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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Abstract The Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) based Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol uses a short request-to-send (RTS) and clear-to-send (CTS) control packets prior of actual data packet transmission. The function of the CSMA/CA based MAC protocol in wireless communication is to facilitate wireless nodes (i.e. laptop, PC, smart phones and etc) to access a wireless medium efficiently. Besides, it is also efficiently manage the wireless medium when more wireless nodes involving in transmission activity in the network. This protocol allows all wireless nodes in the network to communicate between each other without collision. Since collisions may only occurred on the RTS control packets thus it can reduce the actual data collision on the medium. The RTS/CTS control handshake provides better performance and reduce the duration of collision especially when long data packets are transmitted over wireless medium. However, even though the CSMA/CA based MAC protocol working effectively and provides better throughput performance over single hop communication but it performance degrade significantly when directly applied in multihop Wireless Mesh Network (WMN). The reason behind this poor performance is due to the inefficient packet delivery of CSMA/CA based MAC protocol in multihop network. The exchange of RTS and CTS signaling that required at each hop throughout the multihop network eventually will cause the large overheads and subsequently degrade network throughput. Therefore, in this paper, an enhancement of RTS/CTS handshake has been proposed in order reduces the signaling overheads and ultimately allows a smooth packet delivery in the multihop network without any collision. In this work, the multihop network performances are evaluated analytically in terms of throughput and overhead. It is proven that the new method of RTS/CTS handshake provides significant improvement in throughput and overhead. Keywords: Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol; Signaling; Overheads; Multihop communication
Improvement at Network Planning using Heuristic Algorithm to Minimize Cost of...Yayah Zakaria
Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) consists of wireless stations that are connected with each other in a semi-static configuration. Depending on the configuration of a WMN, different paths between nodes offer different levels of efficiency. One areas of research with regard to WMN is cost minimization. A Modified Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (MBPSO) approach was used to optimize cost. However, minimized cost does not
guarantee network performance. This paper thus, modified the minimization function to take into consideration the distance between the different nodes so as to enable better performance while maintaining cost balance. The results were positive with the PDR showing an approximate increase of 17.83% whereas the E2E delay saw an approximate decrease of 8.33%.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Abstract The Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) based Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol uses a short request-to-send (RTS) and clear-to-send (CTS) control packets prior of actual data packet transmission. The function of the CSMA/CA based MAC protocol in wireless communication is to facilitate wireless nodes (i.e. laptop, PC, smart phones and etc) to access a wireless medium efficiently. Besides, it is also efficiently manage the wireless medium when more wireless nodes involving in transmission activity in the network. This protocol allows all wireless nodes in the network to communicate between each other without collision. Since collisions may only occurred on the RTS control packets thus it can reduce the actual data collision on the medium. The RTS/CTS control handshake provides better performance and reduce the duration of collision especially when long data packets are transmitted over wireless medium. However, even though the CSMA/CA based MAC protocol working effectively and provides better throughput performance over single hop communication but it performance degrade significantly when directly applied in multihop Wireless Mesh Network (WMN). The reason behind this poor performance is due to the inefficient packet delivery of CSMA/CA based MAC protocol in multihop network. The exchange of RTS and CTS signaling that required at each hop throughout the multihop network eventually will cause the large overheads and subsequently degrade network throughput. Therefore, in this paper, an enhancement of RTS/CTS handshake has been proposed in order reduces the signaling overheads and ultimately allows a smooth packet delivery in the multihop network without any collision. In this work, the multihop network performances are evaluated analytically in terms of throughput and overhead. It is proven that the new method of RTS/CTS handshake provides significant improvement in throughput and overhead. Keywords: Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol; Signaling; Overheads; Multihop communication
Improvement at Network Planning using Heuristic Algorithm to Minimize Cost of...Yayah Zakaria
Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) consists of wireless stations that are connected with each other in a semi-static configuration. Depending on the configuration of a WMN, different paths between nodes offer different levels of efficiency. One areas of research with regard to WMN is cost minimization. A Modified Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (MBPSO) approach was used to optimize cost. However, minimized cost does not
guarantee network performance. This paper thus, modified the minimization function to take into consideration the distance between the different nodes so as to enable better performance while maintaining cost balance. The results were positive with the PDR showing an approximate increase of 17.83% whereas the E2E delay saw an approximate decrease of 8.33%.
