Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy located in North America, with Queen Elizabeth II as the head of state. It has ten provinces and three territories, with Ottawa as its capital city. Canada has two official languages - English and French - with French predominantly spoken in Quebec and parts of New Brunswick, while English is spoken elsewhere except Nunavut where Inuit languages are most common. Geographically, Canada has a mix of flat granite areas and mountainous regions in the west, with climate varying considerably from mild summers to long, cold winters, especially in the northern Arctic.