International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Dear Student,
DREAMWEB TECHNO SOLUTIONS is one of the Hardware Training and Software Development centre available in
Trichy. Pioneer in corporate training, DREAMWEB TECHNO SOLUTIONS provides training in all software
development and IT-related courses, such as Embedded Systems, VLSI, MATLAB, JAVA, J2EE, CIVIL,
Power Electronics, and Power Systems. It’s certified and experienced faculty members have the
competence to train students, provide consultancy to organizations, and develop strategic
solutions for clients by integrating existing and emerging technologies.
ADD: No:73/5, 3rd Floor, Sri Kamatchi Complex, Opp City Hospital, Salai Road, Trichy-18
Contact @ 7200021403/04
phone: 0431-4050403
The novel applications of sensor networks impose some requirements in wireless sensor network design. With the energy efficiency and lifetime awareness, the throughput and network delayalso required to support emerging applications of sensor networks. In this paper, we propose
throughput and network delay aware intra-cluster routing protocol. We introduce the back-up links in the intra-cluster communication path. The link throughput, communication delay, packet loss ratio, interference, residual energy and node distance are the considered factors in finding efficient path of data communication among the sensor nodes within the cluster. The
simulation result shows the higher throughput and lower average packet delay rate for the proposed routing protocol than the existing benchmarks. The proposed routing protocol also shows energy efficiency and lifetime awareness with better connectivity rate.
Energy Consumption in Ad Hoc Network With Agents Minimizing the Number of Hop...CSCJournals
Wireless mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a special kind of network, where all of the nodes move in time. Node is intended to help relaying packets of neighboring nodes using multi-hop routing mechanism in order to solve problem of dead communication. MANET which engages broadcasting and contains multiple hops becomes increasingly vulnerable to problems such as mobile node’s energy degradation, routing problem and rapid increasing of overhead packets. This paper provides an extensive study of energy consumption in the MANET that consists of several network areas with the presence agents. Agents will minimize number of hops and its affect in linearity with the delay. As nodes grow, either in data transmission services or coverage of node’s communication or more agents stand in overlapped locations, accordingly data exchange and topology development to adapt the network are becoming an important issue. As a result, agents are needed to support process automation, high-level connectivity and intelligent service on that such environment. We evaluate the agents’ performance and network energy consumption for supporting MANET. The proposed agents provides service packets transmission between networks; e.g. determine appropriate relay nodes dynamically, maintain the transmission between networks through another nodes, share the topology knowledge among agents, and route packets between source and final destination that are unable to communicate directly. The achievement on research with this approach is conducted via simulation study. A similar network without agents is presented to derive such referential bounds by using appropriate functions of network agents. The proposed algorithm is confirmed with composite simulation results.
A New Paradigm for Load Balancing in WMNsCSCJournals
In this paper, we address the problem of load balancing in Wireless Mesh Networks. We consider a Cluster Based Wireless Mesh Architecture in which the WMN is divided into clusters that could minimize the updating overhead during topology change due to mobility of mesh nodes or congestion of load on a cluster. Each cluster contains a gateway that has complete knowledge about group memberships and link state information in the cluster. The gateway is often elected in the cluster formation process. We consider load of gateways and try to reduce it. As a matter of fact when a gateway undertakes to be an interface for connecting nodes of a wireless mesh network to other networks or internet, there would be some problems such as congestion and bottleneck, so we introduce a new paradigm for these problems. For solving bottleneck we use clustering to reduce load of gateways and after that by use of dividing cluster we prevent from bottleneck on gateways. We study how to detect congestion on a gateway and how can reduce loads of it that preventing from bottleneck on gateway and therefore increasing throughput of network to encountering many loads. So we propose an algorithm to detect bottleneck and remedies for load balancing in Wireless Mesh Networks. We also use Ns2-Emultion for implementing and testing the framework. Some qualitative results are provided to prove the correctness and the advantages of our framework.
Wireless mesh networks offer high bandwidth Internet access for mobile users anywhere and at any time.
It is an emerging technology that uses wireless multi-hop networking to provide a cost-efficient way for
community or enterprise users to have broadband Internet access and share network resource. In this paper,
we have tried to give a comparative analysis of various Gateway Placement approaches which can be
helpful in understanding which approach will be useful in which situation.
Dear Student,
DREAMWEB TECHNO SOLUTIONS is one of the Hardware Training and Software Development centre available in
Trichy. Pioneer in corporate training, DREAMWEB TECHNO SOLUTIONS provides training in all software
development and IT-related courses, such as Embedded Systems, VLSI, MATLAB, JAVA, J2EE, CIVIL,
Power Electronics, and Power Systems. It’s certified and experienced faculty members have the
competence to train students, provide consultancy to organizations, and develop strategic
solutions for clients by integrating existing and emerging technologies.
ADD: No:73/5, 3rd Floor, Sri Kamatchi Complex, Opp City Hospital, Salai Road, Trichy-18
Contact @ 7200021403/04
phone: 0431-4050403
The novel applications of sensor networks impose some requirements in wireless sensor network design. With the energy efficiency and lifetime awareness, the throughput and network delayalso required to support emerging applications of sensor networks. In this paper, we propose
throughput and network delay aware intra-cluster routing protocol. We introduce the back-up links in the intra-cluster communication path. The link throughput, communication delay, packet loss ratio, interference, residual energy and node distance are the considered factors in finding efficient path of data communication among the sensor nodes within the cluster. The
simulation result shows the higher throughput and lower average packet delay rate for the proposed routing protocol than the existing benchmarks. The proposed routing protocol also shows energy efficiency and lifetime awareness with better connectivity rate.
Energy Consumption in Ad Hoc Network With Agents Minimizing the Number of Hop...CSCJournals
Wireless mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a special kind of network, where all of the nodes move in time. Node is intended to help relaying packets of neighboring nodes using multi-hop routing mechanism in order to solve problem of dead communication. MANET which engages broadcasting and contains multiple hops becomes increasingly vulnerable to problems such as mobile node’s energy degradation, routing problem and rapid increasing of overhead packets. This paper provides an extensive study of energy consumption in the MANET that consists of several network areas with the presence agents. Agents will minimize number of hops and its affect in linearity with the delay. As nodes grow, either in data transmission services or coverage of node’s communication or more agents stand in overlapped locations, accordingly data exchange and topology development to adapt the network are becoming an important issue. As a result, agents are needed to support process automation, high-level connectivity and intelligent service on that such environment. We evaluate the agents’ performance and network energy consumption for supporting MANET. The proposed agents provides service packets transmission between networks; e.g. determine appropriate relay nodes dynamically, maintain the transmission between networks through another nodes, share the topology knowledge among agents, and route packets between source and final destination that are unable to communicate directly. The achievement on research with this approach is conducted via simulation study. A similar network without agents is presented to derive such referential bounds by using appropriate functions of network agents. The proposed algorithm is confirmed with composite simulation results.
