The document evaluates the performance of the new VITEK 2 system and identification cards for gram-positive (GP), gram-negative (GN) and Bacillus (BCL) bacteria commonly found in the environment of pharmaceutical industries. 404 bacterial isolates previously identified by 16S rRNA sequencing were tested. The GN card identified 92% correctly with 8% misidentified. The GP card identified 98.5% correctly with 1.5% misidentified. The BCL card identified 88.3% correctly, with 4.5% misidentified and 7.2% unidentified. The study demonstrates the VITEK 2 system can reliably identify the most common environmental bacteria isolated from pharmaceutical industries.
This document discusses practical approaches for diagnosing viral diseases in poultry, including clinical diagnosis, rapid field diagnostic tests, serological diagnosis, molecular diagnosis, and isolation/characterization. Clinical diagnosis is based on case history, clinical signs, examination of live/dead birds, and gross lesions. Rapid field tests can detect viruses but require high viral titers. Serological tests detect antibodies but have delays. Molecular diagnosis using PCR technologies can sensitively and specifically detect pathogens. The document emphasizes that clinical signs alone are not confirmatory and that multiple diagnostic approaches should be used to accurately diagnose poultry viral diseases.
This document discusses biochemical identification of bacteria. It begins by distinguishing phenotypic tests, which detect physical bacterial properties influenced by gene expression, from genotypic tests, which detect the genetic code directly. Biochemical tests are considered phenotypic. The document outlines pros and cons of biochemical tests, how they work by detecting enzyme reactions, examples of common tests, and how diagnostic algorithms incorporate multiple tests for identification. It notes biochemical tests are being increasingly replaced by automated and genetic methods.
Global germplasm collections: sure benefits without seedborne diseasesCIAT
1) The CIAT germplasm bank holds over 67,000 bean accessions, 33 cassava accessions, and over 23,000 tropical forage accessions, which are distributed internationally to benefit food security.
2) CIAT works with ICA to ensure germplasm exports are free of quarantine pests through disease testing and indexing. Research is conducted to improve health, such as managing ergot disease in Brachiaria.
3) Molecular diagnostic methods have been standardized to detect viruses in cassava, allowing detection of multiple viruses from one sample and improving over use of indicator plants. This benefits distribution of virus-free material.
Creative Biogene is a leading biotechnology company offering a suite of trusted services and solutions for identification, classification, quantitation and functional analysis of microbes in complex biological mixtures.
https://microbiosci.creative-biogene.com/microbial-identification.html
Microbiome Identification to Characterization: Pathogen Detection Webinar Ser...QIAGEN
This document discusses the development of rapid detection methods for microbial and microbiome analysis and their applications to human health. It provides an overview of QIAGEN's microbial qPCR products and discusses focused metagenomics applications like screening for antibiotic resistance genes in the food supply and human gut. Limitations of current methods are outlined and the benefits of qPCR for rapid, specific, and sensitive microbial detection are described.
This presentation covers water microbiology, microbial indicators, and problems with reverse osmosis microbiology. It defines microbiology and microorganisms, classifying them into bacteria, protozoa, algae, fungi, and viruses. Common bacterial indicators for water quality are discussed, including total plate count, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci. Sampling, culturing, and identification methods like pour plating, membrane filtration, and enzyme substrates are explained. The roles of various treatment processes in inactivating microorganisms are reviewed. The presentation concludes with an overview of the key topics learned.
Characterization of antifungal metabolite from serendipitiously isolated bact...Dhananjay Desai
The document describes the isolation and characterization of an antifungal metabolite from a bacterium. A bacterium was isolated serendipitously from a contaminated agar plate that showed antifungal activity. It was identified as a novel strain of Pseudomonas tolaasii based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The bacterium showed activity against various fungi in agar assays. The active metabolite was extracted using ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis, and showed activity based on MODA assays. FTIR analysis identified functional groups matching lipodepsipeptides. Further studies are needed to purify and characterize the antifungal molecule.
Microbiome Isolation and DNA Enrichment Protocol: Pathogen Detection Webinar ...QIAGEN
This slidedeck presents an easy-to-use workflow that allows selective isolation of microbial DNA from samples that are intrinsically rich in host DNA. This protocol includes steps for efficient depletion of host DNA while providing optimized conditions specific for bacterial lysis. This workflow is also specific for the identification of live bacteria, avoiding false results due to nucleic acids from dead bacteria. Enriched microbial DNA can be directly used in other molecular methods such as whole genome sequencing, qPCR and microarray assays.
This document discusses practical approaches for diagnosing viral diseases in poultry, including clinical diagnosis, rapid field diagnostic tests, serological diagnosis, molecular diagnosis, and isolation/characterization. Clinical diagnosis is based on case history, clinical signs, examination of live/dead birds, and gross lesions. Rapid field tests can detect viruses but require high viral titers. Serological tests detect antibodies but have delays. Molecular diagnosis using PCR technologies can sensitively and specifically detect pathogens. The document emphasizes that clinical signs alone are not confirmatory and that multiple diagnostic approaches should be used to accurately diagnose poultry viral diseases.
This document discusses biochemical identification of bacteria. It begins by distinguishing phenotypic tests, which detect physical bacterial properties influenced by gene expression, from genotypic tests, which detect the genetic code directly. Biochemical tests are considered phenotypic. The document outlines pros and cons of biochemical tests, how they work by detecting enzyme reactions, examples of common tests, and how diagnostic algorithms incorporate multiple tests for identification. It notes biochemical tests are being increasingly replaced by automated and genetic methods.
