rare and have been reported in less than 5% of patients [1]. Furthermore, metastases in patients suffering from colorectal neoplasia are even rarer entity. Tan et al, among 2538 of the new cases of colorectal cancer over the period of 6 years, reported only 3 cases (0.1%) with cutaneous deposits [1]. Presentation varies from cutaneous or subcutaneous small nodules, rash or large fungating lesions [1-4]. Inevitably, their presence implies the disease progression, and poor prognosis with the reported survival between 1 to 34 months [2,3,5].
We report a case of an elderly patient who initially was thought to present with a simple skin infection. Subsequently, the patient was diagnosed with the moderately differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma and required the right hemicolectomy. This case highlights that a high index of suspicion is recommended in an unresolving skin erythema.
Ticking bomb in the abdomen..story of diverticular disease .
Case report :systemic torulopsis after gastric bypass operation
1. Case Report: Computed tomography findings in
Torulopsis Glabrata infection after gastric bypass
surgery for morbid obesity.
Authors:
Ahmed a Bahnassy (1),Faysal Al Ahmary (2 ) ,and Hayfaa Al harby (3)
1-Ahmed Atteya Bahnassy MBCHB ,MSc,FRCR-Consultant Radiologist.
2-Faysal Al Ahmry MBCHB,SBR-Senior Registrar Radiology.
3-Hayfaa Al harby MBCHB,SBR,JBR-Consultant Radiologist.
1,2 abd 3 from Radiology department –Riyadh Military Hospital
Correspondence :
Ahmed A Bahnassy
Consultant Radiologist-Riyadh Military Hospital ,Riyadh ,Saudi Arabia.P.O. box 7897
Riaydh 11159.Kngdom of Saudi Arabia
e-mail:aatteya2001@yahoo.com
Tel:0096614777714/23529
2. Introduction:
Gastric bypass is the most common bariatric operation and successfully
provides significant and long-term weight loss, improvements in quality of life,
resolution of obesity-associated comorbidities, and likely extension of life span.
Overall complication rate is of 15% to 20%.3-6.However possibility of flaring
of infection should be kept in mind as a potential fatal occurrence.
While Candida albicans is still the most common cause of infections caused by
yeast-like organisms, other species, notably Torulopsis (Candida) glabrata, are
becoming increasingly important, especially in immunocompromised persons.[1]
Case report:
Our case is a 50 year old lady, known case of morbid obesity ( BMI = 49) for
which she had laparoscopic RYGB 5 months back, presented to Riyadh Military
Hospital complaining of generalized fatiguability for 2 months, associated with diffuse
abdominal pain, jaundice, abdominal distension, anorexia and weight loss of 30 kg
over 2 months after RYGB.
CT abdomen performed and revealed:
Pulmonary nodules(Figure 1 ),ascitis,liver miliary shadows,splenic focal lesions,
hypodense lymph nodes,and gall bladde hydrops.(Figures 2 and 3 )
3. Figure 1:Lower Chest cuts revealing pulmonary nodules ,with tree in bud appearance
(arrow)
4. Figure 2: CT abdomen showing military liver nosules ,ascitis ,splenic hypodense focal
lesions and hypodense paraaortic lymph nodes
5. Figure 3:CT Abdomen showing ascetic fluid ,hypodense and military hepatic
nodules,hydrops of gall bladder ,splenic focal lesions and abdominal fatty stranding.
The patient deteriorated after night and a second CT revealed presence of
pneumoperitoneum.
Patient was taken to theater and intraoperative findings included;
1. Gush of air upon indicative of pneumoperitoneum
2. A perforated stomal ulcer at the gastrojejunostomy
3. Massive bile stained ascitis
4. Shrunken liver with diffuse granular involvement
5. Hugely distended gall bladder
6. Diffusely granular & enlarged spleen
7. Thickened , fibrotic, diffusely granular greater omentum..
6. Liver and omental biopsies were taken.
Results of pathology:
Wedge liver biopsy : features of cirrhosis, extensive steatosis > 95% of parenchyma,
necrotizing granulomatous inflammation highly suggestive of T.B.