A New Paradigm for Load Balancing in WMNsCSCJournals
In this paper, we address the problem of load balancing in Wireless Mesh Networks. We consider a Cluster Based Wireless Mesh Architecture in which the WMN is divided into clusters that could minimize the updating overhead during topology change due to mobility of mesh nodes or congestion of load on a cluster. Each cluster contains a gateway that has complete knowledge about group memberships and link state information in the cluster. The gateway is often elected in the cluster formation process. We consider load of gateways and try to reduce it. As a matter of fact when a gateway undertakes to be an interface for connecting nodes of a wireless mesh network to other networks or internet, there would be some problems such as congestion and bottleneck, so we introduce a new paradigm for these problems. For solving bottleneck we use clustering to reduce load of gateways and after that by use of dividing cluster we prevent from bottleneck on gateways. We study how to detect congestion on a gateway and how can reduce loads of it that preventing from bottleneck on gateway and therefore increasing throughput of network to encountering many loads. So we propose an algorithm to detect bottleneck and remedies for load balancing in Wireless Mesh Networks. We also use Ns2-Emultion for implementing and testing the framework. Some qualitative results are provided to prove the correctness and the advantages of our framework.
Wireless mesh networks offer high bandwidth Internet access for mobile users anywhere and at any time.
It is an emerging technology that uses wireless multi-hop networking to provide a cost-efficient way for
community or enterprise users to have broadband Internet access and share network resource. In this paper,
we have tried to give a comparative analysis of various Gateway Placement approaches which can be
helpful in understanding which approach will be useful in which situation.
Modified q aware scheduling algorithm for improved fairness in 802.16 j networksIJCNCJournal
Deployment of Multi-hop Relays in WiMax based Cellu
lar Networks is considered as a cost effective
solution to increase the Coverage area of Base Stat
ion and also to improve the Network Capacity with h
igh
quality short links. Scheduling became a challengin
g task in these Multi-hop Relay Wireless Cellular
Networks of IEEE 802.16j standard. H. Chen, X. Xie
and H. Wu proposed a Q-aware Scheduling
Algorithm in which back-pressure flow control mecha
nism is used to reflect current Q size of the Relay
s
and considered high back-pressure links to include
in Concurrent Transmission Scenarios, to maximize t
he
throughput. This focus on high back-pressure links,
leads to starvation of Mobile Stations having low
back-
pressure links, resulting unfairness in some cases.
To remedy this situation, a Fair Link Inclusion (F
LI)
mechanism is applied in Greedy Algorithm of Q-aware
Scheduling Algorithm. Simulation results show that
Modified Q-aware Scheduling Algorithm with FLI mech
anism has reasonable improvement in fairness and
maintaining steady throughput when compared with ex
isting algorithms.
Improvement at Network Planning using Heuristic Algorithm to Minimize Cost of...Yayah Zakaria
Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) consists of wireless stations that are connected with each other in a semi-static configuration. Depending on the configuration of a WMN, different paths between nodes offer different levels of efficiency. One areas of research with regard to WMN is cost minimization. A Modified Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (MBPSO) approach was used to optimize cost. However, minimized cost does not
guarantee network performance. This paper thus, modified the minimization function to take into consideration the distance between the different nodes so as to enable better performance while maintaining cost balance. The results were positive with the PDR showing an approximate increase of 17.83% whereas the E2E delay saw an approximate decrease of 8.33%.
Defeating jamming with the power of silence a gametheoretic analysisranjith kumar
Dear Student,
DREAMWEB TECHNO SOLUTIONS is one of the Hardware Training and Software Development centre available in
Trichy. Pioneer in corporate training, DREAMWEB TECHNO SOLUTIONS provides training in all software
development and IT-related courses, such as Embedded Systems, VLSI, MATLAB, JAVA, J2EE, CIVIL,
Power Electronics, and Power Systems. It’s certified and experienced faculty members have the
competence to train students, provide consultancy to organizations, and develop strategic
solutions for clients by integrating existing and emerging technologies.
ADD: No:73/5, 3rd Floor, Sri Kamatchi Complex, Opp City Hospital, Salai Road, Trichy-18
Contact @ 7200021403/04
phone: 0431-4050403
QoS Oriented Coding For Mobility Constraint in Wireless Networksiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Ieee transactions 2018 on wireless communications Title and Abstracttsysglobalsolutions
Final year BE, B.Tech, ME, M.Tech projects along with our professionals for developing Real Time Applications in Emerging Technologies.
We can support to your final year projects in all domains with latest technologies and simulation tool like NS2, NS3, Glomosim, Opnet, Matlab, IDL, Sumo, Gridsim, Bonita tool & Cloud deployments (Cloudsim, Google App Engine, Amazon Deployment, and Real time Cloud Deployment)also we are support for JOURNAL and CONFERENCE Preparation.
?
TSYS Research and Development.
20/9 Sardar Patel Road, Janaki Complex,
4th Floor, Adyar, Chennai - 20?
Tel : 91 44 42607879, 98411 03123.
Website : http://www.tsysglobalsolutions.com/
http://tsysphdsupport.com/
Abstract: Energy consumption is one of the constraints in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The routing protocols are the hot areas to address quality-of-service (QoS) related issues viz. Energy consumption, network lifetime, network scalability and packet overhead. In existing system a hybrid optimization based PEGASIS-DSR optimized routing protocol (PDORP) is presented which used cache and directional transmission concept of both proactive and reactive routing protocols. The performance of PDORP has been evaluated and the results indicated that it performs better in most significant parameters. The performance of the existing method is checked when it is evaluated and validated with the nodes which are highly dynamic in nature based on the application requirement. The current system finds the trusted nodes in the case of only static environment. To overcome the issue the proposed system is applied for dynamic WSN’s with the location frequently being changed. The PDORP-LC is applied with local caching (LC) to acquire the location information so that the path learning can be dynamic without depending on the fixed location. The proposed work is performing in dynamic environment with the dynamic derivation of trusted nodes.
Keywords: local caching (LC), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), PEGASIS-DSR optimized routing protocol (PDORP).
Title: Energy Efficient Optimal Paths Using PDORP-LC
Author: ADARSH KUMAR B, BIBIN CHRISTOPHER, ISSAC SAJAN, AJ DEEPA
ISSN 2350-1022
International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology
Paper Publications
An Adaptive Cluster Head Election Algorithm for Heterogeneous Mobile Ad-hoc N...IJLT EMAS
Mobile ad-hoc network characterized as a homogenous and heterogeneous on the basis of node capabilities. Heterogeneity property may make issues for mobile ad-hoc network in context of coverage area, link stability, lifetime etc. To resolve these issues, require a mechanism to adapt different characteristics and make decision for smooth functioning. Heterogeneity also leads effective routing problem that occurs instability in route or path. Though to make effective routing in this situation, efficient clustering algorithm may be apply. In this paper, the effects of heterogeneity property are studied and analyzed. A cluster head algorithm is also suggested to deal with the effects of the property. Suggested algorithm is simulated in network simulation and performance is evaluated in context of computation cost, lifetime and number of clusters.
A wireless network consists of a set of wireless nodes forming the network. The bandwidth allocation scheme used in wireless networks should automatically adapt to the network’s environments, where issues such as mobility are highly variable. This paper proposes a method to distribute the bandwidth for wireless network nodes depending on dynamic methodology;this methodology uses intelligent clustering techniques that depend on the student’s distribution at the university campus, rather than the classical allocation methods. We propose a clustering-based approach to solve the dynamic bandwidth allocation problem in wireless networks, enabling wireless nodes to adapt their bandwidth allocation according to the changing number of expected users over time. The proposed solution allows the optimal online bandwidth allocation based on the data extracted from the lectures timetable, and fed to the wireless network control nodes, allowing them to adapt to their environment. The environment data is processed and clustered using the KMeans clustering algorithm to identify potential peak times for every wireless node. The proposed solution feasibility is tested by applying the approach to a case study, at the Arab American University campus wireless network.