Global germplasm collections: sure benefits without seedborne diseasesCIAT
1) The CIAT germplasm bank holds over 67,000 bean accessions, 33 cassava accessions, and over 23,000 tropical forage accessions, which are distributed internationally to benefit food security.
2) CIAT works with ICA to ensure germplasm exports are free of quarantine pests through disease testing and indexing. Research is conducted to improve health, such as managing ergot disease in Brachiaria.
3) Molecular diagnostic methods have been standardized to detect viruses in cassava, allowing detection of multiple viruses from one sample and improving over use of indicator plants. This benefits distribution of virus-free material.
Creative Biogene is a leading biotechnology company offering a suite of trusted services and solutions for identification, classification, quantitation and functional analysis of microbes in complex biological mixtures.
https://microbiosci.creative-biogene.com/microbial-identification.html
Microbiome Identification to Characterization: Pathogen Detection Webinar Ser...QIAGEN
This document discusses the development of rapid detection methods for microbial and microbiome analysis and their applications to human health. It provides an overview of QIAGEN's microbial qPCR products and discusses focused metagenomics applications like screening for antibiotic resistance genes in the food supply and human gut. Limitations of current methods are outlined and the benefits of qPCR for rapid, specific, and sensitive microbial detection are described.
This presentation covers water microbiology, microbial indicators, and problems with reverse osmosis microbiology. It defines microbiology and microorganisms, classifying them into bacteria, protozoa, algae, fungi, and viruses. Common bacterial indicators for water quality are discussed, including total plate count, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci. Sampling, culturing, and identification methods like pour plating, membrane filtration, and enzyme substrates are explained. The roles of various treatment processes in inactivating microorganisms are reviewed. The presentation concludes with an overview of the key topics learned.
Characterization of antifungal metabolite from serendipitiously isolated bact...Dhananjay Desai
The document describes the isolation and characterization of an antifungal metabolite from a bacterium. A bacterium was isolated serendipitously from a contaminated agar plate that showed antifungal activity. It was identified as a novel strain of Pseudomonas tolaasii based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The bacterium showed activity against various fungi in agar assays. The active metabolite was extracted using ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis, and showed activity based on MODA assays. FTIR analysis identified functional groups matching lipodepsipeptides. Further studies are needed to purify and characterize the antifungal molecule.
Microbiome Isolation and DNA Enrichment Protocol: Pathogen Detection Webinar ...QIAGEN
This slidedeck presents an easy-to-use workflow that allows selective isolation of microbial DNA from samples that are intrinsically rich in host DNA. This protocol includes steps for efficient depletion of host DNA while providing optimized conditions specific for bacterial lysis. This workflow is also specific for the identification of live bacteria, avoiding false results due to nucleic acids from dead bacteria. Enriched microbial DNA can be directly used in other molecular methods such as whole genome sequencing, qPCR and microarray assays.
Emilio Montesinos - Ingeniería de nuevos sistemas microbianos para una agricu...Fundación Ramón Areces
Los días 20 y 21 de mayo de 2014, la Fundación Ramón Areces organizó el Simposio Internacional 'Microorganismos beneficiosos para la agricultura y la protección de la biosfera' dentro de su programa de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Materia.
This document summarizes research progress at China Agricultural University (CAU) in pesticide residue analytical methodology and risk management. It describes the research group's work developing new multi-residue extraction and cleanup methods like dispersive solid phase extraction using multiwalled carbon nanotubes and multi-plug filtration cartridges. It also discusses applying these new methods to analyze pesticide residues in foods like tomatoes, soybeans, and citrus using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. Finally, it provides an overview of challenges in China's pesticide residue management system including establishing thousands of maximum residue limits for agricultural products and processed foods.
"In field molecular diagnostics as an aid to disease management"EMPHASIS PROJECT
Insights about isothermal Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays and how they can be used to diagnose the presence of latent diseases in the field, including those which are especially difficult to identify. They will show how assays are developed, and how they may be used to improve disease management choices.
The target audience are researchers, agri-business and forestry experts, farmers and foresters and any other interested in plant health.
Do not hesitate to contact EMPHASIS project through Facebook, Twitter, email (emphasisproject@gmail.com) or through their website (http://www.emphasisproject.eu/) if you want to be updated on webinars dates and content and book a ticket.
To watch on Youtube: https://youtu.be/yFEG9uTEhdc
Molecular techniques in food microbiologyNajiyaNaju1
This document discusses molecular techniques that are used in food microbiology. It describes several applications of molecular methods including detecting genetically modified foods, food authenticity testing, and microbial contamination detection. Common molecular methods described are PCR, RFLP, PFGE, and DNA microarrays. Specific techniques covered in more depth include real-time PCR, multiplex PCR, plasmid profiling, ribotyping, AFLP, LAMP, FISH, and biosensors. The document provides details on the basic principles and procedures for several of these important molecular analysis methods.
This presentation covers water microbiology and microbial indicators relevant to reverse osmosis plants. It introduces key microbiology concepts and classifications including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae. Common bacterial indicators for water quality are discussed such as heterotrophic plate count, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci. Methods for microbial testing including membrane filtration technique, pour plate method, and enzyme substrate techniques are summarized. Common RO plant microbiology problems involving biofilms are briefly explained. The presentation concludes with an overview of microbiological sampling and how various water treatment processes can achieve microorganism removal.
Setting up for successful lot release testing by Edmund AngMilliporeSigma
Is your lot release testing strategy ready for global commercialization?