JOINT-DESIGN OF LINK-ADAPTIVE MODULATION AND CODING WITH ADAPTIVE ARQ FOR COO...IJCNCJournal
This paper analyzes the efficiency of a joint-design of an adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) at the
physical (PHY) layer with an adaptive Rmax-truncated selective-repeat automatic repeat request (ARQ)
protocol at the medium access control (MAC) layer to maximize the throughput of cooperative nonregenerative
relay networks under prescribed delay and/or error performance constraints. Particularly, we
generalize the existing design model/results for cross-layer combining of AMC along with truncated ARQ
in non-cooperative diversity networks in three-folds: (i) extension of the cross-layer PHY/MAC design or
optimization to cooperative diversity systems; (ii) generalization/unification of analytical expressions for
various network performance metrics to generalized block fading channels with independent but nonidentically
distributed (i.n.d) fading statistics among the spatially distributed nodes; (iii) analysis of the
effectiveness of joint-adaptation of the maximum retransmission limit Rmax of ARQ protocol and
cooperative diversity order N for delay-insensitive applications. Our insightful numerical results reveal
that the average throughput can be increased significantly by judiciously combining two additional degrees
of freedom (N and Rmax) that are available in cooperative amplify-and-forward (CAF) relay networks
besides employing AMC at the PHY layer, especially in the most challenging low signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR) regime.
Cooperative communication has emerged as a new
dimension of diversity to emulate the strategies designed for
multiple antenna systems, since a wireless mobile device may not
be able to support multiple transmit antennas due to size, cost,
or hardware limitations. Capacity optimization of the wireless
network is performed by making changes in the physical layer of
the network. In this article, we propose a Capacity-Optimized
Cooperative (COCO) topology control scheme to improve the
network capacity in MANETs by jointly considering both upper
layer network capacity and physical layer cooperative
communications. Simulations in the network simulator are
performed to show the efficiency of the system.
Cooperative communication has received tremendous interest
for wireless networks. Most existing works on cooperative
communications are focused on link-level physical layer issues.
Consequently, the impacts of cooperative communications on
network-level upper layer issues, such as topology control,
routing and network capacity, are largely ignored. In this
article, we propose a Capacity-Optimized Cooperative (COCO)
topology control scheme to improve the network capacity in
MANETs by jointly considering both upper layer network
capacity and physical layer cooperative communications.
Through simulations, we show that physical layer cooperative
communications have significant impacts on the network
capacity, and the proposed topology control scheme can
substantially improve the network capacity in MANETs with
cooperative communications.
we find out various power aware and data packet rate control with-collision-avoidance (CSMA/CA)-based ad hoc wireless network communication. And identifies that CSMA
Efficient Load Balancing Routing in Wireless Mesh Networksijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Investigation of Clock Synchronization Techniques and its Performance Impact ...ijctet
Mobile ad hoc Network (MANET) is an assortment of mobile nodes that area unit needed to transmit packets on behalf of every alternative. The mobile nodes maintain the topology data during a dynamic network among a selected vary. All nodes should remember of its neighbors that area unit directly approachable. The every node in network maintained next hop data of close neighbor nodes. The routing protocols area unit routed knowledge packets in between sender and receiver during a specific time instant. The time synchronization is maintained the communication clock cycle between the nodes. Time synchronization is an important element of a MANET. Time synchronization during a network aims at providing a typical duration for local clocks of nodes within the network. Since all hardware clocks area unit imperfect, local clocks of nodes could alienate from one another in time, thus determined time or durations of your
Efficient and stable route selection by using cross layer concept for highly...Roopali Singh
Efficient and stable route selection by using cross layer concept for highly mobile network with predictive features by Rupali Singh, Gajendra Singh Dhakad
published in International Journal of Research & Technology, Volume 3, Issue 4_November_2015
Capacity of hybrid wireless mesh networks with random a psecway
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Active Path Updation For Layered Routing (Apular) In Wireless Mesh Networkschetan1nonly
Routing is the major research issues in the Wireless Mesh Network (WMN). Ad-hoc networks routing protocols can be applied for WMN, but due to limited success & less efficiency there is need of more efficient routing protocols. In Infrastructure Wireless Mesh Routing Architecture (IWMRA) routing protocol, source node initiates a path establishing process whenever path breaks. This is not an ideal method in WMN where every nodes rather than source and destination in the path are motionless. One way of overcoming this is by initiating the local route repair by destination node. In this paper, we propose an active path updating procedure APULAR for quickly repair the broken path. Moreover, to improve throughput and to reduce the co-channel interference, we use multiple interface with multi channels. We are considering 4-hop as an interference range and will use fixed channel assignment within the mesh routers to reduce the inter flow interference. Our procedure is simulated in NS2 and compared with AODV – MI3 and APULAR-MI2, APULAR-MI3, APULAR-MI5. Simulation results show that our protocol performs better AODV in key performance metrics like packet delivery ratio, control overhead, average throughput and end-to-end delay.