Nexgen Technology Address:
Nexgen Technology
No :66,4th cross,Venkata nagar,
Near SBI ATM,
Puducherry.
Email Id: praveen@nexgenproject.com.
www.nexgenproject.com
Mobile: 9751442511,9791938249
Telephone: 0413-2211159.
NEXGEN TECHNOLOGY as an efficient Software Training Center located at Pondicherry with IT Training on IEEE Projects in Android,IEEE IT B.Tech Student Projects, Android Projects Training with Placements Pondicherry, IEEE projects in pondicherry, final IEEE Projects in Pondicherry , MCA, BTech, BCA Projects in Pondicherry, Bulk IEEE PROJECTS IN Pondicherry.So far we have reached almost all engineering colleges located in Pondicherry and around 90km
M phil-computer-science-wireless-communication-projectsVijay Karan
List of Wireless Communication IEEE 2006 Projects. It Contains the IEEE Projects in the Domain Wireless Communication for M.Phil Computer Science students.
Attaining Augmented Overhaul and Profit Maximization in Cognitive Wireless In...paperpublications3
Abstract: With the increase in wireless communication, the necessary resources needed are getting scarcer. One of the resources is a spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum is a natural resource that cannot be produced or destroyed. They should be used optimally. In older days, the spectrum is divided into portions and each portion is used by separate organizations. This is called static spectrum allocation. But, the organizations do not use the spectrum, fully both in case of time and in the case of bandwidth. The scarce resource spectrum is wasted. So, dynamic spectrum allocation is introduced. In this technique, the communication is done through the bandwidth which is free. So, wastage of bandwidth is reduced partially. In 2011, CWMN was introduced. In this type of network, there are two types of users. Primary licensed users, and secondary unlicensed users.
Nexgen Technology Address:
Nexgen Technology
No :66,4th cross,Venkata nagar,
Near SBI ATM,
Puducherry.
Email Id: praveen@nexgenproject.com.
www.nexgenproject.com
Mobile: 9751442511,9791938249
Telephone: 0413-2211159.
NEXGEN TECHNOLOGY as an efficient Software Training Center located at Pondicherry with IT Training on IEEE Projects in Android,IEEE IT B.Tech Student Projects, Android Projects Training with Placements Pondicherry, IEEE projects in pondicherry, final IEEE Projects in Pondicherry , MCA, BTech, BCA Projects in Pondicherry, Bulk IEEE PROJECTS IN Pondicherry.So far we have reached almost all engineering colleges located in Pondicherry and around 90km
Modified q aware scheduling algorithm for improved fairness in 802.16 j networksIJCNCJournal
Deployment of Multi-hop Relays in WiMax based Cellu
lar Networks is considered as a cost effective
solution to increase the Coverage area of Base Stat
ion and also to improve the Network Capacity with h
igh
quality short links. Scheduling became a challengin
g task in these Multi-hop Relay Wireless Cellular
Networks of IEEE 802.16j standard. H. Chen, X. Xie
and H. Wu proposed a Q-aware Scheduling
Algorithm in which back-pressure flow control mecha
nism is used to reflect current Q size of the Relay
s
and considered high back-pressure links to include
in Concurrent Transmission Scenarios, to maximize t
he
throughput. This focus on high back-pressure links,
leads to starvation of Mobile Stations having low
back-
pressure links, resulting unfairness in some cases.
To remedy this situation, a Fair Link Inclusion (F
LI)
mechanism is applied in Greedy Algorithm of Q-aware
Scheduling Algorithm. Simulation results show that
Modified Q-aware Scheduling Algorithm with FLI mech
anism has reasonable improvement in fairness and
maintaining steady throughput when compared with ex
isting algorithms.
Improvement at Network Planning using Heuristic Algorithm to Minimize Cost of...Yayah Zakaria
Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) consists of wireless stations that are connected with each other in a semi-static configuration. Depending on the configuration of a WMN, different paths between nodes offer different levels of efficiency. One areas of research with regard to WMN is cost minimization. A Modified Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (MBPSO) approach was used to optimize cost. However, minimized cost does not
guarantee network performance. This paper thus, modified the minimization function to take into consideration the distance between the different nodes so as to enable better performance while maintaining cost balance. The results were positive with the PDR showing an approximate increase of 17.83% whereas the E2E delay saw an approximate decrease of 8.33%.
Defeating jamming with the power of silence a gametheoretic analysisranjith kumar
Dear Student,
DREAMWEB TECHNO SOLUTIONS is one of the Hardware Training and Software Development centre available in
Trichy. Pioneer in corporate training, DREAMWEB TECHNO SOLUTIONS provides training in all software
development and IT-related courses, such as Embedded Systems, VLSI, MATLAB, JAVA, J2EE, CIVIL,
Power Electronics, and Power Systems. It’s certified and experienced faculty members have the
competence to train students, provide consultancy to organizations, and develop strategic
solutions for clients by integrating existing and emerging technologies.
ADD: No:73/5, 3rd Floor, Sri Kamatchi Complex, Opp City Hospital, Salai Road, Trichy-18
Contact @ 7200021403/04
phone: 0431-4050403
QoS Oriented Coding For Mobility Constraint in Wireless Networksiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Ieee transactions 2018 on wireless communications Title and Abstracttsysglobalsolutions
Final year BE, B.Tech, ME, M.Tech projects along with our professionals for developing Real Time Applications in Emerging Technologies.
We can support to your final year projects in all domains with latest technologies and simulation tool like NS2, NS3, Glomosim, Opnet, Matlab, IDL, Sumo, Gridsim, Bonita tool & Cloud deployments (Cloudsim, Google App Engine, Amazon Deployment, and Real time Cloud Deployment)also we are support for JOURNAL and CONFERENCE Preparation.
?
TSYS Research and Development.
20/9 Sardar Patel Road, Janaki Complex,
4th Floor, Adyar, Chennai - 20?
Tel : 91 44 42607879, 98411 03123.
Website : http://www.tsysglobalsolutions.com/
http://tsysphdsupport.com/
Abstract: Energy consumption is one of the constraints in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The routing protocols are the hot areas to address quality-of-service (QoS) related issues viz. Energy consumption, network lifetime, network scalability and packet overhead. In existing system a hybrid optimization based PEGASIS-DSR optimized routing protocol (PDORP) is presented which used cache and directional transmission concept of both proactive and reactive routing protocols. The performance of PDORP has been evaluated and the results indicated that it performs better in most significant parameters. The performance of the existing method is checked when it is evaluated and validated with the nodes which are highly dynamic in nature based on the application requirement. The current system finds the trusted nodes in the case of only static environment. To overcome the issue the proposed system is applied for dynamic WSN’s with the location frequently being changed. The PDORP-LC is applied with local caching (LC) to acquire the location information so that the path learning can be dynamic without depending on the fixed location. The proposed work is performing in dynamic environment with the dynamic derivation of trusted nodes.