In this webinar, you will learn:
• CMC testing requirements with CHO production platform for global commercialization
• Lot release testing of product intermediates and final product
• Product-specific qualification study
• Alternative rapid testing methods to advance lot release testing
CHO cells continue to serve as a key cell substrate for the manufacturing of recombinant proteins that span beyond therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and including subunit vaccines.
In this presentation, we will cover the CMC testing requirements with CHO production platform for global commercialization, Lot release testing of product intermediates and final product, product-specific qualification study and highlight the application of new testing methods and the benefits they bring to advance Lot Release Testing.
Setting up for successful lot release testing by Edmund AngMerck Life Sciences
Is your lot release testing strategy ready for global commercialization?
In this webinar, you will learn:
• CMC testing requirements with CHO production platform for global commercialization
• Lot release testing of product intermediates and final product
• Product-specific qualification study
• Alternative rapid testing methods to advance lot release testing
CHO cells continue to serve as a key cell substrate for the manufacturing of recombinant proteins that span beyond therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and including subunit vaccines.
In this presentation, we will cover the CMC testing requirements with CHO production platform for global commercialization, Lot release testing of product intermediates and final product, product-specific qualification study and highlight the application of new testing methods and the benefits they bring to advance Lot Release Testing.
The document provides an overview of genomics and molecular profiling techniques. It discusses:
- The lab for bioinformatics and computational genomics which has 10 "genome hackers" and 42 scientists.
- An introduction to personalized medicine and biomarkers.
- First generation molecular profiling techniques like gene sequencing, microarrays, PCR.
- Next generation sequencing techniques like Roche 454, Illumina, SOLID which allow high throughput sequencing.
- Next generation applications like RNA sequencing, exome sequencing, epigenetic profiling.
- The role of bioinformatics in analyzing large genomic and molecular profiling data.
The document discusses various methods for diagnosing important bacterial diseases through laboratory examination. Effective diagnosis allows for timely treatment and control measures. Key methods discussed include microscopy, culture techniques, biochemical reactions, serological identification, and molecular diagnosis. Microscopy can identify bacterial morphology and staining properties. Culture techniques isolate bacteria on selective media and examine colony characteristics. Biochemical tests identify metabolic properties. Serology detects bacterial antigens and antibodies. Molecular methods like PCR and sequencing provide sensitive, specific identification and can detect non-culturable bacteria. Together, these diagnostic methods allow clinicians to initiate appropriate treatment and control of bacterial outbreaks.
The document provides information on the diagnosis of important bacterial diseases. It discusses the importance of quick diagnostic results for effective treatment during disease outbreaks. It covers the types and activities of various antimicrobial classes against different bacteria and microorganisms. It also describes the scope of bacterial infections, types of bacteria, why diagnosis is needed, recommended diagnostics for various diseases, steps in diagnosis, prerequisites for laboratory examination including appropriate sample collection and transport, and various microbiological diagnostic techniques like microscopy, culture, and biochemical identification.
Global adventitious agent regulation of raw materials ibc sept 2010 final ver...chalverson
This document discusses global regulations pertaining to the control of adventitious agents in raw materials used in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. It covers regulations from agencies like the USDA, FDA, EMA, WHO, and others. It also provides information on risk assessment and minimizing risks from various adventitious agents like viruses, prions, mycoplasma, bacteria, and fungi. Specific controls are discussed like sourcing, testing, cleaning, filtration, heat treatment, pH treatment, and gamma irradiation. Challenges with certain resistant agents are also addressed.
This document discusses various methods for microbiological identification of organisms, including traditional phenotypic methods, immunological methods, and genotypic or molecular methods. It focuses on explaining identification using genotypic methods such as nucleic acid hybridization, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and nucleic acid sequence analysis including 16S rRNA analysis. Commercial genotypic methods like AccuProbe, MicroSEQ, and Riboprinter are also overviewed, along with their advantages and limitations compared to phenotypic identification methods. Overall genotypic methods are highlighted as being more accurate and precise than traditional techniques.
MicroPRO, A Rapid Microbiology Method Based on Flow Cytometryguest32bcc5
This document provides information on disruptive technologies and rapid microbiology products represented by the company. It summarizes their product range including instruments for biological sample preparation, dissolution/formulation, physico-chemistry analysis, and rapid microbiology detection. It also discusses their markets in pharmaceutical, personal care, fermentation, and more. The MicroPRO instrument allows detection of bacteria, yeast and mold from various samples within 24 hours.
The document discusses Industrial Microbial Testing (IMT) and their quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays for testing microorganisms. IMT offers total bacteria count and total yeasts/molds count assays, as well as assays for pathogens like E. coli, Salmonella, C. botulinum, and others. The assays can be used to test various samples from food, pharmaceutical, aerospace and other industrial clients for applications like quality control, environmental monitoring, and product release testing.
This document provides an introduction and overview of artificial intelligence applications in plant disease detection. It discusses how machine learning and deep learning are being used to identify plant diseases through image recognition. Examples of algorithms commonly used include convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and support vector machines. The scope of AI in agriculture is also summarized, including how IoT sensor data, drone images, and automation can be used for tasks like crop monitoring, irrigation, and recommending optimal agricultural practices. Machine learning is also being applied to disease predictions and molecular-level interactions between plants and pathogens.
Traditional phenotypic methods and newer genotypic methods can both be used to identify bacteria. Phenotypic methods include gram staining, culturing, and analyzing biochemical characteristics and reactions. These methods have limitations as some bacteria cannot be cultured. Genotypic methods like MALDI-TOF, PCR, and microarrays identify bacteria based on their genetic material and can identify bacteria directly from clinical samples faster than phenotypic methods. A variety of biochemical tests are used as part of phenotypic identification to analyze carbohydrate metabolism, production of specific compounds, enzyme activity, and other characteristics.