Improvement at Network Planning using Heuristic Algorithm to Minimize Cost of...IJECEIAES
Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) consists of wireless stations that are connected with each other in a semi-static configuration. Depending on the configuration of a WMN, different paths between nodes offer different levels of efficiency. One areas of research with regard to WMN is cost minimization. A Modified Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (MBPSO) approach was used to optimize cost. However, minimized cost does not guarantee network performance. This paper thus, modified the minimization function to take into consideration the distance between the different nodes so as to enable better performance while maintaining cost balance. The results were positive with the PDR showing an approximate increase of 17.83% whereas the E2E delay saw an approximate decrease of 8.33%.
JOINT-DESIGN OF LINK-ADAPTIVE MODULATION AND CODING WITH ADAPTIVE ARQ FOR COO...IJCNCJournal
This paper analyzes the efficiency of a joint-design of an adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) at the
physical (PHY) layer with an adaptive Rmax-truncated selective-repeat automatic repeat request (ARQ)
protocol at the medium access control (MAC) layer to maximize the throughput of cooperative nonregenerative
relay networks under prescribed delay and/or error performance constraints. Particularly, we
generalize the existing design model/results for cross-layer combining of AMC along with truncated ARQ
in non-cooperative diversity networks in three-folds: (i) extension of the cross-layer PHY/MAC design or
optimization to cooperative diversity systems; (ii) generalization/unification of analytical expressions for
various network performance metrics to generalized block fading channels with independent but nonidentically
distributed (i.n.d) fading statistics among the spatially distributed nodes; (iii) analysis of the
effectiveness of joint-adaptation of the maximum retransmission limit Rmax of ARQ protocol and
cooperative diversity order N for delay-insensitive applications. Our insightful numerical results reveal
that the average throughput can be increased significantly by judiciously combining two additional degrees
of freedom (N and Rmax) that are available in cooperative amplify-and-forward (CAF) relay networks
besides employing AMC at the PHY layer, especially in the most challenging low signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR) regime.
Cooperative communication has emerged as a new
dimension of diversity to emulate the strategies designed for
multiple antenna systems, since a wireless mobile device may not
be able to support multiple transmit antennas due to size, cost,
or hardware limitations. Capacity optimization of the wireless
network is performed by making changes in the physical layer of
the network. In this article, we propose a Capacity-Optimized
Cooperative (COCO) topology control scheme to improve the
network capacity in MANETs by jointly considering both upper
layer network capacity and physical layer cooperative
communications. Simulations in the network simulator are
performed to show the efficiency of the system.
Cooperative communication has received tremendous interest
for wireless networks. Most existing works on cooperative
communications are focused on link-level physical layer issues.
Consequently, the impacts of cooperative communications on
network-level upper layer issues, such as topology control,
routing and network capacity, are largely ignored. In this
article, we propose a Capacity-Optimized Cooperative (COCO)
topology control scheme to improve the network capacity in
MANETs by jointly considering both upper layer network
capacity and physical layer cooperative communications.
