Cardiac muscle, connective tissue, an endothelial cells all collectin.pdf

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Cardiac muscle, connective tissue, an endothelial cells all collecting together to Tissue level form the human heart Cellular level The tibia, which is made of connective tissue and nervous tissue organ level A thin layer of cells that collectively form the lining of the lungs to allow for the diffusion of gases cellular level: Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and other organelles compartmentalized into a single structure by phospholipids, forming a single functional unit Chemical level Carbon, hydrogen, and phosphate coming together to form the phospholipids of a cellular membrane Solution Cardiac Muscle, Connective tissue and endothelial cells all collecting to form the human heart - this will be at the organ level as the heart is a organ for blood circulation and have the very important cardiac muscle as tissue, Connective tissue as tissue and endothelial cells as cells all forming together to the organ level heart. Tibia made up of connective tissue and nervous tissue : tibia is the bone of the leg and contains the connective tissue and nervous tissue and it is also at the organ level. Bone is a organ with all tissues and various cells connective by blood vessels and neurons. A thin layer of cells forming the lining of the lungs to allow the diffusion of gases. : The thin lining of cells is called endothelial cells and its a cellular level.

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Under the microscope CORE273 Summer2019 What is Biology? Biology is a word derived from the Greek words bios, meaning “life”, and logos meaning “study”. Therefore biology is defined as the science and study of life and living organisms. An “organism” is a living entity consisting of one cell (bacteria) or several cells (plants, animals, fungi). https://www.ntnu.edu/biology/about-us/what-is-biology 2 Characteristics of Living things Made of different molecules than non-living things. Carbon atoms form bonds with other atomic elements. Molecules result: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids. Require energy and raw materials. Intake of above molecules offers energy and building blocks of cells. Have a metabolism. Breaks down/builds up molecules into/from atoms (respectively). Living things will grow, reproduce, and evolve. Characteristics of Living things Respond to their environment and maintain homeostasis. Necessary to maintain a relatively constant internal environment. Systems present in any organism must respond to internal/external stimuli. Make adjustments to compensate for stress on other systems. Negative Feedback Loops Controlled Variable is the factor being monitored. Sensors keep “tabs” on if these factors are at their “set points”. Control Center gathers information and determines appropriate actions. Effectors are activated by control center to carry out necessary response. Characteristics of Living things All living things are composed of cells and cell products. A single cell is the smallest unit exhibiting all characteristics of life. Often divided by internal structural organization: Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane bound “nucleus” and have few “organelles” (i.e.; bacteria) Eukaryotic cells do have a membrane bound nucleus and many organelles with different functions (i.e.; plants, animals, fungi) Inside our human Cells Nucleus is the “brain”; directs activities via DNA. DNA molecules contain our genetic information. Organelles are “little organs” Ribosomes: produce proteins. Rough endoplasmic reticulum: produces proteins via ribosomes that are on membrane. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: produces primarily lipids; no ribosomes. Golgi apparatus: refines, ships, and packages products from both endoplasmic reticula. Mitochondria: “powerhouse”. Produces energy in the form of ATP molecules. Cells of the body While the internal structure remains fairly similar between cells of the body, cells can differ in external structure. The form (shape/size) of a cell will greatly influence it’s overall function. Neurons are long and thin for fast communication between cells. Muscle cells have special segments that shorten to allow the tissue to contract. Tissues of the body Groups of similar cells come together to form tissues. There are four primary types of tissues: Epithelial: covers body cavities, lines organs, and surfaces. Glandular epithelium secretes products. Connective: supports and connects. Loose, d ...

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