Microbial S.L. is a biotechnological company devoted to the design and production of products for the rapid detection of pathogen microorganisms in environmental and food samples.
1. The document discusses various advances in clinical diagnosis, radiographic assessment, microbiological analysis, and characterization of the host response that can aid in the diagnosis of periodontitis.
2. New diagnostic tools discussed include methods to analyze gingival bleeding, temperature, probing depth, digital radiography, subtraction radiography, microbiological assays, and markers in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva.
3. These diagnostic advances provide more sensitive, specific, and quantitative methods for detecting periodontal disease activity and microbial pathogens compared to traditional clinical and radiographic exams.
Viral Risk Mitigation Strategies: Key Considerations in the Prevention and De...Merck Life Sciences
This document discusses strategies for preventing and detecting viral contamination in biologic manufacturing processes. It outlines sources of viral contamination including raw materials, facilities, and personnel. A multi-tiered approach is recommended involving screening raw materials and cell banks, in-process testing, and confirming downstream processes can clear viruses. Detection methods like in vitro and in vivo assays have limitations and next generation sequencing is presented as a powerful new tool to detect unknown viruses. Upstream prevention focuses on raw material control through pretreatment or virus-resistant cell lines while downstream processes aim to clear any contamination through viral inactivation or filtration steps. A holistic biosafety strategy applying prevention, detection, and removal approaches at all stages is emphasized.
Viral Risk Mitigation Strategies: Key Considerations in the Prevention and De...MilliporeSigma
Regulatory guidelines have defined industry best practices around adventitious virus contamination and risk mitigation in terms of patient safety.
Today, the industry is taking a closer look at minimizing the business risk associated with viral contamination and is taking a more directed view of risk mitigation. This approach includes virus prevention and detection, in addition to removal.
From cell culture seed train to final fill vial, this presentation will describe:
-Potential risks associated with different areas of biotech processes
-What can be done to minimize adventitious virus risk in those areas.
The overarching strategy of risk mitigation will include evaluation of raw materials, modified expression systems, environmental controls, upstream and downstream processing, as well as testing and regulatory considerations.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coastsSérgio Sacani
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
Emilio Montesinos - Ingeniería de nuevos sistemas microbianos para una agricu...Fundación Ramón Areces
Los días 20 y 21 de mayo de 2014, la Fundación Ramón Areces organizó el Simposio Internacional 'Microorganismos beneficiosos para la agricultura y la protección de la biosfera' dentro de su programa de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Materia.
This document summarizes research progress at China Agricultural University (CAU) in pesticide residue analytical methodology and risk management. It describes the research group's work developing new multi-residue extraction and cleanup methods like dispersive solid phase extraction using multiwalled carbon nanotubes and multi-plug filtration cartridges. It also discusses applying these new methods to analyze pesticide residues in foods like tomatoes, soybeans, and citrus using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. Finally, it provides an overview of challenges in China's pesticide residue management system including establishing thousands of maximum residue limits for agricultural products and processed foods.
"In field molecular diagnostics as an aid to disease management"EMPHASIS PROJECT
Insights about isothermal Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays and how they can be used to diagnose the presence of latent diseases in the field, including those which are especially difficult to identify. They will show how assays are developed, and how they may be used to improve disease management choices.
The target audience are researchers, agri-business and forestry experts, farmers and foresters and any other interested in plant health.
Do not hesitate to contact EMPHASIS project through Facebook, Twitter, email (emphasisproject@gmail.com) or through their website (http://www.emphasisproject.eu/) if you want to be updated on webinars dates and content and book a ticket.
To watch on Youtube: https://youtu.be/yFEG9uTEhdc
Molecular techniques in food microbiologyNajiyaNaju1
This document discusses molecular techniques that are used in food microbiology. It describes several applications of molecular methods including detecting genetically modified foods, food authenticity testing, and microbial contamination detection. Common molecular methods described are PCR, RFLP, PFGE, and DNA microarrays. Specific techniques covered in more depth include real-time PCR, multiplex PCR, plasmid profiling, ribotyping, AFLP, LAMP, FISH, and biosensors. The document provides details on the basic principles and procedures for several of these important molecular analysis methods.
This presentation covers water microbiology and microbial indicators relevant to reverse osmosis plants. It introduces key microbiology concepts and classifications including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae. Common bacterial indicators for water quality are discussed such as heterotrophic plate count, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci. Methods for microbial testing including membrane filtration technique, pour plate method, and enzyme substrate techniques are summarized. Common RO plant microbiology problems involving biofilms are briefly explained. The presentation concludes with an overview of microbiological sampling and how various water treatment processes can achieve microorganism removal.
Setting up for successful lot release testing by Edmund AngMilliporeSigma
Is your lot release testing strategy ready for global commercialization?
In this webinar, you will learn:
• CMC testing requirements with CHO production platform for global commercialization
• Lot release testing of product intermediates and final product
• Product-specific qualification study
• Alternative rapid testing methods to advance lot release testing
CHO cells continue to serve as a key cell substrate for the manufacturing of recombinant proteins that span beyond therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and including subunit vaccines.
In this presentation, we will cover the CMC testing requirements with CHO production platform for global commercialization, Lot release testing of product intermediates and final product, product-specific qualification study and highlight the application of new testing methods and the benefits they bring to advance Lot Release Testing.