Through simulations, we show that physical layer cooperative
communications have significant impacts on the network
capacity, and the proposed topology control scheme can
substantially improve the network capacity in MANETs with
cooperative communications.
we find out various power aware and data packet rate control with-collision-avoidance (CSMA/CA)-based ad hoc wireless network communication. And identifies that CSMA
Efficient Load Balancing Routing in Wireless Mesh Networksijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Investigation of Clock Synchronization Techniques and its Performance Impact ...ijctet
Mobile ad hoc Network (MANET) is an assortment of mobile nodes that area unit needed to transmit packets on behalf of every alternative. The mobile nodes maintain the topology data during a dynamic network among a selected vary. All nodes should remember of its neighbors that area unit directly approachable. The every node in network maintained next hop data of close neighbor nodes. The routing protocols area unit routed knowledge packets in between sender and receiver during a specific time instant. The time synchronization is maintained the communication clock cycle between the nodes. Time synchronization is an important element of a MANET. Time synchronization during a network aims at providing a typical duration for local clocks of nodes within the network. Since all hardware clocks area unit imperfect, local clocks of nodes could alienate from one another in time, thus determined time or durations of your
Efficient and stable route selection by using cross layer concept for highly...Roopali Singh
Efficient and stable route selection by using cross layer concept for highly mobile network with predictive features by Rupali Singh, Gajendra Singh Dhakad
published in International Journal of Research & Technology, Volume 3, Issue 4_November_2015
Capacity of hybrid wireless mesh networks with random a psecway
Final Year IEEE Projects, Final Year Projects, Academic Final Year Projects, Academic Final Year IEEE Projects, Academic Final Year IEEE Projects 2013, Academic Final Year IEEE Projects 2014, IEEE JAVA, .NET Projects, 2013 IEEE JAVA, .NET Projects, 2013 IEEE JAVA, .NET Projects in Chennai, 2013 IEEE JAVA, .NET Projects in Trichy, 2013 IEEE JAVA, .NET Projects in Karur, 2013 IEEE JAVA, .NET Projects in Erode, 2013 IEEE JAVA, .NET Projects in Madurai, 2013 IEEE JAVA, .NET Projects in Salem, 2013 IEEE JAVA, .NET Projects in Coimbatore, 2013 IEEE JAVA, .NET Projects in Tirupur, 2013 IEEE JAVA, .NET Projects in Bangalore, 2013 IEEE JAVA, .NET Projects in Hydrabad, 2013 IEEE JAVA, .NET Projects in Kerala, 2013 IEEE JAVA, .NET Projects in Namakkal, IEEE JAVA, .NET Image Processing, IEEE JAVA, .NET Face Recognition, IEEE JAVA, .NET Face Detection, IEEE JAVA, .NET Brain Tumour, IEEE JAVA, .NET Iris Recognition, IEEE JAVA, .NET Image Segmentation, Final Year JAVA, .NET Projects in Pondichery, Final Year JAVA, .NET Projects in Tamilnadu, Final Year JAVA, .NET Projects in Chennai, Final Year JAVA, .NET Projects in Trichy, Final Year JAVA, .NET Projects in Erode, Final Year JAVA, .NET Projects in Karur, Final Year JAVA, .NET Projects in Coimbatore, Final Year JAVA, .NET Projects in Tirunelveli, Final Year JAVA, .NET Projects in Madurai, Final Year JAVA, .NET Projects in Salem, Final Year JAVA, .NET Projects in Tirupur, Final Year JAVA, .NET Projects in Namakkal, Final Year JAVA, .NET Projects in Tanjore, Final Year JAVA, .NET Projects in Coimbatore, Final Year JAVA, .NET Projects in Bangalore, Final Year JAVA, .NET Projects in Hydrabad, Final Year JAVA, .NET Projects in Kerala, Final Year JAVA, .NET IEEE Projects in Pondichery, Final Year JAVA, .NET IEEE Projects in Tamilnadu, Final Year JAVA, .NET IEEE Projects in Chennai, Final Year JAVA, .NET IEEE Projects in Trichy, Final Year JAVA, .NET IEEE Projects in Erode, Final Year JAVA, .NET IEEE Projects in Karur, Final Year JAVA, .NET IEEE Projects in Coimbatore, Final Year JAVA, .NET IEEE Projects in Tirunelveli, Final Year JAVA, .NET IEEE Projects in Madurai, Final Year JAVA, .NET IEEE Projects in Salem, Final Year JAVA, .NET IEEE Projects in Tirupur, Final Year JAVA, .NET IEEE Projects in Namakkal, Final Year JAVA, .NET IEEE Projects in Tanjore, Final Year JAVA, .NET IEEE Projects in Coimbatore, Final Year JAVA, .NET IEEE Projects in Bangalore, Final Year JAVA, .NET IEEE Projects in Hydrabad, Final Year JAVA, .NET IEEE Projects in Kerala, Final Year IEEE MATLAB Projects, Final Year Projects, Academic Final Year Projects, Academic Final Year IEEE MATLAB Projects, Academic Final Year IEEE MATLAB Projects 2013, Academic Final Year IEEE MATLAB Projects 2014, IEEE MATLAB Projects, 2013 IEEE MATLAB Projects, 2013 IEEE MATLAB Projects in Chennai, 2013 IEEE MATLAB Projects in Trichy, 2013 IEEE MATLAB Projects in Karur, 2013 IEEE MATLAB Projects in Erode, 2013 IEEE MATLAB Projects in Madurai, 2013 IEEE MATLAB
