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Canada Wide Residential Stormwater Management Pond Sediment Chemistry Study - Applicability to Beneficial Use Evaluations in Ontario
- 1. GRCABurford Tree NurseryEastbridge SWM Pond, Waterloo Canada-wide Residential Stormwater Management Pond Sediment Chemistry Study Applicability to Beneficial Use Evaluations in Ontario Presented by Francine Kelly-Hooper, PhD Presented to Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 2014
- 2. City of Waterloo Sediment Disposal Example 3000 m3 = $375,000 landfill tipping fees for a small 0.5 ha pond $10,000,000 disposal fees projected over the next 10 years Is landfill disposal really the best option?
- 3. ONTARIO WATER RESOURCESACT Sewage Treatment Plants Stormwater ManagementFacilities Construction and/or retrofits of STPs and SWMFs require a Certificate of Approval for "Sewage Works" from the MOE under Section 53 of the Ontario Water ResourcesAct (OWRA).
- 4. Biosolids Utilization SWM Sediment Utilization or Disposal? STP Biosolids and SWMF Sediment Utilization/Disposal Approvals GUIDELINES FORTHE UTILIZATION BIOSOLIDS AND OTHERWASTES AGRICULTURAL LAND OF ON March 1996 Ministry of Environment Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs GUIDELINES FORTHE UTILIZATION BIOSOLIDS AND OTHERWASTES AGRICULTURAL LAND OF ON March 1996 Ministry of Environment Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Soil, GroundWaterand Sediment Standards forUse Under Part X.V.I of the Environmental Protection Act March 9, 2004
- 5. Soil Conditioner Landfill Disposal Utilization/Disposal Scenarios Sewage Sludge SWM Pond Sediment
- 6. Typical Ontario SWM Sediment Disposal Approach Question#1: Does the sediment pass O. Reg. 153/04 Table 1 (inert) soil standards? NO Question#2: Does the sediment pass O. Reg. 153/04 Table 2 (toxicity) soil standards and is there sufficient space for on-site spreading of the sediment? YES Spread on-site at no extra cost to municipality NO Conduct O. Reg. 347 leachate test to determine if sediment must be sent to a municipal or hazardous waste landfill facility. Represents significantfinancial losses due to landfill tipping fees. 2005-2013sediment analysis of 38 SWM ponds determined that mostsamples exceeded the Table 1 PAH standards
- 7. Alternatives to the landfill approach?
- 8. The State of Wisconsin Has a Dedicated SWMF Sediment Beneficial Use Certification Program Management of Accumulated Sediment from Storm Water Structures Publication WA 1375, Rev. 2009 “Ceiling” levels for toxic substances Beneficial use options • soil & compost amendments for landscaping and crop production • mine reclamation • geotechnical fill Minimum nutrient requirements
- 9. Would Ontario SWMF Sediment Typically Meet Beneficial Use Requirements?
- 11. Canadian Stormwater Pond & Wetland Sediment Chemistry Study Plant and Sediment Sampling Protocols KHE Standardized Sampling Protocols
- 12. 3 Plant Sample Bags 6 Capped Core Liners 2 field cloths Camera & field notes Ice Pacs Clear Plastic Liner for Practicing Sample Collection Floating Keychain & 10ft of safety rope attached to core sampler 3 Eggshell Catchers Core Sampler Extension Rod Wrench + Extra Nuts and Bolts for Extension Rod Sampling Kits Couriered to Participating Municipalities
- 13. Data Collections Sediment Depth Measurements Sediment Chemistry Sampling Plant Collections General Observations
- 14. Sediment Sample Analysis - C10-C34 hydrocarbons - polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) - trace metals - Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) - Total Organic Carbon (TOC) - Nutrients - Grain size
- 16. Results Supported Alternative Beneficial Use Approach
- 17. Results Supported Alternative Beneficial Use Approach • Toxic substances - All concentrations complied with Biosolids Guidelines for trace metals, dioxins and PCBs. • SAR - Average sodium adsorption ratios met Compost Standards • TOC & Grain Size - Typical SWM sediments had >3% total organic carbon content and >90% silt/clay content that would benefit highly inorganic sandy soils. • Nutrients - Typical phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and magnesium concentrations were however too low to provide nutrient value.
- 18. Standard O. Reg. 153 approach required landfill disposal for all SWMFs
- 19. Standard O. Reg. 153 approach required landfill disposal for all SWMFs • PAHs - All samples exceeded Table 1 • SAR – Most samples exceeded Table 1 • PHCs – Most samples exceeded Table 1
- 20. There is light at the end of the tunnel!
