This document summarizes cancer control policies and programs in India. It discusses that cancer is characterized by abnormal cell growth that can spread to other tissues. The main causes of cancer are environmental factors like tobacco, alcohol, diet, occupation, and viruses, as well as genetic factors. The main approaches for cancer control are primary prevention through reducing risk factors and secondary prevention including cancer screening and early detection. It then describes India's National Cancer Control Programme and National Cancer Registry Programme, which aim to prevent and detect cancer through public education, screening, and improving treatment facilities. Key existing schemes under NCCP provide funding for new and existing cancer centers, developing oncology wings, and district-level prevention and care programs.

1. AAMIR MOHSIN
(MASTER IN PUBLIC HEALTH)
DELHI PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY

2. POLICIES AND PROGRAME
USED IN CONTROL OF
CANCER
INTRODUCTION CANCER

3. CANCER
● Cancer may be regarded as a group of diseasescharacterized
by an (i) abnormal growth of cells (ii) ability toinvade
adjacent tissues and even distant organs, and (iii) theeventual
death of the affected patient if the tumour hasprogressed
beyond that stage when it can be successfullyremoved.
Cancer can occur at any site or tissue of the bodyand may
involve any type of cells.

4. Causes of cancer
●
1. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS:
● (a) TOBACCO
● (b) ALCOHOL
● (c) DIETARY FACTORS
● (d) OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES
● (e) VIRUSES
●
2. GENETIC FACTORS:
● Genetic influences have long been suspected. Forexample, retinoblastoma occurs in
children of the sameparent. Mongols are more likely to develop ·cancer(leukaemia) than
normal children. However, genetic factorsare less conspicuous and more difficult to
identify. There isprobably a complex interrelationship between hereditarysusceptibility
and environmental carcinogenic stimuli in thecausation of a number of cancers.

5. Cancer control
● The basic approach to the control of cancer is throughprimary and secondary
prevention. It is estimated that atleast one-third of all cancers are preventable .
●
1. PRIMARY PREVENTION:
(a) CONTROL OF TOBACCO AND ALCOHOLCONSUMPTION .
(b) PERSONAL HYGIENE.
(c) RADIATION
(d) OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES
(e) IMMUNIZATION
{g) AIR POLLUTION
(h) TREATMENT OF PRECANCEROUSLESIONS :
●
2. SECONDARY PREVENTION:
i) CANCER REGISTRATION(HOSPITAL BASED AND POPULATIN BASED)
ii) EARLY DETECTION OF CASES
iii) TREATMENT

6. PROGRAMMES USED IN
CONTROLS OF CANCER
●
National Cancer Control
Programme
● Cancer is an important public health problem with 8 to 9 lakh cases
occurring every year. At any point of time, it is estimated that there
are nearly 25 lakh cases in the country. Every year about 4 lakh
deaths occur due to cancer. 40% of the cancers in the country are
related to tobacco use. Data from population based registries under
the National Cancer Registry Programme indicate that the leading
sites of cancer among men are cancer of oral cavity, lungs,
oesophagus and stomach and among women are cancer of uterine
cervix, breast and oral cavity. Cancers namely those of oral and
lungs in males and cervix and breast in females account for over
50% of all cancer deaths in India.

7. National Cancer Registry
Programme (NCRP)
● For data base of cancer cases, National Cancer Registry
Programme (NCRP) was initiated in 1982 by ICMR, which gives a
picture of the magnitude and patterns of cancer. There are two
types of registries; Population Based Cancer Registry and Hospital
Based Cancer Registries, which was started in January 1982. The
Population-based registries take the sample population in a
geographically defined area while the Hospital-based registries
take the data from patients coming to a particular health institution.
At present we have 21 Population-based registries and 6 Hospital-
based registries all over the country. In 2001, data from all cancer
registries and all medical colleges were collated for the
“Development of an Atlas of Cancer in India” to have an idea of
patterns of cancers in several other parts of the country, including
those not covered under the NCRP.

8. GOALS & OBJECTIVES OF NCCP
● 1. Primary prevention of cancers by health education
specially regarding hazards of tobacco consumption and
necessity of genital hygiene for prevention of cervical cancer.
● 2. Secondary prevention i.e. early detection and diagnosis of
cancers, for example, cancer of cervix, breast and of the oro-
pharyngeal cancer by screening methods and patients’
education on self examination methods.
● 3. Strengthening of existing cancer treatment facilities, which
are woefully inadequate.
● 4. Palliative care in terminal stage of the cancer.

9. Evolution of NCCP
●
1975-76 National Cancer Control Programme was launched with
priorities given for equipping the premier cancer
hospital/institutions. Central assistance at the rate of Rs.2.50 lakhs
was given to each institution for purchase of cobalt machines.
1984-85 The strategy was revised and stress was laid on primary
prevention and early detection of cancer cases.
●
1990-91 District Cancer Control Programme was started in
selected districts (near the medical college hospitals).
●
2000-01 Modified District Cancer Control programme initiated.
●
2004 Evaluation of NCCP was done by National Institute
of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi. 2005 The programme
was further revised after evaluation

10. Existing Schemes under National
Cancer Control Programme (NCCP)
●
1. Recognition of New Regional Cancer Centres (RCCs): to enhance
the cancer treatment facilities across the country and reduce the geographical gap in the
country in the availability of cancer care facilities, New Regional Cancer centres are
being recognized. A one-time grant of Rs. 5.00 crores is being provided for New RCC’s.
●
2. Strengthening of existing Regional Cancer Centres: A one-time
grant of Rs.3.00 crores is provided to the existing Regional Cancer Centres to further
strengthen the cancer care services.
●
3. Development of Oncology Wing: Government Hospitals & Government
Medical Colleges are provided with a grant of Rs. 3.00 crores for the development of
Oncology Wing.
●
4. District Cancer Control Programme: The DCCP will be implemented by
a nodal agency, which may be a Regional Cancer Centre or Government Medical College
or Government Hospital with radiotherapy facility. A cluster of 2-3 districts are taken up
for prevention, early detection, minimal treatment and provision of supportive cancer care at
district levels. A grant-in-aid of Rs. 90.00 lakhs spread over a period of 5 years is provided per
DCCP proposal..
●
5. Decentralized NGO Scheme: A grant of Rs. 8000/- per camp will be provided to the
NGOs for IEC activities.The funds are released through a Nodal agency which could be a Regional

11. REFRENCES & CURRENT
SCENARIO
● K.PARK TEXT BOOK SCOCIAL AND PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE
● WEBSITE OF NCCP
●
CURRENT SCENARIO
● 2-2.5 MILLION CASES
● 7-9 LAKH NEW CASES ANUALLY
● 3 LAKH DEATHS ANUALLY
●
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