Active Path Updation For Layered Routing (Apular) In Wireless Mesh Networkschetan1nonly
Routing is the major research issues in the Wireless Mesh Network (WMN). Ad-hoc networks routing protocols can be applied for WMN, but due to limited success & less efficiency there is need of more efficient routing protocols. In Infrastructure Wireless Mesh Routing Architecture (IWMRA) routing protocol, source node initiates a path establishing process whenever path breaks. This is not an ideal method in WMN where every nodes rather than source and destination in the path are motionless. One way of overcoming this is by initiating the local route repair by destination node. In this paper, we propose an active path updating procedure APULAR for quickly repair the broken path. Moreover, to improve throughput and to reduce the co-channel interference, we use multiple interface with multi channels. We are considering 4-hop as an interference range and will use fixed channel assignment within the mesh routers to reduce the inter flow interference. Our procedure is simulated in NS2 and compared with AODV – MI3 and APULAR-MI2, APULAR-MI3, APULAR-MI5. Simulation results show that our protocol performs better AODV in key performance metrics like packet delivery ratio, control overhead, average throughput and end-to-end delay.
Improvement at Network Planning using Heuristic Algorithm to Minimize Cost of...IJECEIAES
Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) consists of wireless stations that are connected with each other in a semi-static configuration. Depending on the configuration of a WMN, different paths between nodes offer different levels of efficiency. One areas of research with regard to WMN is cost minimization. A Modified Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (MBPSO) approach was used to optimize cost. However, minimized cost does not guarantee network performance. This paper thus, modified the minimization function to take into consideration the distance between the different nodes so as to enable better performance while maintaining cost balance. The results were positive with the PDR showing an approximate increase of 17.83% whereas the E2E delay saw an approximate decrease of 8.33%.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
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DOTNET 2013 IEEE MOBILECOMPUTING PROJECT Capacity of hybrid wireless mesh networks with random a ps
1. CAPACITY OF HYBRID WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS
WITH RANDOM APS
ABSTRACT:
In conventional Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), multihop relays are performed in the backbone comprising
of interconnected Mesh Routers (MRs) and this causes capacity degradation.
We propose hybrid WMN architecture that the backbone is able to utilize random connections to Access Points
(APs) of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). In such a proposed hierarchal architecture, capacity
enhancement can be achieved by letting the traffic take advantage of the wired connections through APs.
Theoretical analysis has been conducted for the asymptotic capacity of three-tier hybrid WMN, where per-MR
capacity in the backbone is first derived and per-MC capacity is then obtained. Besides related to the number of
R cells as a conventional WMN, the analytical results reveal that the asymptotic capacity of a hybrid WMN is
also strongly affected by the number of cells having AP connections, the ratio of access link bandwidth to
backbone link bandwidth, etc.
MR configuration of the network can drastically improve the network capacity in our proposed network
architecture. It also shows that the traffic balance among the MRs with AP access is very important to have a
tighter asymptotic capacity bound. The results and conclusions justify the perspective of having such a hybrid
WMN utilizing widely deployed WLANs.