Keywords: local caching (LC), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), PEGASIS-DSR optimized routing protocol (PDORP).
Title: Energy Efficient Optimal Paths Using PDORP-LC
Author: ADARSH KUMAR B, BIBIN CHRISTOPHER, ISSAC SAJAN, AJ DEEPA
ISSN 2350-1022
International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology
Paper Publications
An Adaptive Cluster Head Election Algorithm for Heterogeneous Mobile Ad-hoc N...IJLT EMAS
Mobile ad-hoc network characterized as a homogenous and heterogeneous on the basis of node capabilities. Heterogeneity property may make issues for mobile ad-hoc network in context of coverage area, link stability, lifetime etc. To resolve these issues, require a mechanism to adapt different characteristics and make decision for smooth functioning. Heterogeneity also leads effective routing problem that occurs instability in route or path. Though to make effective routing in this situation, efficient clustering algorithm may be apply. In this paper, the effects of heterogeneity property are studied and analyzed. A cluster head algorithm is also suggested to deal with the effects of the property. Suggested algorithm is simulated in network simulation and performance is evaluated in context of computation cost, lifetime and number of clusters.
A wireless network consists of a set of wireless nodes forming the network. The bandwidth allocation scheme used in wireless networks should automatically adapt to the network’s environments, where issues such as mobility are highly variable. This paper proposes a method to distribute the bandwidth for wireless network nodes depending on dynamic methodology;this methodology uses intelligent clustering techniques that depend on the student’s distribution at the university campus, rather than the classical allocation methods. We propose a clustering-based approach to solve the dynamic bandwidth allocation problem in wireless networks, enabling wireless nodes to adapt their bandwidth allocation according to the changing number of expected users over time. The proposed solution allows the optimal online bandwidth allocation based on the data extracted from the lectures timetable, and fed to the wireless network control nodes, allowing them to adapt to their environment. The environment data is processed and clustered using the KMeans clustering algorithm to identify potential peak times for every wireless node. The proposed solution feasibility is tested by applying the approach to a case study, at the Arab American University campus wireless network.
Nexgen Technology Address:
Nexgen Technology
No :66,4th cross,Venkata nagar,
Near SBI ATM,
Puducherry.
Email Id: praveen@nexgenproject.com.
www.nexgenproject.com
Mobile: 9751442511,9791938249
Telephone: 0413-2211159.
NEXGEN TECHNOLOGY as an efficient Software Training Center located at Pondicherry with IT Training on IEEE Projects in Android,IEEE IT B.Tech Student Projects, Android Projects Training with Placements Pondicherry, IEEE projects in pondicherry, final IEEE Projects in Pondicherry , MCA, BTech, BCA Projects in Pondicherry, Bulk IEEE PROJECTS IN Pondicherry.So far we have reached almost all engineering colleges located in Pondicherry and around 90km
M phil-computer-science-wireless-communication-projectsVijay Karan
List of Wireless Communication IEEE 2006 Projects. It Contains the IEEE Projects in the Domain Wireless Communication for M.Phil Computer Science students.
Attaining Augmented Overhaul and Profit Maximization in Cognitive Wireless In...paperpublications3
Abstract: With the increase in wireless communication, the necessary resources needed are getting scarcer. One of the resources is a spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum is a natural resource that cannot be produced or destroyed. They should be used optimally. In older days, the spectrum is divided into portions and each portion is used by separate organizations. This is called static spectrum allocation. But, the organizations do not use the spectrum, fully both in case of time and in the case of bandwidth. The scarce resource spectrum is wasted. So, dynamic spectrum allocation is introduced. In this technique, the communication is done through the bandwidth which is free. So, wastage of bandwidth is reduced partially. In 2011, CWMN was introduced. In this type of network, there are two types of users. Primary licensed users, and secondary unlicensed users.
Nexgen Technology Address:
Nexgen Technology
No :66,4th cross,Venkata nagar,
Near SBI ATM,
Puducherry.
Email Id: praveen@nexgenproject.com.
www.nexgenproject.com
Mobile: 9751442511,9791938249
Telephone: 0413-2211159.
NEXGEN TECHNOLOGY as an efficient Software Training Center located at Pondicherry with IT Training on IEEE Projects in Android,IEEE IT B.Tech Student Projects, Android Projects Training with Placements Pondicherry, IEEE projects in pondicherry, final IEEE Projects in Pondicherry , MCA, BTech, BCA Projects in Pondicherry, Bulk IEEE PROJECTS IN Pondicherry.So far we have reached almost all engineering colleges located in Pondicherry and around 90km
DESIGN OF ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING ALGORITHM FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WSN...cscpconf
Development of energy efficient Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) routing protocol is nowadays main area of interest amongst researchers. This research is an effort in designing energy efficient Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) routing protocol under certain parameters consideration. Research report discusses various existing WSN routing protocols and propose a new WSN energy efficient routing protocol. Results show a significant improvement in life cycle of the nodes and enhancement in energy efficiency of WSN. In this paper, an attempt has been made to design a wireless sensor network involving the extraction of Pascal Graph features. The standard task involves designing a suitable topology using Pascal Graph. As per the definition of interconnection network it is equivalent that a suitable graph can represent the different computer network topologies very efficiently. Different characteristics of Pascal Graph Topology has been discovered and used in network topology design. Since Pascal Graph gives
better result in terms of finding the dependable and reliable nodes in topology, it has been considered for network analysis. Moreover, we propose a methodology that involves the Pascal
Graph Topology for wireless sensor network which can analyse and represent the network and help in routing.
Improvement at Network Planning using Heuristic Algorithm to Minimize Cost of...IJECEIAES
Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) consists of wireless stations that are connected with each other in a semi-static configuration. Depending on the configuration of a WMN, different paths between nodes offer different levels of efficiency. One areas of research with regard to WMN is cost minimization. A Modified Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (MBPSO) approach was used to optimize cost. However, minimized cost does not guarantee network performance. This paper thus, modified the minimization function to take into consideration the distance between the different nodes so as to enable better performance while maintaining cost balance. The results were positive with the PDR showing an approximate increase of 17.83% whereas the E2E delay saw an approximate decrease of 8.33%.
Energy Behavior in Ad Hoc Network Minimizing the Number of Hops and Maintaini...CSCJournals
Wireless ad-hoc mesh network is a special kind of network, where all of the nodes move in time. The topology of the network changes as the nodes are in the proximity of each other. Ad-hoc networks are generally self-configuring no stable infrastructure takes a place. In this network, each node should help relaying packets of neighboring nodes using multi-hop routing mechanism. This mechanism is needed to reach far destination nodes to solve problem of dead communication. This multiple traffic "hops" within a wireless mesh network caused dilemma. Wireless mesh network that contain multiple hops become increasingly vulnerable to problems such as energy degradation and rapid increasing of overhead packets. This paper provides a generic routing framework that balances energy efficient broadcast schemes in Wireless (Ad-Hoc) Mesh Network and maintaining connectivity of nodes (mobile terminals). Typically, each node’s activities will consume energy, either for sending packets, receiving or preparing/processing packets. Number of hops, distance of nodes, and size of packet will determine the consumption of energy. The framework is based on the principle that additional relay nodes with appropriate energy and routing metric between source and final destination significantly reduces the energy consumption necessary to deliver packets in Wireless (Ad-Hoc) Mesh Network while keep the connectivity of dynamic nodes. Using the framework, the average network connectivity is kept 18% higher and the lifetime of network lasting more than 2.38% compared with network with Link State Routing mechanism. The simulation notes that the end-to-end delay may increase rapidly if relay nodes are more than five.
