Cancer part 2
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This document is part 2 of a presentation series on cancer. It discusses colon cancer development, how mutations in growth regulatory genes and tumor suppressor genes can lead to cancer, and the activation of proto-oncogenes and oncogenes. Specifically, it outlines how normal colon cells can progress to early and intermediate stage adenomas and then carcinomas through a series of genetic mutations and changes, including the loss of APC, methylation, RAS mutations, and T53 loss and PRL3 overexpression.
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- Risk increases with age and is highest in African Americans and Jamaicans.
- Family history, genetics, inflammation, infections, hormones and lifestyle factors like smoking can increase risk.
- Precancerous conditions like proliferative inflammatory atrophy and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia are associated with increased risk of prostate cancer.
Carcinoma pancreas
1) The document discusses pancreatic neoplasms, including classification into exocrine and endocrine tumors.
2) It highlights adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, noting risk factors like smoking, chronic pancreatitis, genetics, and more.
3) Diagnosis involves imaging like CT/MRI, blood tests, and pathology examination of biopsies showing malignant cells and fibrosis.
Cancer epidemiology
Cancer is characterized by abnormal cell growth and the ability to invade other tissues. Global cancer incidence is estimated at 12.1 million new cases in 2007, with lung cancer the leading site. Cancer deaths were estimated at 7.6 million in 2007. In Pakistan, common cancers include blood, esophageal, oral, breast, colon and lung cancers. Cancer development occurs in phases from healthy cells to localized cancer to spread. Prevention, screening, early diagnosis, treatment and palliation are important for an integrated cancer control strategy. Lifestyle and environmental factors like diet, radiation, chemicals and viruses can cause cancer. Primary prevention focuses on public education and legislation while secondary prevention emphasizes early diagnosis through screening programs.
Colorectal carcinoma gist carcinoid tumour
audio enabled ppt on colorectal ca and associated disease.compatible on wps office on mobile and microsoft powerpoint on pc
Mariano Barbacid-El cáncer como consecuencia del envejecimiento
This document discusses five key developments in oncology since 2000:
1. The rise of targeted therapies that selectively inhibit molecular cancer drivers
2. Tumor stratification based on driver mutations and molecular profiles to select targeted treatments
3. Emergence of resistance to targeted therapies due to secondary mutations or activation of alternative pathways
4. Cancer genome sequencing revealing high mutation burdens and heterogeneity within tumors
5. Discovery of tumor heterogeneity with subclones evolving over time, challenging targeted treatment approaches
Malignant epthelial tumors of the lung
The document summarizes the anatomy and histology of the lungs and respiratory system. It describes the lobes and fissures of the right and left lungs. It then discusses the structure of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. It lists the different cell types found in the lungs. The document then summarizes the different types of lung cancers, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and others. It provides histological images and characteristics of each cancer type.
Neoplasia part 2nd protoncogens
- The document discusses proto-oncogenes and oncogenes, which are normal cellular genes that promote cell growth. When mutated or overexpressed, proto-oncogenes become oncogenes and drive uncontrolled cell proliferation.
- Several proto-oncogenes are mentioned, such as growth factors, growth factor receptors, signal transducers, and nuclear regulatory proteins. Common mutations and cancers associated with these genes are provided.
- Case studies are presented, asking the reader to identify diagnoses and genetic defects based on histopathology findings and patient presentation. These include lung adenocarcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Cancer part 2
- 1. PRESENTATION SERIES ON CANCER PART-2 SUBMITTED BY: ADITYA BHATT
- 2. CONTENT PRESENTED IN PART-1: INTRODUCTION . CANCER CELL PROPERTIES. CAUSES OF CANCER. FACTORS OF CANCER. CELL STRAIN AND CELL LINES. CANCER CELL GROWTH. GENES ASSOCIATED WITH CANCER.
- 3. CANCER PART-2 CONTENT: COLON CANCER DEVELOPMENT . MUTATION IN GROWTH REGULATORY GENE LEADS TO CANCER. MUTATION IN TUMOUR SUPRESSOR GENE LEADS TO CANCER. PROTO -ONCO GENES ACTIVATION. ONCOGENES ACTIVATION.
- 4. COLON CANCER DEVELOPMENT: Normal colon cell Increased cell growth Early stage adenoma Intermediate stage adenoma Carcinoma Metastatis APC loss Methyl loss RAS mutated T53 loss PRL3 overexpression
- 5. MUTATION IN GROWTH REGULATORY GENE:
- 6. MUTATION IN TUMOUR SUPRESSOR GENE:
- 7. MUTATION IN TUMOUR SUPRESSOR GENE:
- 10. REFERENCES: • Cell and molecular biology,4/e john willy and sons.
- 11. THANK YOU