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2. EXISTING SYSTEM:
The Mesh routers (MRs) play an essential role in a WMN, which provides service for MCs on one hand;
forward data packets via wireless link to neighboring MRs on the other hand. Interconnected MRs form the
backbone of a WMN, where several special MRs connecting to the
Internet with wired cables are called Internet Gateways (IGWs). By taking disadvantage of wireless Multihop
forwarding deployment of MRs poses much less constraints as they can be deployed on electric poles or house
rooftop. Such deployment feasibility enables a WMN to provide low cost metro-scale coverage for MCs’
access. The major challenge in a WMN is the capacity degradation problem caused by the interference on a
single or multiple routing paths during Multihop transmission. Although the network architecture of any WMN
is different from an ad hoc network, the asymptotic capacity bound derived by the analytical work in [3] is still
valid for a WMN backbone.
DISADVANTAGES:
Actually, MRs need not have access to A/C power as energy can be supplied from self-equipped solar
panels.
The whole WMN forms multiple clusters where each cluster is led by an IGW and constraints MRs
closer to the IGW. Readers interested in various cluster construction methods are suggested.
Similar network architecture is the hybrid ad hoc networks, where infrastructures are interconnected
with wired cables and deliver data packets for ad hoc clients in a single or multiple hops.
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
The designed to have information about the complete network topology so as to perform routing functions
without involving the IGW capacity is constrained by the IGWs and the capacity may be worse than that of ad
hoc routing in the backbone. Having the whole network information at the MRs may lead to excessive overhead
and may not facilitate easy management of the clustering approach. The backbone of a WMN consists of MRs
and IGWs, where the MRs and the IGWs are wireless interconnected to each other and provide service to the
MCs. Multiple IGWs divide a WMN into several clusters such that each one is led by an IGW.
We investigate such an IGW cluster. MRs in the cluster is homogeneous that have the same backbone and
access link transmission region. Due to interference among neighboring MRs, they have to share wireless
resources in the frequency domain and/or time domain. The network is modeled as shown in Fig. 4, where grid
deployed MRs are indicated by blue circles, the IGW is indicated by red rectangles, randomly distributed MCs
3. are indicated by green dots, and APs are indicated by dark triangles. The three tiers of a hybrid WMN are: MCs
in the first tier connect to the MRs in the second tier.
ADVANTAGES:
The second tier also interconnects to each other. So, the traffic from MCs can exchange via the
connections among MRs in the second tier.
The connections from the MRs in the second tier to the APs in the third tier are random, which are
denoted by dotted lines in the figure. While wireless connections between the second tier and the third tier
available, the traffic between two MRs in the second tier can be exchanged via the third tier.
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT:
Processor - Pentium –IV
Speed - 1.1 GHz
RAM - 256 MB (min)
Hard Disk - 20 GB
Floppy Drive - 1.44 MB
Key Board - Standard Windows Keyboard
Mouse - Two or Three Button Mouse
Monitor - SVGA
5. MODULES:
NOVEL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
NETWORK MODEL AND ANALYSIS
HYBRID WMN ARCHITECTURE
TRAFFIC MODEL
ROUTING AND TRAFFIC BALANCE
ROUTING AND TRAFFIC BALANCE
PER-MC CAPACITY
6. MODULE DESCRIPTION:
NOVEL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE:
The proposing a novel network architecture a hybrid WMN, which will have a higher capacity than a
conventional WMN. Presence of APs in the deployment area of conventional WMNs is assumed and access
links for the connections to MRs are used. Thus, from the network architecture view, existing WMN is extended
with new elements Ps and a new link type AP-MR link, and translates a two-tier network into a three-tier
network.
NETWORK MODEL AND ANALYSIS:
Multiple IGWs divide a WMN into several clusters such that each one is led by an IGW. We investigate such an
IGW cluster. MRs in the cluster is homogeneous that have the same backbone and access link transmission
region. Due to interference among neighboring MRs, they have to share wireless resources in the frequency
domain and/or time domain. AP is present in the transmission range of anMRcell, MR can access the AP. The
connection between the MR and the AP is also an access link, which shares bandwidth with the MCs it is
serving. We call the MR with AP connection as AP-MR and the MR without AP connection as non-AP-MR.
While we use term “MR” without specifying and it means both kinds of MRs.