- 21. 2010 Water Environment Association of Ontario Biosolids Study PAHs, and particularly benzo(a)pyrene in land applied sewage sludges do not present significant human or environmental health risks. pg 128
- 22. O. Reg. Table 1 Standards are Based on 2009 Ontario Typical Range Soil Background Report PHCs
- 23. “Francine Kelly‐Hooper’s doctoral research concerns the sources of naturally occurring petroleum hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons that can often be found in soils. Ms. Kelly‐Hooper’s results will add depth to the OTR results produced in our study. The OTR Committee acknowledges the important work being done by Ms. Kelly‐Hooper and will look forward to the results.” 2009 Ontario Typical Range Soil Background Report – Reference to F. Kelly-Hooper PHC Research (pg 16)
- 24. What can municipalities do to reduce landfill costs due to high SAR? Road salt volume reductions
- 25. What can municipalities do to reduce landfill costs due to high PAH and PHCs? Ban on coal tar road sealants
- 26. Coal Tar Asphalt Sealants Are Important Sources of Elevated PAHs in SWMFs “Today, the Washington State Legislature enacted a first-in-the-nation ban on toxic coal tar sealants, a substance responsible for significant stormwater pollution and toxic contamination in lakes and waterways across the country.” (Washington Environmental Council, 2013) “The estimated contribution of Σ17PAH from coal tar sealants entering Toronto’s storm water runoff ranged from 8 – 22000 kg y-1 with a median and mean of 96 and 1400 kg y-1, respectively. The wide range estimated resulted from the wide range of PAH concentrations measured in coal tar sealant samples.” (Diamond Environmental Group, University of Toronto 2010)
- 27. 2010 Pilot Study: Utilizing Excavated Stormwater Pond Sediments as Eastbridge SWM Pond Burford Tree Nursery Grand River ConservationAuthorityCity of Waterloo Topsoil Amendments on Tree Nursery/Plantation Sites Photo Source: Grand River Conservation AuthorityPhoto Source: F. Kelly-Hooper
- 28. Pilot Study Objectives To evaluate Eastbridge SWM pond sediment quality for possible topsoil amendment utilization options versus landfill disposal requirements according to current Ontario legislation.
- 29. We Matched the Eastbridge SWMF Sediment to Burford Tree Nursery’s Soil Requirements
- 30. List of Sediment Analytes O. Reg. 153 Soil Standards, Biosolids and Compost Guideline Evaluations - Trace metals - PolychlorinatedBiphenyl (PCBs) - Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHCs) - PolycyclicAromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) - Grain Size (applicable to fine/course soil standards) Landscaping Soil Fertility Evaluation - Organic matter - pH - Available phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium - Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), conductivity, total salts - Cation exchange capacity - Grain Size (applicable soil type evaluation)
- 31. GRCA Burford Tree Nursery - Background 43 hectare nursery founded in 1984 Photo Source: Grand River Conservation Authority Nursery has produced over 3 million trees and shrubs, with an additional 200,000 produced each year. Nursery produces tree and shrub species native to the Grand River watershed to be used in GRCA, community group and private land reforestation projects.
- 32. Standard soil amendment rotates peat applications throughout the different fields. Some areas with sandy soils would currently benefit from topsoil amendments. $100 per 40 kg bag of peat GRCA Burford Tree Nursery - Soil Amendment Practices
- 33. Kelly Hooper Environmental Inc. Oct. 23, 2013 University of Waterloo Total Organic Carbon (TOC) & Grain Size Comparisons Silty Sandy Loam, 3% TOC SWM POND SEDIMENT Sand, 0.2% TOC TREE NURSERY SOIL Grain Size Analysis
- 34. The Eastbridge SWM pond sediment would benefit the Burford Tree Nursery soil structure and organic content = Pond Sediment Nursery Soil Benefit
- 35. The sediment was ultimately sent to landfill for the following reasons: Eastbridge Pilot Study Outcome? 1) Distance – The landfill tipping fees were less expensive than trucking the sediment from Waterloo to the Burford Tree Nursery site. 2) Time – The sediment removal schedule could not be delayed long enough for the pilot study approval process to reach completion.
- 36. 2014 Municipal Pilot Study SWM ponds that are already scheduled for routine sediment removal. CH2M Hill report will recommend whether the sediment should be used as a topsoil amendment material or sent to landfill. Beneficial use proposals will be submitted to the MOE Approvals Branch CH2M Hill report will determine if a match can be made between specific sediments and local tree nursery sites based on the Nutrient Management Act.