This case presentation describes a 26-year-old female patient who is pregnant with her third child. During her previous pregnancies she had two cesarean sections. For her current pregnancy, ultrasounds showed the placenta was completely covering her cervix, indicating a high-risk condition called placenta increta. At 35 weeks of gestation, she was admitted to the hospital. She underwent an emergency cesarean section along with a hysterectomy to remove the placenta and uterus due to the placenta increta. She experienced significant blood loss during the procedure and required multiple blood transfusions, but recovered in the ICU.
This Case Presenataiton was presented in Central Presentation of Faridpur Medical College Hospital, in November 2019, by Dr. Faisal Abdullah, MBBS; who was an Intern Doctor of Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of FMCH.
A Case of Primigravida with 36 weeks of pregnancy with IUD with obstructed la...Faisal Abdullah
This case was presented on weekly seminar of Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics ( Unit 1) of Faridpur Medical College Hospital, in October 2019, by Intern Doctor Dr. Faisal Abdullah.
Covers the basic information about abortions that you need to know with in depth discussion of the different types of abortions and their characteristics
This Case Presenataiton was presented in Central Presentation of Faridpur Medical College Hospital, in November 2019, by Dr. Faisal Abdullah, MBBS; who was an Intern Doctor of Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of FMCH.
A Case of Primigravida with 36 weeks of pregnancy with IUD with obstructed la...Faisal Abdullah
This case was presented on weekly seminar of Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics ( Unit 1) of Faridpur Medical College Hospital, in October 2019, by Intern Doctor Dr. Faisal Abdullah.
Covers the basic information about abortions that you need to know with in depth discussion of the different types of abortions and their characteristics
Abortions and Maternal Termination of Pregnancy pptMichael Kino
Abortion means spontaneous or induced expulsion of products of conception before the period of viability( 28 weeks).
In medical practice, the abortion occurs in 1st trimester, miscarriage in the 2nd trimester and premature labor in the 3rd trimester.
legally all the above terms are synonymous.
Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) is defined as bleeding from or in to the genital tract, occurring from 24+0 weeks of pregnancy and prior to the birth of the baby. The most important causes of APH are placenta praevia and placental abruption, although these are not the most common.
Types 1 and 2 are classified as minor placental praevia as these typically result in minor antepartum haemorrhaging. Types 3 and 4 are referred to as major placental praevia due to the risk of heavy haemorrhaging in the case of a rupture due to the location of placental attachment.
This presentation describes approach to a patient presenting with early pregnancy bleeding. It also includes a brief outline about the management of miscarriage, molar pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy.
Anaestehsia for Cesarean section in a patient with Central Placenta Previa wi...Md Rabiul Alam
Central placenta praevia with percreta carries a very high mortality rate for mother and foetus. Prior multidisciplinary consultation, strategy, contingency plan, skill and expertise can provide optimistic outcomes.
Abortions and Maternal Termination of Pregnancy pptMichael Kino
Abortion means spontaneous or induced expulsion of products of conception before the period of viability( 28 weeks).
In medical practice, the abortion occurs in 1st trimester, miscarriage in the 2nd trimester and premature labor in the 3rd trimester.
legally all the above terms are synonymous.
Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) is defined as bleeding from or in to the genital tract, occurring from 24+0 weeks of pregnancy and prior to the birth of the baby. The most important causes of APH are placenta praevia and placental abruption, although these are not the most common.
Types 1 and 2 are classified as minor placental praevia as these typically result in minor antepartum haemorrhaging. Types 3 and 4 are referred to as major placental praevia due to the risk of heavy haemorrhaging in the case of a rupture due to the location of placental attachment.
This presentation describes approach to a patient presenting with early pregnancy bleeding. It also includes a brief outline about the management of miscarriage, molar pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy.
Anaestehsia for Cesarean section in a patient with Central Placenta Previa wi...Md Rabiul Alam
Central placenta praevia with percreta carries a very high mortality rate for mother and foetus. Prior multidisciplinary consultation, strategy, contingency plan, skill and expertise can provide optimistic outcomes.
