Immunotherapy utilizes the body's immune system to fight cancer by improving its ability to detect and kill cancer cells. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are engineered receptors that are used to graft the specificity of a monoclonal antibody onto a T cell. CARs are under investigation as a cancer therapy using adoptive cell transfer. To produce CAR T cells, T cells are engineered using a virus-based gene delivery system containing packaging elements and a vector to transfer genetic material that encodes the CAR receptor structure. CAR T cell therapy shows promise but also risks toxicity that requires careful management. Ongoing research focuses on improving CAR specificity and controlling their activity in the body.

3. Immunotherapy:
 Is a type of treatment that utilizes the body’s own immune
system to fight cancer
 Improves the body’s ability to detect and kill cancer cells
 Is based on the concept that immune cells or antibodies can
recognize and kill cancer cells

4. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs):
 Also known as “Chimeric immunoreceptors, ChimericT cell
receptors,ArtificialT cell receptors”
 These receptors are engineered receptors and are used to graft
the specificity of a monoclonal antibody onto aT cell.
 The receptors are called chimeric because they are composed of
parts from different sources.
 CARs are under investigation as a therapy for cancer, using a
technique called adoptive cell transfer.

6. How to produce CART-cells??
Two
components
are involved in
the making of
a virus-based
gene delivery
system:
The packaging elements which include the
structural proteins as well as the enzyme
necessary to generate an infectious particle
The vector itself, which is the genetic material
that will be transferred to the target cell
(intracellular, transmembrane, extracellular and
GFP )

7. The structure of CARs:

8.  Toxicity of CART-cell therapy :

9.  Management of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)T-cell toxicity

10. Why CAR T cells?
•1- MHC independent recognition and activation.
•2-High selectivity and specificity.
•High affinity.

13. CR : complete response
NED : no evidence of
disease
NI : no information
OR : objective response
PR : partial response
SD : stable disease
* : Patient relapsed with
antigen-negative disease
‡ : Patient death on
study.

14. CR : complete response
NED : no evidence of
disease
NI : no information
OR : objective response
PR : partial response
SD : stable disease
* : Patient relapsed with
antigen-negative disease
‡ : Patient death on
study.

15. Facilitating trafficking to
tumors and persistence for
long periods
The localization of
sufficient numbers of
T cells to tumors .
Reducing the risk of direct
toxicity and uncontrolled
proliferation.
Finding ways to control
cytokines production.
Improving CARs that
recognize intracellular
molecules .
Finding a specific tumor
antigens and engineering
CARs that cover all cancers.
Improved animal models
and protocols
standardization.

16. Next generation CAR technology:

17. hank ou!
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