Cancer PPT Presentation

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Introduction of cancer, Types of cancer, Causes of cancer, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment of cancer, Prevention of cancer, Conclusion of cancer

Faculty, Department Of __________
IUBAT - INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSI
TY OF BUSINESS
AGRICULTURE AND TECHNO
LOGY

Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells caused by multiple changes in gene expression leading to dysregulated balance of cell proliferation and cell death and ultimately evolving into a population of cells that can invade tissues and metastasize to distant sites, causing significant morbidity and, if untreated, death of the host. It is characterized by alterations in the expression of multiple genes, leading to dysregulation of the normal cellular program for cell division and cell differentiation. This results in an imbalance of cell replication and cell death that favours the growth of a tumour cell population. Tumour is an abnormal lump or growth of cells. When the cells in the tumour are normal, it is benign. If something goes wrong, and they overgrew and produced a lump, the cells are abnormal and can grow uncontrollably, they are cancerous cells, and the tumour is malignant. Benign tumour won't invade nearby tissues or spread to other areas of the body (metastasize). A benign tumour is less worrisome unless it is pressing on nearby tissues, nerves, or blood vessels and causing damage. Fibroids in the uterus or lipomas are examples of benign tumours. Malignant means that the tumour is made of cancer cells, and it can invade nearby tissues. Some cancer cells can move into the bloodstream or lymph nodes, where they can spread to other tissues within the body—this is called metastasis. Cancer can occur anywhere in the body including the breast, intestines, lungs, reproductive organs, blood, and skin. The occurrence of cancer varies in different organs (Fig: 01) Clinically, cancer appears to be many different diseases with different phenotypic characteristics. As cancerous growth progresses, genetic drift in the cell population produces cell heterogeneity in such characteristics as cell antigenicity, invasiveness, metastatic potential, rate of cell proliferation, differentiation state, and response to chemotherapeutic agents. At the molecular level, all cancers have several things in common, which suggests that the ultimate biochemical lesions leading to malignant transformation and progression can be produced by a common but not an identical pattern of alterations of gene readout. In general, malignant cancers cause significant morbidity and will be lethal to the host if not treated

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Angiosarcomas are rare and represent less than 2 percent of all sarcomas. The most frequently involved primary sites are heart, liver and breast with over 100 cases of each reported. Angiosarcomas of the lungs are usually metastasis. Differential diagnosis of vascular neoplasm metastatic to the lungs includes Kaposi sarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and angiosarcoma. Primary angiosarcoma of the lung is extremely rare and is usually diagnosed quite late due to low index of suspicion. Reported chest radiograph findings have ranged from normal to multiple nodular densities with or without pleural effusions to diffuse alveolar infiltrates compatible with pulmonary haemorrhage. Metastatic angiosarcoma lung lesions are commonly multiple. There have been reported as solid nodular or thin-walled cysts, with haemorrhagic change. The HPE was consistent with an epithelioid angiosarcoma and this was also supported by positive reaction for factor VIII-related antigen, CD34 and CD31, which are specific markers for tumours derived from the endothelium. Predisposing factors for angiosarcomas include polyvinyl chloride and thorium dioxide exposure, postmastectomy and postirradiation states (cutaneous angiosarcoma) and chronic empyema for pleural space angiosarcomas.

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