A NODE DEPLOYMENT MODEL WITH VARIABLE TRANSMISSION DISTANCE FOR WIRELESS SENS...ijwmn
The deployment of network nodes is essential to ensure the wireless sensor network's regular operation and affects the multiple network performance metrics, such as connectivity, coverage, lifetime, and cost. This paper focuses on the problem of minimizing network costs while meeting network requirements, and proposes a corona-based deployment method by using the variable transmission distance sensor. Based on the analysis of node energy consumption and network cost, an optimization model to minimize Cost Per Unit Area is given. The transmission distances and initial energy of the sensors are obtained by solving the model. The optimization model is improved to ensure the energy consumption balance of nodes in the same corona. Based on these parameters, the process of network node deployment is given. Deploying the
network through this method will greatly reduce network costs.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Professional QoS Provisioning in the Intra Cluster Packet Level Resource Al...GiselleginaGloria
Wireless mesh networking has transpired as a gifted technology for potential broadband wireless access. In a communication network, wireless mesh network plays a vital role in transmission and are structured in a mesh topology. The coordination of mesh routers and mesh clients forms the wireless mesh networks which are routed through the gateways. Wireless mesh networks uses IEEE 802.11 standards and has its wide applications broadband home networking and enterprise networking deployment such as Microsoft wireless mesh and MIT etc. A professional Qos provisioning in intra cluster packet level resource allocation for WMN approach takes power allocation, sub carrier allocation and packet scheduling. This approach combines the merits of a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) algorithm and a genetic algorithm (GA) based approach. The KKT algorithm uses uniform power allocation over all the subcarriers, based on the optimal allocation criterion. The genetic algorithm is used to generate useful solutions to optimization and search problems and it is also used for search problems. By combining the intrinsic worth of both the approaches, it facilitates effective QOS provisioning at the packet level. It is concluded that, this approach achieves a preferred stability between system implementation and computational convolution.
A Novel Weighted Clustering Based Approach for Improving the Wireless Sensor ...IJERA Editor
Great lifetime and reliability is the key aim of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) design. As for prolonging
lifetime of this type of network, energy is the most important resource; all recent researches are focused on more
and more energy efficient techniques. Proposed work is Weighted Clustering Approach based on Weighted
Cluster Head Selection, which is highly energy efficient and reliable in mobile network scenario. Weight
calculation using different attributes of the nodes like SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio), Remaining Energy, Node
Degree, Mobility, and Buffer Length gives efficient Cluster Head (CH) on regular interval of time. CH rotation
helps in optimum utilization of energy available with all nodes; results in prolonged network lifetime.
Implementation is done using the NS2 network simulator and performance evaluation is carried out in terms of
PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio), End to End Delay, Throughput, and Energy Consumption. Demonstration of the
obtained results shows that proposed work is adaptable for improving the performance. In order to justify the
solution, the performance of proposed technique is compared with the performance of traditional approach. The
performance of proposed technique is found optimum as compared to the traditional techniques.
Topology Management for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ScenarioIJERA Editor
Cooperative communication is the main accessing point in present days. These results can be accessed through proactive protocol like route request packet sending and route request packet receiving. The main issue is how communication will be done in MANETS. Mobile Ad-hoc networks are self-configurable networks; each node behaves like server and client in MANET. COCO (Capacity Optimized Cooperative Communication) model was developed for accessing these types of resources in MANETs. This model can’t provide sufficient communication or overall network performance. This model provides sufficient capability improvement in mobile ad-hoc networks, but this model will be taking more power resources for doing this work. exploitation simulation examples, we have a tendency to show that physical layer cooperative communications have important impacts on the performance of topology control and network capability, and also the proposed topology management scheme will considerably improve the network capability in MANETs with cooperative communications
Design and implementation of grid based clustering in WSN using dynamic sink ...journalBEEI
A wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a significant application, especially in the monitored remoting environmental, which enables by the availability of sensors which are cheaper, smaller, and intelligent. The equipment of such sensors be with wireless interfaces, which a communication with other sensors occurs for creating a network, that contains many distributed nodes. The closest nodes to the sink are exploited at an enormous traffic load while the data from the whole regions are forwarded between them to reach the sink. This result in exhausting their energy quickly and partitioning the network. This is solved by changing the sink node position in Grid based clustering technique, which considers the optimal method for this purpose. A simulation with MATLAB can be applied for grid based clustering technique to evaluate the performance of WSN. The expected results deal with outperforms in throughput, reducing energy consumption and increasing residual energy, in addition to prolong the network lifetime of the sensor network.
LINK-LEVEL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF RELAY-BASED WIMAX NETWORKijwmn
Relay technology promises appreciable network throughput and coverage enhancement which is required
for high speed wireless cellular systems to function to their optimum. This paper is focused on analysing
the link performance of a relay-based WiMAX network under varying conditions. Comparison is made
between relay and direct link communication in terms of BER (Bit Error Rate), spectral efficiency and
capacity. Effect of multipath fading and user speed on performance are investigated as well. The entire
study involves a hypothetical view as well as MATLAB simulations to predict the benefit of relay
deployment. This is aimed at solving pertinent issues such as coverage holes and cell edge problems which
are associated with traditional non-relay based cellular networks.
LINK-LEVEL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF RELAY-BASED WIMAX NETWORKijwmn
Relay technology promises appreciable network throughput and coverage enhancement which is required
for high speed wireless cellular systems to function to their optimum. This paper is focused on analysing
the link performance of a relay-based WiMAX network under varying conditions. Comparison is made
between relay and direct link communication in terms of BER (Bit Error Rate), spectral efficiency and
capacity. Effect of multipath fading and user speed on performance are investigated as well. The entire
study involves a hypothetical view as well as MATLAB simulations to predict the benefit of relay
deployment. This is aimed at solving pertinent issues such as coverage holes and cell edge problems which
are associated with traditional non-relay based cellular networks
Coverage and Connectivity Aware Neural Network Based Energy Efficient Routing...graphhoc
There are many challenges when designing and deploying wireless sensor networks (WSNs). One of the key challenges is how to make full use of the limited energy to prolong the lifetime of the network, because energy is a valuable resource in WSNs. The status of energy consumption should be continuously monitored after network deployment. In this paper, we propose coverage and connectivity aware neural network based energy efficient routing in WSN with the objective of maximizing the network lifetime. In the proposed scheme, the problem is formulated as linear programming (LP) with coverage and connectivity aware constraints. Cluster head selection is proposed using adaptive learning in neural networks followed by coverage and connectivity aware routing with data transmission. The proposed scheme is compared with existing schemes with respect to the parameters such as number of alive nodes, packet delivery fraction, and node residual energy. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can be used in wide area of applications in WSNs.