Setting up for successful lot release testing by Edmund AngMerck Life Sciences
Is your lot release testing strategy ready for global commercialization?
In this webinar, you will learn:
• CMC testing requirements with CHO production platform for global commercialization
• Lot release testing of product intermediates and final product
• Product-specific qualification study
• Alternative rapid testing methods to advance lot release testing
CHO cells continue to serve as a key cell substrate for the manufacturing of recombinant proteins that span beyond therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and including subunit vaccines.
In this presentation, we will cover the CMC testing requirements with CHO production platform for global commercialization, Lot release testing of product intermediates and final product, product-specific qualification study and highlight the application of new testing methods and the benefits they bring to advance Lot Release Testing.
The document provides an overview of genomics and molecular profiling techniques. It discusses:
- The lab for bioinformatics and computational genomics which has 10 "genome hackers" and 42 scientists.
- An introduction to personalized medicine and biomarkers.
- First generation molecular profiling techniques like gene sequencing, microarrays, PCR.
- Next generation sequencing techniques like Roche 454, Illumina, SOLID which allow high throughput sequencing.
- Next generation applications like RNA sequencing, exome sequencing, epigenetic profiling.
- The role of bioinformatics in analyzing large genomic and molecular profiling data.
The document discusses various methods for diagnosing important bacterial diseases through laboratory examination. Effective diagnosis allows for timely treatment and control measures. Key methods discussed include microscopy, culture techniques, biochemical reactions, serological identification, and molecular diagnosis. Microscopy can identify bacterial morphology and staining properties. Culture techniques isolate bacteria on selective media and examine colony characteristics. Biochemical tests identify metabolic properties. Serology detects bacterial antigens and antibodies. Molecular methods like PCR and sequencing provide sensitive, specific identification and can detect non-culturable bacteria. Together, these diagnostic methods allow clinicians to initiate appropriate treatment and control of bacterial outbreaks.
The document provides information on the diagnosis of important bacterial diseases. It discusses the importance of quick diagnostic results for effective treatment during disease outbreaks. It covers the types and activities of various antimicrobial classes against different bacteria and microorganisms. It also describes the scope of bacterial infections, types of bacteria, why diagnosis is needed, recommended diagnostics for various diseases, steps in diagnosis, prerequisites for laboratory examination including appropriate sample collection and transport, and various microbiological diagnostic techniques like microscopy, culture, and biochemical identification.
Global adventitious agent regulation of raw materials ibc sept 2010 final ver...chalverson
This document discusses global regulations pertaining to the control of adventitious agents in raw materials used in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. It covers regulations from agencies like the USDA, FDA, EMA, WHO, and others. It also provides information on risk assessment and minimizing risks from various adventitious agents like viruses, prions, mycoplasma, bacteria, and fungi. Specific controls are discussed like sourcing, testing, cleaning, filtration, heat treatment, pH treatment, and gamma irradiation. Challenges with certain resistant agents are also addressed.
This document discusses various methods for microbiological identification of organisms, including traditional phenotypic methods, immunological methods, and genotypic or molecular methods. It focuses on explaining identification using genotypic methods such as nucleic acid hybridization, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and nucleic acid sequence analysis including 16S rRNA analysis. Commercial genotypic methods like AccuProbe, MicroSEQ, and Riboprinter are also overviewed, along with their advantages and limitations compared to phenotypic identification methods. Overall genotypic methods are highlighted as being more accurate and precise than traditional techniques.
MicroPRO, A Rapid Microbiology Method Based on Flow Cytometryguest32bcc5
This document provides information on disruptive technologies and rapid microbiology products represented by the company. It summarizes their product range including instruments for biological sample preparation, dissolution/formulation, physico-chemistry analysis, and rapid microbiology detection. It also discusses their markets in pharmaceutical, personal care, fermentation, and more. The MicroPRO instrument allows detection of bacteria, yeast and mold from various samples within 24 hours.
The document discusses Industrial Microbial Testing (IMT) and their quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays for testing microorganisms. IMT offers total bacteria count and total yeasts/molds count assays, as well as assays for pathogens like E. coli, Salmonella, C. botulinum, and others. The assays can be used to test various samples from food, pharmaceutical, aerospace and other industrial clients for applications like quality control, environmental monitoring, and product release testing.
This document provides an introduction and overview of artificial intelligence applications in plant disease detection. It discusses how machine learning and deep learning are being used to identify plant diseases through image recognition. Examples of algorithms commonly used include convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and support vector machines. The scope of AI in agriculture is also summarized, including how IoT sensor data, drone images, and automation can be used for tasks like crop monitoring, irrigation, and recommending optimal agricultural practices. Machine learning is also being applied to disease predictions and molecular-level interactions between plants and pathogens.
Traditional phenotypic methods and newer genotypic methods can both be used to identify bacteria. Phenotypic methods include gram staining, culturing, and analyzing biochemical characteristics and reactions. These methods have limitations as some bacteria cannot be cultured. Genotypic methods like MALDI-TOF, PCR, and microarrays identify bacteria based on their genetic material and can identify bacteria directly from clinical samples faster than phenotypic methods. A variety of biochemical tests are used as part of phenotypic identification to analyze carbohydrate metabolism, production of specific compounds, enzyme activity, and other characteristics.
Microbial S.L. is a biotechnological company devoted to the design and production of products for the rapid detection of pathogen microorganisms in environmental and food samples.
1. The document discusses various advances in clinical diagnosis, radiographic assessment, microbiological analysis, and characterization of the host response that can aid in the diagnosis of periodontitis.
