Describe and contrast allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation. Which is more common? How do they typically take place? Outline the steps/process of each. Give a least one example of each. Solution 5). Allopatric speciation or geographic speciation is speciation that occurs while biological populations of the same species become vicariant. For instance, adaptive radiation, as observed by Charles Darwin in Galapagos finches, is a consequence of allopatric speciation in the midst of island populations. The mechanism of adaptive radiation is known as allopatric speciation, in which one species in particular population differs from all other species (isolated species) and genetic exchange is also prevented among these species. Physical barriers such as a mountain range or long waterways may makes impossible for them to mate. So, these isolated species develop or evolve according to their habitat, because their gene modifications go in that direction (natural selection!). Disruptive selection is one of the main driving forces of sympatric speciation. Sympatric speciation is different and perhaps it does not exist. It occurs when there are no physical barriers that prevent species to mate together. The occurrence of speciation may be depends on availability of different food sources and existence of different shelters..

1. Describe and contrast allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation. Which is more common?
How do they typically take place? Outline the steps/process of each. Give a least one example of
each.
Solution
5).
Allopatric speciation or geographic speciation is speciation that occurs while biological
populations of the same species become vicariant. For instance, adaptive radiation, as observed
by Charles Darwin in Galapagos finches, is a consequence of allopatric speciation in the midst of
island populations.
The mechanism of adaptive radiation is known as allopatric speciation, in which one species in
particular population differs from all other species (isolated species) and genetic exchange is also
prevented among these species. Physical barriers such as a mountain range or long waterways
may makes impossible for them to mate. So, these isolated species develop or evolve according
to their habitat, because their gene modifications go in that direction (natural selection!).
Disruptive selection is one of the main driving forces of sympatric speciation. Sympatric
speciation is different and perhaps it does not exist. It occurs when there are no physical barriers
that prevent species to mate together. The occurrence of speciation may be depends on
availability of different food sources and existence of different shelters.