An Improved Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks Through Clustering In C...Editor IJCATR
One of the major reason for performance degradation in Wireless sensor network is the overhead due to control packet and
packet delivery degradation. Clustering in cross layer network operation is an efficient way manage control packet overhead and which
ultimately improve the lifetime of a network. All these overheads are crucial in a scalable networks. But the clustering always suffer
from the cluster head failure which need to be solved effectively in a large network. As the focus is to improve the average lifetime of
sensor network the cluster head is selected based on the battery life of nodes. The cross-layer operation model optimize the overheads
in multiple layer and ultimately the use of clustering will reduce the major overheads identified and their by the energy consumption
and throughput of wireless sensor network is improved. The proposed model operates on two layers of network ie., Network Layer
and Transport Layer and Clustering is applied in the network layer . The simulation result shows that the integration of two layers
reduces the energy consumption and increases the throughput of the wireless sensor networks.
An Improved Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks Through Clustering In C...Editor IJCATR
One of the major reason for performance degradation in Wireless sensor network is the overhead due to control packet and
packet delivery degradation. Clustering in cross layer network operation is an efficient way manage control packet overhead and which
ultimately improve the lifetime of a network. All these overheads are crucial in a scalable networks. But the clustering always suffer
from the cluster head failure which need to be solved effectively in a large network. As the focus is to improve the average lifetime of
sensor network the cluster head is selected based on the battery life of nodes. The cross-layer operation model optimize the overheads
in multiple layer and ultimately the use of clustering will reduce the major overheads identified and their by the energy consumption
and throughput of wireless sensor network is improved. The proposed model operates on two layers of network ie., Network Layer
and Transport Layer and Clustering is applied in the network layer . The simulation result shows that the integration of two layers
reduces the energy consumption and increases the throughput of the wireless sensor networks.
An Improved Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks Through Clustering In C...Editor IJCATR
One of the major reason for performance degradation in Wireless sensor network is the overhead due to control packet and packet delivery degradation. Clustering in cross layer network operation is an efficient way manage control packet overhead and which ultimately improve the lifetime of a network. All these overheads are crucial in a scalable networks. But the clustering always suffer from the cluster head failure which need to be solved effectively in a large network. As the focus is to improve the average lifetime of sensor network the cluster head is selected based on the battery life of nodes. The cross-layer operation model optimize the overheads in multiple layer and ultimately the use of clustering will reduce the major overheads identified and their by the energy consumption and throughput of wireless sensor network is improved. The proposed model operates on two layers of network ie., Network Layer and Transport Layer and Clustering is applied in the network layer . The simulation result shows that the integration of two layers reduces the energy consumption and increases the throughput of the wireless sensor networks.
An Improved Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks Through Clustering In C...Editor IJCATR
One of the major reason for performance degradation in Wireless sensor network is the overhead due to control packet and packet delivery degradation. Clustering in cross layer network operation is an efficient way manage control packet overhead and which ultimately improve the lifetime of a network. All these overheads are crucial in a scalable networks. But the clustering always suffer from the cluster head failure which need to be solved effectively in a large network. As the focus is to improve the average lifetime of sensor network the cluster head is selected based on the battery life of nodes. The cross-layer operation model optimize the overheads in multiple layer and ultimately the use of clustering will reduce the major overheads identified and their by the energy consumption and throughput of wireless sensor network is improved. The proposed model operates on two layers of network ie., Network Layer and Transport Layer and Clustering is applied in the network layer . The simulation result shows that the integration of two layers reduces the energy consumption and increases the throughput of the wireless sensor networks.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Assuring Contact Center Experiences for Your Customers With ThousandEyes
C046022025
1. G. Guru Charan et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
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Wireless Mesh Networks Path Planning, Power Control and
Optimal Solutions
G. Guru Charan1
, K. Yadaiah2
, G. Sailaja3
1
(Department of ECE, St. Martins Engineering College, R.R Dist, Hyderabad)
2
(Department of ECE, St. Martins Engineering College, R.R Dist, Hyderabad)
3
(Department of ECE, Chebrolu Engineering College, Guntur Dist, Guntur)
ABSTRACT
Wireless mesh networks are considerd as a potential attractive alternative to provide Broadband acces to users.
In this paper we address the following two questions: (i) Given a set of nodes with arbitrary locations, and a set
of data rows, what is the max-min achievable throughput? And (ii) How should the network be configured to
achieve the optimum? Given a set of nodes with arbitrary locations, and a set of data rows specified as source-
destination pairs, what is the maximum achievable throughput, under certain constraints on the radio parameters
in particular, on transmit power. How should the network be configured to achieve this maximum? Specifically,
by configuration, we mean the complete choice of the set of links (i.e., topology), the routes, link schedules, and
transmit powers and modulation schemes for each link.
Keywords- Greedy pricing, optimal solutions, Path planning, Power control, Throughput,
I. INTRODUCTION
Characterizing the capacity of a wireless network
has turned out to be a difficult problem of
communication over a wireless medium. Beginning
with wireless mesh networks a popular approach has
been to characterize the asymptotic scaling of
capacity in the number of nodes. By asking for
bounds only in an order sense, it has been possible to
derive the trend of capacity scaling, even in the
information theoretic sense. However, although the
knowledge of a capacity scaling law is quite valuable,
it lends no insights into actual numbers for network
capacity based on current technologies, or into the
impact of macroscopic parameters such as transmits
power budget and the availability of modulation
schemes, on the network capacity. There has also
been some work on optimally operating a wireless
network; for example, in a routing and power control
policy to stabilize the network is devised and in a
power transmission strategy to minimize the power
cost subject to average rate constraint is found.
Owing to their focus on the algorithmic perspective,
these works also do not shed any light into the
network capacity, and an optimal configuration of a
given wireless network to achieve it. This is the
problem we seek to address in this thesis.
1.2 Motivation
We consider the above questions from a
networking standpoint, and pose them as an
optimization problem to determine jointly optimal
row routes, link activation schedules and physical
layer parameters. We obtain some interesting insights
into the interplay of the achievable throughput,
routing and transmit power and modulation schemes.
Determining the achievable throughput is
computationally hard in general, however, using a
smart technique we obtain numerical results for
different scenarios of interest. We believe that our
optimization based framework can also be used as a
tool, for planning and capacity provisioning of
wireless networks.
II. WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS
In this work, our notion of the maximum
throughput is the max-min low rate, i.e., the
maximum of the minimum end to end row
throughputs that can be achieved in the network. This
is an appropriate notion of capacity from a
networking perspective since it may represent the
aggregate bandwidth demands of subscriber stations
in an IEEE 802.16-like access network, or the
sampling rate at which sensors produce information
about their environment, in a sensor network. We
assume point-to-point links which can operate in
accordance with their perceived signal-to-
interference-and-noise ratio (SINR). We also assume
that transmissions are co-ordinate (possibly, though
not necessarily, by a central controller) so as to be
conflict-free through activation schedules.
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. G. Guru Charan et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 2), June 2014, pp.20-25
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Fig 2.1. A WMN with uplink and downlink flows
Thus, our bounds reject the intrinsic limits posed
by the underlying conflict structure of parallel
transmissions, as dictated by the SINR calculations.
The second question we answer is the following.