2. New diagnostic tools discussed include methods to analyze gingival bleeding, temperature, probing depth, digital radiography, subtraction radiography, microbiological assays, and markers in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva.
3. These diagnostic advances provide more sensitive, specific, and quantitative methods for detecting periodontal disease activity and microbial pathogens compared to traditional clinical and radiographic exams.
Viral Risk Mitigation Strategies: Key Considerations in the Prevention and De...Merck Life Sciences
This document discusses strategies for preventing and detecting viral contamination in biologic manufacturing processes. It outlines sources of viral contamination including raw materials, facilities, and personnel. A multi-tiered approach is recommended involving screening raw materials and cell banks, in-process testing, and confirming downstream processes can clear viruses. Detection methods like in vitro and in vivo assays have limitations and next generation sequencing is presented as a powerful new tool to detect unknown viruses. Upstream prevention focuses on raw material control through pretreatment or virus-resistant cell lines while downstream processes aim to clear any contamination through viral inactivation or filtration steps. A holistic biosafety strategy applying prevention, detection, and removal approaches at all stages is emphasized.
Viral Risk Mitigation Strategies: Key Considerations in the Prevention and De...MilliporeSigma
Regulatory guidelines have defined industry best practices around adventitious virus contamination and risk mitigation in terms of patient safety.
Today, the industry is taking a closer look at minimizing the business risk associated with viral contamination and is taking a more directed view of risk mitigation. This approach includes virus prevention and detection, in addition to removal.
From cell culture seed train to final fill vial, this presentation will describe:
-Potential risks associated with different areas of biotech processes
-What can be done to minimize adventitious virus risk in those areas.
The overarching strategy of risk mitigation will include evaluation of raw materials, modified expression systems, environmental controls, upstream and downstream processing, as well as testing and regulatory considerations.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coastsSérgio Sacani
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...Sérgio Sacani
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
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This presentation offers a general idea of the structure of seed, seed production, management of seeds and its allied technologies. It also offers the concept of gene erosion and the practices used to control it. Nursery and gardening have been widely explored along with their importance in the related domain.
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptxshubhijain836
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptxgoluk9330
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
1. ID of Environmentally Relevant Bacteria
From Pharmaceutical Industries
Arnaud CARLOTTI, PhD, HDR
IDmyk
Bât. 4B
1, rue des vergers
69760 Limonest
France
myk
ID
2. Agenda
• Environmentally relevant bacteria in
Pharmaceutical Industries and ID
• Evaluation of the VITEK ® 2 and the new cards
for Gram-positive (GP), Gram-negative (GN) and
Bacillus (BCL) identification, by using
environmental isolates first identified by
molecular method
• Conclusion
3. Introduction
• Identification (ID) of bacteria recovered from
the environment of pharmaceutical industries
(PI) is of concern.
– It is a regulatory requirement.
– It is part of process requirement.
– It is standard practice in pharma. industries.
• Since isolates in these environments may be
stressed, they are known to be sometimes
difficult to identify using commercial kit
databases (PDA TR #13).
4. Introduction
• The new VITEK 2 system and related identification
cards (GP, GN and BCL) have been designed and
released for improved automated identification of
bacteria from the environment in the pharmaceutical
industries (PI).
• We present an evaluation of this new system when
using environmental isolates from PI, previously
identified by molecular method (16S rRNA
sequencing)
5. Introduction
• First, we will consider the « Bacterial Domain » to point out
the actual diversity of the species we may theoretically face
• Second, we will present an overview of the main genera and
species we did identify in 5 years, by using molecular
method, as an expertise lab.
• Third, we will look at the performances of the VITEK 2
system with relevant environmental isolates from PI,
previously identified by using nucleic acid based method of
comparative sequencing (16S rRNA genes)
• Finally, the results will be discussed regarding the relevance
of the species tested, and some comments will be done.
6. ID needs in Pharmaceutical
industries
• In process control
– Water
– Raw material bioburden
– Environmental control and monitoring (EMP)
– Pre-sterilized bioburden
– Sterility test
7. Environmental Monitoring
• Regulations and guidance documents
– cGMP (USA, EU)
– CFR (21CFR 211.42, 21 CFR 211.46, 21 CFR
211.22)
– USP <1116> and EP
– EMEA (annex I)
– ISO 14644; ISO 13408; ISO14698-1
– PDA Technical Report #13
8. ID requirements in Environmental
Monitoring
• ID of environmental isolates is a requirement in many situations.
• Level of identification required (e.g. Group, Genus, Species, sub-Species) varies
according to regulations and situations. Ability to set up a database to be able to
reveal links in contaminations is a goal.
• It is stressed that environmental isolates are « particular » and that databases of
automated systems are sometimes not adapted for them.
• It must be pointed out also that bacterial taxonomy is evolving with the
improvement of knowledge, and identification is related to classification.
• Hence it is important to evaluate any automated system with environmental, well
identified, isolates to validate how it performs.