HYBRID WMN ARCHITECTURE:
The network is modeled where grid deployed MRs are indicated by blue circles, the IGW is indicated by red
rectangles, randomly distributed MCs are indicated by green dots, and APs are indicated by dark triangles. The
three tiers of a hybrid WMN are: MCs in the first tier connect to the MRs in the second tier. Each MR provides
network access service for multiple MCs. MRs in the second tier also interconnects to each other. So, the traffic
from MCs can exchange via the connections among MRs in the second tier. There is one IGW in the second
layer to provide Internet access to MRs. The third tier includes APs which are connected to each other by wired
connections.
TRAFFIC MODEL:
The traffic generated or terminated at MCs can be divided into intercluster and intracluster traffic. The
intercluster traffic is from the MCs to the destination outside the cluster or from the source outside the cluster to
the MC in the cluster. The traffic goes to the IGW and the IGW is in-charge of aggregating intercluster traffic,
routing in the wired network, protocol conversation, etc. Without loss of generality, we assume inter-cluster
traffic is from the MCs to the IGW. This condition also applies in the reverse direction.
ROUTING AND TRAFFIC BALANCE:
7. The routing and traffic balance scheme used in analyzing a WMN backbone, we use a 2D grid-based WMN.
The connectivity graphs of the MRs, which are denoted by dots at the intersection points, denote the
communication links. Packets can transmit from one MR to the neighboring MR in the grid, which counts as
one-hop transmission.
PER-MC CAPACITY:
The utilizing a random AP connection, the ratio of the backbone link bandwidth to the access link bandwidth is
very critical. The traffic via the APs employs the access link. While it is not sufficient, the benefits from using
the random connections will be limited. An increase in the number of AP-MRs can help increase the traffic
through the APs. The efficiency of implementing a large number of APs depends very much on the strategies of
traffic load balancing.
FLOW CHART
8. CONCLUSION:
In this paper, we have derived asymptotic capacity of hybrid WMN architecture with random connections to
APs. With this, the access link bandwidth greatly affects the capacity, which is different from a conventional
WMN. To some extent, the ratio of access link bandwidth to backbone link bandwidth is critical. It dominates
the capacity bottleneck and magnifies the influence of AP-MRs.
Theoretical results show that the capacity enhancement by accessing APs within the coverage of MRs is
significant with an increase in the number of AP-MRs and the bandwidth ratio. The improvement is at the very
low cost by utilizing currently available networks and it is also possible for those networks to take advantage of
a WMN.
We access to the APs are random, it may have negative impact on WLANs’ performance when the WLANs’
traffics are heavy. In the future work, we plan to consider the traffic between MRs and WLANs so as to have a
control mechanism that takes the traffic load at the APs into account.
9. REFERENCES:
[1] N. Nandiraju, D. Nandiraju, L. Santhanam, B. He, J. Wang, and D.P. Agrawal, “Wireless Mesh Networks:
Current Challenges and Future Directions of Web-in-the-Sky,” IEEE Wireless Comm., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 79-89,
Aug. 2007.
[2] C. Cordeiro and D.P. Agrawal, Ad Hoc & Sensor Networks: Theory and Applications. World Scientific,
2006.
[3] P. Gupta and P. Kumar, “The Capacity of Wireless Networks,” IEEE Trans. Information Theory, vol. 46,
no. 2, pp. 388-404, Mar. 2000.
[4] B. He, B. Xie, and D.P. Agrawal, “Optimizing the Internet Gateway Deployment in a Wireless Mesh
Network,” Proc. IEEE Int’l Conf. Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), 2007.
[5] B. Liu, Z. Liu, and D. Towsley, “On the Capacity of Hybrid Wireless Networks,” Proc. IEEE INFOCOM,
2003.
[6] U.C. Kozat and L. Tassulas, “Throughput Capacity of Random Ad Hoc Networks with Infrastructure
Support,” Proc. ACM MobiCom, 2003.
[7] A. Zemlianov and G. Veciana, “Capacity of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks with Infrastructure Support,” IEEE
J. Selected Area in Comm., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 657-667, Mar. 2005.
[8] P. Zhou, X. Wang, and R. Rao, “Asymptotic Capacity of Infrastructure Wireless Mesh Networks,” IEEE
Trans. Mobile Computing, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 1011-1024, Aug. 2008.