We assume that the wireless nodes have an
arbitrary set of transmit power levels, and an arbitrary
set of modulation and coding strategies. All wireless
links are considered to be operated at some required
bit-error-rate (BER). A transmission on a wireless
link is said to succeed, if the SINR perceived by the
link remains greater than an SINR threshold which
depends on the transmit power, modulation and
coding, and the requisite BER. We show that this
requirement results into a conflict set for each
wireless link. For a given link, the corresponding
conflict set is a collection of subsets of links, such
that at least one link from each subset cannot be
activated simultaneously with the given link (in the
sense of satisfying the BER requirement).
To resolve Q1 and Q2 we take a constructive
approach, i.e., we explicitly construct a network that
has the maximum throughput. Since the problem is to
construct a throughput optimal network, the idea is to
pose it as a problem of optimal resource allocation
and routing on a .dummy network. Specified by the
complete graph on given wireless nodes.
We discuss two static optimization formulations
for this problem. They are complementary in the
sense that one throws light on the routing perspective
while the other on the scheduling perspective. It can
be shown that determining the maximum throughput
is a computationally hard problem in general.
However, using a smart enumerative technique, for
specific instances of the problem computations can
be greatly reduced. We provide results for different
scenarios of interest such as a sensor network on a
grid, and a mesh of nodes deployed in hexagonal
cells.
A static optimization setting similar to ours has
been discussed in [3], [4]. In [4], the authors focus on
a low SINR regime with the link capacities being
linear functions of the perceived SINR. In our work,
we consider modulation and coding schemes as
determining the link capacities, rather than
approximations of the Shannon capacity function. In
[3], the authors use a conflict graph formulation to
model the schedulability relationships between the
wireless links. Our results are based on a more
general conflict set formulation, and while they
certainly support those in [3], they further provide
important insights into the impact of macroscopic
parameters such as transmit power budget and
availability of modulation schemes, on the
throughput performance. Further, the upper bounds
on throughput derived in [3] are rather loose and
consider only the cliques formed by singleton conflict
set members. Under these assumptions, the problem
of resource allocation and routing can be cast simply
as an optimal routing problem. The idea is to replace
a link say, between nodes i and j, by multiple
.artificial links. Each one corresponding to one
combination of transmits power levels and
modulation coding schemes available at i . Thus,
optimal selection of power and modulation is
translated into optimal selection of links. Some basic
notation is in order. N denotes the number of given
static wireless nodes; their set is denoted by N. L
denotes the set of all possible links among these
nodes; L includes all artificial links as discussed
above. Cardinality of L is denoted by L. Links are
assumed to be directed; l 2 L is also represented as
(lo; ld), where lo and ld denote the originating and
the destination nodes resp. LOi (resp. LIi) denotes the
set of links outgoing from node i (resp. incoming to
i). Let Pl denote the transmission power on link l and
zl the corresponding modulation-coding scheme.
The characteristics of WMNs are explained as
follows:
Multi-hop wireless network. An objective to
develop WMNs is to extend the coverage range
of current wireless networks without sacrificing
the channel capacity. Another objective is to
provide non-line-of-sight (NLOS) connectivity
among the users without direct line-of-sight
(LOS) links. To meet these requirements, the
mesh-style multi-hopping is indispensable,
which achieves higher throughput without
sacrificing effective radio range via shorter link
distances, less interference between the nodes,
and more efficient frequency re-use.
Support for ad hoc networking, and capability of
self-forming, self-healing, and self-organization.
WMNs enhance network performance, because
of flexible network architecture, easy
deployment and configuration, fault tolerance,
and mesh connectivity, i.e., multipoint-to-
multipoint communications. Due to these
features, WMNs have low upfront investment
requirement, and the network can grow gradually
as needed.
Mobility dependence on the type of mesh nodes.
Mesh routers usually have minimal mobility,
while mesh clients can be stationary or mobile
nodes.
3. G. Guru Charan et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
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Multiple types of network access. In WMNs,
both backhaul access to the Internet and peer to
peer (P2P) communications are supported. In
addition, the integration of WMNs with other
wireless networks and providing services to end-
users of these networks
can be accomplished through WMNs.
Dependence of power-consumption constraints
on the type of mesh nodes. Mesh routers usually
do not have strict constraints on power
consumption. However, mesh clients may
require power efficient protocols. Mobility.
Since ad hoc networks provide routing using the
end-user devices, the network topology and
connectivity depend on the movement of users.
This imposes additional challenges on routing
protocols as well as on network configuration
and deployment.
2.2. Analysis on min-hop network:
Now let us look at Figure 3 and Figure 4 which
depicts the optimal routing under different choices of
transmits power and modulation and coding scheme.
The range of a sensor node in the configuration in
Figure 3 is 16 m which is twice the grid side, and in
Figure 4 it is 12:7 m which is more than the grid
diagonal. Note that in both the cases, the optimal
routes are not minimum hop, for all the nodes. Within
the region indicated by the dotted line in both the
figures, the nodes use minimum hop paths, although
in Figure 3 some sensors split their data along
multiple paths not all of which are minimum hop.
Also, observe that the nodes along the diagonal,
beyond the dotted line, route their data along the
periphery of the network. This is an illustration of
what may be termed interference-avoiding routing.
Fig 2.1 Mini-hop network
2.2.2 Analysis on multi-hop network:
Fig 2.2 Multi-hop network
This example is identical. However, there are
only two data rows (indicated as red-straight edges
and blue-curved edges). The red row originates at the
bottom left corner node, and is destined to the red
node adjacent to the top right corner. Likewise, for
the blue row.
The optimal routes which achieve the max-
min throughput for the two data rows are indicated by
the red and blue links in Figure 5. The dotted links
carry less than 15% of the total traffic, and more than
80% of the total traffic is carried along the periphery
over the solid links. In this case, the range of each
node is 11:3 m which is equal to the grid diagonal.
However, the routing uses only two diagonal links,
and is far from minimum hop. Although some data is
routed along common paths and links, the bulk of the
data is routed so that the rows .avoid each other.
2.3 The multi-hop advantage:
In a mesh network with diverging flows, the
maximum achievable throughput can be obtained by
using a much lower transmit power at the gateway
using multi hop communication than with single-hop
communication.
III. IMPLEMENTATION
The thesis model the network n of nodes (the
mesh routers and the gate way ) and a set l of directed
links with mod N=n and mod l=l each node has a
location (xi,yi) we denote by l the set of links
incident to a node i.a link il is identified not only by
its origin destination pair but also its physical
parameters which are defined .a f denotes set of flows
and let mod f=f a flow f is identified not only by its
origin destination pair (fs,fd) and has a rate lambda.
We present models for the scheduling, rate
adaptation, and power control problem whose
solution can be used to configure the network. Note
that, in all cases, we restrict ourselves to conflict-free
scheduling Each link is I belongs l identified by four
physical parameters O(l),d(l) the origin and the
destination nodes of l. a link is sometimes denoted (I
,j)when ever Pt: transmit power, Ct: the link rate per
second.
4. G. Guru Charan et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 2), June 2014, pp.20-25
www.ijera.com 23 | P a g e
3.1 Additive interference model:
It’s used to extends the physical interference
model.
The maximum throughput attained when
In this formulation, we have and. The
maximization is explicitly taken with respect to the
maximum flow and link load allocation We call this
problem JP-Primal. It is a standard but very large
linear program (LP) and its difficulty lies in the
computation of the incidence matrix which grows
exponentially with the problem size.