9. « Bacterial Domain »
• New Classification : Bergey’s 2005
– Classification criteria
• Molecular (Nucleic Acid based : Genomic and phylogenetic)
– Specie definition
» > 70 % DNA-DNA homology and ∆Tm <5°C
» ≥ 97-98 % sequence homology in gene coding for 16S rRNA
» Multilocus Sequence Typing
• Phenotypic
– Morphology, biochemical, physiology (assimilations,
fermentation, enzymatic reactions, susceptibilities, etc…)
(Stackebrandt et al., IJSEM 2002)
10. « Bacterial Domain »
• Taxonomic resolution of main ID methods
RFLP
Ribotyping
DNA Amplification
Whole cell proteins
DNA-DNA Hybridization
G+C %
Chimiotaxonomy
Phenotype
16S rRNA Sequencing
DNA probes
DNA Sequencing
Family
Genus
Species
Strain
11. « Bacterial Domain »
• Species diversity :
– Archaebacteria :
• > 259 species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences
– Eubacteria :
• > 9021 species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences
– Gracillicutes (Gram-negative bacteria)
» Genera : > 538 » species : > 2000
– Firmicutes (Gram-positive bacteria)
» Genera : > 235 » species : > 1346
– Actinobacteria
» Genera : > 174 » species : > 1534
– Others
13. « Bacterial Domain »
• Strain diversity :
– Species definition : up to 30 % of DNA-DNA
divergence between strains of the same species
• Genetic variability
• Phenotypic variability
• Representativity
– Type strain of a species
– Typical strains
– Atypical strains
– Environment effect :
» Selection pressure
» Stress
» Sanityzer effects
» Sterilization process effects (cheat, gaz, radio-sterilization, etc…)
14. What do we really face ?
• Our experience after 5 years of molecular
identification…
– Quantity of bacteria identified : > 3000
• Gracillicutes (gram negative bacteria) : 38 %
– Quantity of different species : < 200 ≠ species
• Firmicutes (gram positive bacteria) : 62 %
– Quantity of different species : < 300 ≠ species
• Sources :
– Environmental monitoring (air-surfaces)
– Water
– Raw matrerial, finished products,
– process, personnel, quality controls
– Sterility test positives, media-fill test positives, etc …
• Expert lab…
– Often difficult to identify isolates…
15. What do we really face ?
• Global Analysis
– Gram negative Bacteria
• 70 genera
• 160 species
16. What do we really face ?
Gram - Genera : Top 20 (78 %)
Achromobacter
Acidovorax
Acinetobacter
Delftia
Bradyrhizobium
Caulobacter
Enterobacter
Flavobacterium
Methylobacterium
Moraxella
Pantoea
Paracoccus
Pseudomonas
Pseudoxanthomonas
Ralstonia
Raoultella
Rhodobacter
Roseomonas
Sphingomonas
Stenotrophomonas
13%
12%
10%
7%
6%
18. What do we really face ?
• Global Analysis
– Gram Positive Bacteria
• 80 genera
• 260 species
19. What do we really face ?
Gram + Genera : Top 10 (85 %)
Bacillus
Brevibacterium
Micrococcus
Mycobacterium
Paenibacillus
Propionibacterium
Staphylococcus
Streptomyces
Corynebacterium
Geobacillus
40%
17 %
8%
20. What do we really face ?
Gram + Species : Top 25 (80 %) Bacilllus cereus groupe
Bacillus simplex
Bacillus subtilis groupe
Bacillus firmus
Bacillus licheniformis
Bacillus pumilus
Bacillus circulans
Bacillus racemilacticus
Bacillus megaterium
Bacillus species
Brevibacterium casei
Brevibacterium lutescens
Micrococcus luteus
Paenibacillus amylolyticus
Propionibacterium acnes
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus capitis
Staphylococcus cohnii
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Staphylococcus hominis
Staphylococcus pasteuri
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Staphylococcus warneri
Mycobacterium mucogenicum
10 %
7%
8%
21. What do we really face ?
Gram + Species : Top 10
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus capitis
Staphylococcus cohnii
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Staphylococcus hominis
Staphylococcus pasteuri
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Staphylococcus warneri
Staphylococcus species
22. What do we really face ?
Gram + Species : Top 10
Bacilllus cereus groupe
Bacillus simplex
Bacillus subtilis groupe
Bacillus firmus
Bacillus licheniformis
Bacillus pumilus
Bacillus circulans
Bacillus racemilacticus
Bacillus megaterium
Bacillus species
23. Environmentally relevant bacteria from P.I.
Theoretical variability is extremly high (> 9000 species)
New species are described almost every day…
Practical variability is not that much high (< 500 species)
Even for expert lab…
In routine practice one can expect :
- 80 % of Gram-positive belong to roughly 25 species
- 60 % of Gram-negative belong to roughly 35 species
24. Evaluation of the VITEK ® 2
• Objectives :
– Evaluate the performances of the new VITEK®2 system
with the GP, GN and BCL cards, for the identification of
isolates from pharmaceutical industries.
– Isolates have been identified by partial 16S rRNA gene
sequencing method, considered the « Gold-Standard »
25. VITEK 2 Compact and the GP,
GN and BCL cards
• The VITEK 2 Compact system
26. Evaluation of the VITEK 2
and Gram-positive Card (GP)
• The GP card
115 taxa claimed, representing
22 genera
27. Evaluation of the VITEK 2
and Gram-negative Card (GN)
• The GN card
135 taxa claimed, representing
55 genera
– Enterobacteriaceae
• 22 genera and 67 taxa
– Non Enterobacteriacae
• 33 genera and 68 taxa
28. Evaluation of the VITEK 2
and Bacillus Card (BCL)
• The BCL card
42 taxa claimed, representing
6 genera
– Aneurinibacillus (1), Bacillus* (18), Brevibacillus (8),
Geobacillus (3), Paenibacillus (10) et Virgibacillus (2)
* B. anthracis included and identified separately from
the other species in B. cereus group (B. cereus, B.