Omental biopsy : necrotizing granulomatous inflammation., negative acid fast
bacilli….and Heavy growth of candida glabrata (syn.:Torulopsis)
Unfortunately the patient developed multiorgan failure and expired after 2 days.
Discussion:
Here we describe the occurrence of Torulopsis glabrata,as one potential life
threatening complication after RYGB .
The most common fungus to infect the liver and spleen is the Candida
species; however, this infection is diagnosed antemortem in only about 9% of cases
(2,). A definitive diagnosis is difficult to make because it is based on the findings in
biopsy specimen cultures, which are often negative for Candida organisms (3). This
may be due in part to delays in performing biopsy in these critically ill patients (4).
Contrast material–enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrates
innumerable hypoattenuating areas throughout the liver, and spleen (5)
In our case the presence of hydrops of gall bladder was an additional finding
,associated with severe infection.
The chest radiographic features of Candida pneumonia have been previously
described (6,7). Buff et al (7) identified unilateral and bilateral lobar and segmental
air-space.
Small-airway infection leads to inflammatory changes to the walls of
bronchioles, resulting in airway wall thickening and dilatation. Typically, CT findings
consist of centrilobular opacities arranged in a tree-in-bud pattern manifested by
small Y- and V-shaped opacities in the lung periphery, which represent bronchioles
that are impacted with inflammatory secretions. (8).
These findings were present in our case where the lower chest cuts revealed
micronodular infiltrations and tree in bud appearance.
However the CT manifestations of pulmonary candidiasis are similar to those
described in other pulmonary infections. (9,10) ..Therefore any such CT findings
should trigger prompt ascetic tapping or liver biopsy to achieve a timely laboratory
diagnosis.
7. This case highlights the possibility of systemic fungal infection as a potential
life threatening complications after gastric bypass operation.
The CT appearance of systemic torulopsis,were emphasized as well as the
importance of urgent tissue diagnosis ,as any delay can cost the patient life.
References:
1. Fidell PL, Vazquez JA, Sobell JD. Candida glabrata: Review of epidemiology,
pathogenesis, and clinical disease with comparison to C. albicans. Clin Micro
Rev. 1999;12:80–96
2. Pfaffenbach B, Donhuijsen K, Pahnke K, et al. Systemic fungal infections in
hematologic neoplasm: an autopsy study of 1,053 patients. Med Klin (Munich)
1994; 89:299-304.
3. Thaler M, Pastakia B, Shawker TH, O’Leary T, Pizzo PA. Hepatic candidiasis in
cancer patients: the evolving picture of the syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1988;
108:88-100.
4. Pagano L, Mele L, Fianchi L, et al. Chronic disseminated candidiasis in patients
with hematologic malignancies: clinical features and outcome of 29 episodes.
Haematologica 2002; 87:535-541.
5. Nicholas J. E. Moore, MD, Johnsey L. Leef, III, MD and Yijun Pang, MD,
Systemic Candidiasis PhDRadiographics. 2003;23:1287-1290.
6. Kassner EG, Kauffman SL, Yoon JJ, Semiglia M, Kozinn PJ, Goldberg PL.
Pulmonary candidiasis in infants: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features. AJR
Am J Roentgenol 1981; 137:707–716.
7. Buff SJ, McLelland R, Gallis HA, Matthay R, Putman CE. Candida albicans
pneumonia: radiographic appearance. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1982; 138:645–648.
8. Leung AN, Gosselin MV, Napper CH, et al. Pulmonary infections after bone
marrow transplantation: clinical and radiographic findings. Radiology 1999;
210:699–710.
9. Tomás Franquet, MD, Nestor L. Müller, MD, PhD, Kyung S. Lee, MD, Anastasia
Oikonomou, MD and Julia D. Flint, MD. Pulmonary Candidiasis after
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Thin-Section CT Findings, Radiology
2005;236:332-337.
10. Hruban RH, Meziane MA, Zerhouni EA, Wheeler PS, Dumler JS, Hutchins GM.
Radiologic-pathologic correlation of the CT halo sign in invasive pulmonary
aspergillosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1987; 11:534–536 .