The maximum throughput is attained by
Perceptive behavior is a class of mechanisms that
empowers wireless devices to exchange information
during normal packet delivery and to coordinate and
communicate with other nearby devices, even though
some of these devices may be outside of direct
communication range.
3.2 Reactive routing:
We design, develop and test several components
of reactive routing in wireless multi-hop networks.
Our research leads to significant improvement and
has made deployment of ad hoc networks more
feasible. Our initial focus was development of an Ad
hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing
daemon. Our implementation is known as AODV-
UCSB. While developing the implementation, we
identified several ambiguities and errors in the
protocol specification. Our insight significantly
influenced the contents and structure of the AODV
Experimental RFC.
IV. TOOLS FOR EXACT SOLUTIONS
This means solving a very large LP with a
coefficient matrix that grows exponentially with the
size of the network. We now present two efficient
algorithms that solve JP exactly. we construct the
matrix using an efficient enumeration of the ISets.
4.1 Solution by the simplex algorithm:
We propose here an efficient algorithm that
constructs all possible ISets but no more. The
complexity of this method is only as opposed to in
[2], where is the maximum ISet size and typically .
We describe it using a recursive depth-first
algorithm, but we have also implemented an iterative
breadth-first version. While the recursive form is
simpler to program and is well suited for enumerating
all ISets, the iterative form is better suited for
enumerating only the maximal ISets. The algorithm is
based on the following proposition that is trivial to
prove.
Proposition 1:
If is an independent set, then any subset of is
also an independent set.
The algorithm builds ISets of increasing sizes
and stops when this is no longer possible. This is
done using an enumeration tree as follows. The root
node is at depth 0. A node at depth contains an ISet
of links and a list of links that are candidate for
addition to this ISet. We assume that is implemented
as an ordered data structure indexed by increasing
link number. Consequently, means that appears later
than in and returns the link whose index number is
the largest in .We define two functions. The first one
is prune , which returns a reduced candidate list of
links constructed as described in Fig. 1. The
condition on line 5 for adding a link to an ISet has
two parts. The first is used to avoid enumerating
ISets more than once, and the second tests the set
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against the appropriate interference model defined in
Section III-B.
The first condition is due to the fact that the ISets
are built in a precise order. At a given depth in the
tree, the tree nodes contain ISets of links and are built
left to right with the link numbers in an increasing
lexicographic order. Suppose that and that. Since
there is already a node to the left of the current node
containing the ISet , there is no need to add to .The
other function akeSons is a simple recursive
procedure that builds all the children of a node for a
given candidate list . It should be clear that a child of
is an ISet that differs from by one link. The set of
ISets is accumulated at each node until the whole
collection is built up. Finally, the algorithm is
initialized with the root node empty, and the first
candidate list is the set of all links.
4.2 Solution by column generation:
Even with the most efficient enumeration
technique, the approach of Section IV-A will
eventually become infeasible due to the large size of
set . On the other hand, we know that only a few
ISets will be active in the optimal solution by the
following proposition.
Proposition 2:
The number of nonzero elements of , i.e.,the
number of ISets that are effectively used, in a basic
solution of JP-Primal is at most . This follows
directly from Carathéodory’s theorem. This suggests
that we use column generation to solve the problem,
thus voiding the explicit generations of . If we write
the constraints in standard matrix form, the column
corresponding to constraints (4) and some variable
has the form . These are used for pricing the ISets as
follows.
1.3 Exact Pricing:
Column generation is basically the revised
simplex algorithm with a particular pricing
echnique. The technique uses only a subset of
columns , which is called the Restricted Master
Problem (RMP). At a given iteration, we have, for
the RMP, a basic feasible solution, and as well as the
current estimate of the dual variables , , and The first
step of the next simplex iteration is to price the
offbasis columns. The reduced cost of an off-basis
column is given by the standard formula since the
cost coefficient of the off-basis variable in the
objective function is zero. When the objective is to
maximize, the standard pivoting rule of the simplex is
to choose the column with the largest reduced cost.
The stopping rule is also simple: If there is no off-
basis column with a strictly positive reduced cost, the
current solution is optimal. This means that the
pricing requires the solution of the following
Maximum Weight ISet (MWIS) problem with as the
link weights subject to constraints (1) and (2). It can
be easily shown that it is an NP-hard problem. If we
want an optimal solution, we must make sure that
there is no off-basis column with a strictly positive
reduced cost at the last simplex iteration. This in turn
means that we have to solve the MWISpricing
subproblem to optimality. It will then become very
difficult to compute large networks by a
straightforward column-generation technique. This is
why we propose another method called greedy
pricing, which has been proven to be very fast at
delivering exact solutions.
1.4 Greedy Pricing:
We can reduce the amount of computation if we
use a greedy pricing rule at each iteration. This is
based on the fact that choosing any column with a
positive reduced cost may potentially produce a new
solution with a higher value of the objective. We can
also speed up the calculation by solving the pricing
subproblem over a set of links with positive reduced
costs only. The reason is that if there exists a solution
to the MWIS problem where some links with zero
reduced costs appear in the solution, then there is an
optimal solution made up of only the links with
strictly positive reduced costs. This follows from
Proposition 1.
The algorithm to find a new column for the RMP
with a positive reduced cost uses two functions,
denoted as greedy and enuoracle. They take a link set
as the input and return an ISet with a positive reduced
cost, if such a set exists, or an empty set. In a basic
implementation of greedy, the algorithm simply
orders the links in decreasing weights.
V. RESULTS
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VI. FUTURE SCOPE
Considering the scheduling routing and rate of
adaption maximum throughput is attained
considering out chip (channel) signals. The wireless
mesh networks of minimum interference and
maximum throughput is to be achieved .
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Author’s Profile
Mr. G. GURU CHARAN received
M.Tech (ECE) from JNTUH
Hyderabad, and B.Tech (ECE) from
JNTUH Hyderabad. He is working as
Assistant Professor in the Dept. of
Electronics and communication
Engineering, St.Martins Engineering College, R.R
Dist, AP and India. His area of research is Wireless
Communication & VLSI Technology. He has 4+
years of experience in teaching.
Mr. K.YADAIAH, pursuing PhD in
JNTUH under the guidance of Dr.
B.L. RAJU, Principal ACE
Engineering College. Post
Graduated in Electronics and
communication Engineering
(M.Tech) From JNTUCE, Kakinada in Nov-2003
and Graduated in ECE (B.Tech) from JNTU,
Hyderabad in 2001. He is working as An Associate
Professor and Head, Department of ECE in
St.Martins Engineering College, R.R Dist, AP and
India. He has 11+ years of Teaching Experience. His
Research area in Ph.D is Energy Efficient Routing in
MANETS & Wireless Sensor Networks.
Mr. G.SAILAJA received M.Tech
(Embedded systems) from JNTUK
Kakinada, and B.Tech (EIE) from
JNTUH Hyderabad. He is working as
Assistant Professor in the Dept. of
Electronics and communication
Engineering, Chebrolu Engineering College,
Guntur Dist, AP and India. His area of research is
Embedded Systems & VLSI Technology. He has
4+ years of experience in teaching.