thuringiensis and B. mesenteroides)
29. Evaluation of the VITEK 2
• TEST ISOLATES :
• Environmentally relevant isolates from pharmaceutical industries
– Originating from different pharmaceutical plants
– Originating from different types of samples
• Water analysis, environmental monitoring, sterility test positives, media-fill test
positives, bioburden, pre-sterilized bioburden, personnel, etc…
– In total 404 bacterial strains have been tested
• 131 GP; 162 GN; 111 BCL
– Identification of the isolates by using comparative sequencing of the 16S
rRNA genes (partial)
• Sequencing of the 5’end of the 16S rRNA genes (≥ 500 bp) and comparison with
databases of sequences of reference strains
• Microseq v 1.0 and public databases (NCBI)
• Sequences homologies ≥ 97-98 % with type strains of the species
• « Gold-Standard »
– Bacterial species claimed in knowledge databases of GN, GP and BCL cards
30. VITEK 2 system and GN card
• 162 isolates - 41 taxa
• Performances (Report 114-05NP rev. 1)
– 92 % of correct identification
– 8 % of misidentification
– 0 % of unidentified
d
31. VITEK 2 system and GN card
• Relevance of the species claimed in database,
regarding IDmyk’s expert lab activities :
• Roughly 60 % of the isolates from PI, we did identify in five years ,
belonged to species (taxa) claimed in the GN card database
• Improvement :
– addition of 12 species most frequently encountered for many sites could
increase to more than 75 % the percentage of isolates that can be
identified by the VITEK 2 and GN card system.
32. VITEK 2 system and GN card
• Comments :
• Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli O157H7, Shigella sp.
– E. coli and Shigella dysenteriae not distinguished by 16S rRNA sequences
– E. coli and Shigella group distinguished by VITEK 2
– E. coli and E. coli O157H7 distinguished by VITEK 2
• Brucella melitensis and Ochrobactrum anthropi
– Not distinguished by 16S rRNA sequences (≥ 98% homologies)
– Distinguished by VITEK 2
33. VITEK 2 system and GP card
• 131 isolates - 33 taxa
• Performances (Report 114-05NP rev. 1)
– 98.5 % of correct identification
– 1.5 % of misidentification
– 0 % of unidentified
d
34. VITEK 2 system and GP card
• Relevance of the species claimed in
database, regarding IDmyk’s expert lab
activities :
• > 80 % of the isolates from PI, we did identify in five years,
belong to species (taxa) claimed in the GP card database
• Improvement : Microbacterium spp., Kocuria spp.
35. VITEK 2 system and BCL card
• 111 isolates - 17 taxa
• Performances (Report 114-05NP rev. 1)
– 88.3 % of correct identification
– 4.5 % of misidentification
– 7.2 % of unidentified
Method Total
Tested
CORRECT ID
# %
One Choice
# %
Low Discrim.
# %
Discordant
# %
Unidentified
# %
VITEK 2 (BCL) 111 98 88 89 80 9 8 5 4.5 8 7
37. VITEK 2 system and BCL card
• Relevance of the species claimed in database, regarding
IDmyk’s expert lab activities :
• Roughly more than 15 % of Bacillales are not identifiable at the species level, even
with molecular method of 16S rRNA gene compartive sequencing
– No reference sequences : species still not described and/or accepted
• Of the identifiable strains > 80 % of the isolates from PI, we did identify in five
years, belong to species (taxa) claimed in the GP card database
• Improvement : adding Bacillus simplex (mix taxon with B. badius or single taxon) to BCL
database add 7 % to the percentage of environmental isolates from PI covered by BCL card
database.
38. VITEK 2 system and BCL card
• Comments :
– Bacillus cereus group : B. anthracis, B. cereus, B. thuringiensis and B. mesenteroides
• No distinction using 16S rRNA gene sequences (≥ 98% homologies)
– Phenotype testing (haemolysis), etc…
• Good distinction using VITEK 2 and BCL card system,
especially for B. anthracis
– Bacillus vallismortis / B. subtilis / B. atropheus
• Species are genotypically similar
– (B. vallismortis sp. nov., a close relative of B. subtilis, isolated from soil in death valley
california. Roberts et al., IJSB 1996)
– Geobacillus stearothermophilus
• Take special care for sample preparation and incubation conditions with VITEK 2
39. Evaluation of the VITEK 2
• Claimed species global analysis
– Gram-negative bacteria
• 92 % of correct identification
• ID in 3 to 9 hours
– Gram-positive bacteria (non-sporulating)
• 98 % of correct identification
• ID in 3 to 7 hours
– Bacillales
• 88 % of correct identification
• After 14 hours (end point determination)
40. VITEK 2
and relevant environmental isolates from PI
• Overview :
– This is the first evaluation of an automated identification system
using environmental strains from pharmaceutical industries,
compared to the reference method of 16S rRNA gene sequencing
– The evaluation provides validation of the performance of the
VITEK 2 with GN, GP and BCL cards
• The system is accurate, reliable and rapid, even with « tough »
environmental isolates
• Roughly, one can expect that more than 80 % of routine isolates can be
exactly identified, rapidly, and in a cost effective maner
– This evaluation demonstrates how the system is adapted for
identification of bacteria found in environment of pharmaceutical
industries
– « Ease of Use » and rapidity of the system have been noted during
evaluation
41. Conclusion
• The VITEK 2 system with the GN, GP and BCL cards identifies
environmental isolates from pharmaceutical industries, with
accuracies of 88% (BCL), 92% (GN) and 98% (GP) when they
correspond to claimed taxa.
• Considering the difficulties routinely encountered to identify these
organisms and considering the ease of use of the system, VITEK 2 is a
significant advancement for the routine identification of
environmental bacteria from pharmaceutical industries.