OBSTRUCTED LABOR is an emergency that poses significant risk to the life of both mother and fetus. A condition usually associated with low socioeconomic status puts much burden on the fragile health care delivery in subsaharan Africa
Managament of anastomotic leak - case capsule- Dr Keyur BhattDrKeyurBhattMSMRCSEd
Management of anastomotic leak after gastrointestinal surgery. This is very important step for any general or GI surgeons to know how to deal with the anastomotic leak following surgery.
Cervical incompetence is the inability for the cervix to retain an intra-uterine pregnancy till term as a result of structural and functional defects of the cervix
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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3. • 26 year old female Biramane komal a resident of kajve village
near panshet pune
• She is a gravida 3 para 2 living 2 had her first visit in our
hospital in the 4th month of her pregnancy
• She was adviced haematinics routine labs and USG at our
hospital
• She had regular ANC visits after then
5. Obstetric h/o
• She is married since 5 years
• G1 – female 4 years old spontaneous conception with fTLSCS
i/v/o cord around neck done electively no complictions intraop
or postop
• h/o using injectable contraceptives
• G2- female 1 year old with FTLSCS i/v/o prev LSCS wid no
complications A & W
• G3 – pp
6. 1st scan
• She took haematinics and calcium as per advice and had
regular ANC visits
• She did her first usg at 25 weeks which was suggestive of
single live intrauterine gestation of 25 weeks 6 days
• Placenta is completely covering the internal os
• EDD 29/4/17
• Foetal parameters were normal and no anomalies seen
7. Growth scan
• s/o – single live intrauterine foetus of getational age 33 weeks
with IUGR .
• Liqour is less ( AFI 8)
• Total placenta previa is noted with placenta involving
myometrial thickness almost completely in lower segment
(placenta increta )
• LSCS scar could not be identified .
8. • She had received 2 betnesol injections at 32 weeks of gestation
24 hrs apart
• She was followed up every week after 32 weeks
• She was admitted to our hospital when she was 35 weeks of
gestation
9. On admission
• She was 35 weks 5 days on admission
• General examination
• Ht- 153cm
• Wt- 46.5 kg
• Pre pregnancy BMI – 17.9
• Wt gain = 4.5 kg
• Pulse = 86/min
• BP= 110/68 mmhg in right arm sitting position
• RR- 18/min
• No pallor ,oedema , icterus , cyanosis.
10. • CNS ,RS , CVS = NAD
• P/A= abdomen was ovoid
• striae gravidarum and linea nigra seen
• lower abdominal scar seen – healthy
• SFH – 32cm
• ut was 34 weeks
• relaxed
• foetus had a tranverse lie
• FHS 148/min
12. • Urea – 16 mg/dl
• Creat- 0.6 mg/dl
• Na – 141 mmol/l
• K - 3.7 mmol/l
• Cl – 105mmol/l
• T bili -0.3
• D bili – 0.1
13. • Patients xmatch was sent and patient was posted for an
elective LSCS on 31/3/17
• Patient was given general anaesthesia and one PCV was
issued before starting the surgery
• Pfannenstiel inscision was taken and abdomen opened in
layers .
• Lower uterine segment was bulging and highly vascular wid
underlying placenta .
• Vertical inscision taken over uterus and baby delivered with
breech presentation by classical c section.
14. • Placenta kept in situ and uterus compressed wid manual
pressure and B/L internal iliac arteries were ligated
• Then the placenta being in situ obstetric hysterectomy was
started
• There was significant amount of bleeding in the lower pedicles
as the placenta began to separate
• The hysterectomy was completed and the uterus delivered out .
• Vault was closed and bladder injury was repaired
15. • Patient received 4 pcv and 4 ffp during the surgery with other iv
fluids
• Total blood loss of 3.5 litres suspected during the surgery
• Patient had hypotension during the sugery so was put on
vasopressors and was shifted to SICU on ventilatory support
• Patient was given 2 PCV and 2 FFP in the SICU
