SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Can we play science?
Heuristic Strategies of
Science Research
João André Duarte
jduarte@museus.ul.pt
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Citizen Science
Project or Activity in which the public collects and/or analyses data to help
understand large scale research questions
Aims
Increase Scientific Knowledge
Gather meaningfull data for large-scale research questions
Increase Scientific literacy and develop problem-solving skills
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Citizen Science
Public Participation in Science Research
USA’ NSF – PPSR, 1992
Three categories:
Contributory projects
Collaborative projects
Co-created projects
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Citizen Science
Public Participation in Science Research
is growing
in numbers – “hundreds”
impact – published papers
methodology - Citizen Science Toolkit
(CAISE Inquiry Group Report, 2009)
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Web 2.0
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
The detour
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Experience
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Experience
John Dewey (1859 – 1952)
Instrumentalism
Uncertain agencies
Efficient instruments
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Experience
John Dewey (1859 – 1952)
Empirical Naturalism
“(…) experience, if scientific inquiry is justified, is no
infinitesimally thin layer or foreground of nature, but
that it penetrates into it, reaching down into its
depths, and in such a way that its grasp is capable of
expansion”.
(Dewey, 1958)
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Experience
John Dewey (1859 – 1952)
Empirical Naturalism
Is a Humanist Naturalism
Experience as the place ‘where paupers and
princes meet as equals’
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Experience
John Dewey (1859 – 1952)
Pragmatism
Negation modern dualism - separation
mind/physical -
Inferences – Practical consequences
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Solving Puzzles
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Solving Puzzles
to predict the structure of proteins with
human’s puzzle-solving intuitions
http://fold.it
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Abduction
Charles Sanders Peirce (1839 – 1914)
“Hypothesis is where we find some
very curious circumstance, which
would be explained by the supposition
that it was a case of a certain general
rule, and thereupon adopt that
supposition.”
(Charles S. Peirce CP 2.624, Deduction, Induction,
Hypothesis, 1878)
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Habit of mind
“That which determines us, from given premises, to draw one inference rather than
another, is some habit of mind, whether it be constitutional or acquired. The habit
is good or otherwise, according as it produces true conclusions from true premises
or not; and an inference is regarded as valid or not, without reference to the truth
or falsity of its conclusion specially, but according as the habit which determines it is
such as to produce true conclusions in general or not.”
(Charles S. Peirce, CP 5.367, The fixation of belief, 1877)
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Diagrammatic reasoning
“With the exception of knowledge, in the present instant, of the contents of
consciousness in that instant (the existence of which knowledge is open to doubt)
all our thought and knowledge is by signs. A sign therefore is an object which is in
relation to its object on the one hand and to an interpretant on the other, in such a
way as to bring the interpretant into a relation to the object, corresponding to its
own relation to the object. I might say 'similar to its own' for a correspondence
consists in a similarity; but perhaps correspondence is narrower.”
(Peirce, 8.332, 1904, Letter to Lady Welby))
Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
Conclusions
• Citizen Science experience is compatible with Pragmatist
heuristics;
• Is Citizen Science close to Dewey’s pedagogy and social project?
• Is Peirce’s ‘logic of signs’ becoming more relevant?
• Inclusion of this perspective in a wider media philosophy?

More Related Content

Similar to Can we play science heuristic strategies of science research jies 2013

Interpretive frameworks -spring13
Interpretive frameworks -spring13Interpretive frameworks -spring13
Interpretive frameworks -spring13
paul_ilsley
 
Science Essays
Science EssaysScience Essays
Defining sf
Defining sfDefining sf
The Place Of Utopia In Todays Science
The Place Of Utopia In Todays ScienceThe Place Of Utopia In Todays Science
The Place Of Utopia In Todays Science
Filipa M. Ribeiro
 
The Philosophy of Science
The Philosophy of ScienceThe Philosophy of Science
The Philosophy of Science
University of Hertfordshire
 
Terry Research Methodologies
Terry Research MethodologiesTerry Research Methodologies
Terry Research Methodologies
Goldsmiths design
 
M &Amp; M Scientific Method
M &Amp; M Scientific MethodM &Amp; M Scientific Method
M &Amp; M Scientific Method
Write My Paper Cheap Chillicothe
 
Sujay Certainty Uncertainty principle FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL (2).pdf
Sujay Certainty Uncertainty principle FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL (2).pdfSujay Certainty Uncertainty principle FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL (2).pdf
Sujay Certainty Uncertainty principle FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL (2).pdf
Sujay Rao Mandavilli
 
Sujay Certainty Uncertainty principle FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL.pdf
Sujay Certainty Uncertainty principle FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL.pdfSujay Certainty Uncertainty principle FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL.pdf
Sujay Certainty Uncertainty principle FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL.pdf
Sujay Rao Mandavilli
 
phil.mind
phil.mindphil.mind
Science and Objectivity
Science and ObjectivityScience and Objectivity
Science and Objectivity
Tyler York
 
The Normative Structure Of Science
The Normative Structure Of ScienceThe Normative Structure Of Science
The Normative Structure Of Science
Custom Papers Online Portland State University
 
Empiricism, Positivism and Post-Positivism In An Introduc
Empiricism, Positivism and Post-Positivism In An IntroducEmpiricism, Positivism and Post-Positivism In An Introduc
Empiricism, Positivism and Post-Positivism In An Introduc
TanaMaeskm
 
Essay About Science
Essay About ScienceEssay About Science
Advanced reserach method.pptx
Advanced reserach method.pptxAdvanced reserach method.pptx
Advanced reserach method.pptx
MeseretKebede10
 
Analytical Writing Sample #2
Analytical Writing Sample #2Analytical Writing Sample #2
Analytical Writing Sample #2
Alexander Moyer
 
What is the scientific method
What is the scientific methodWhat is the scientific method
What is the scientific method
Michael R. Büchler
 
The History Of Science In Science Education: Inquiring about Inquiry
The History Of Science In Science Education: Inquiring about InquiryThe History Of Science In Science Education: Inquiring about Inquiry
The History Of Science In Science Education: Inquiring about Inquiry
Jerrid Kruse
 
The Science of Religion
The Science of ReligionThe Science of Religion
The Science of Religion
Maya Bohnhoff
 
Theory presentation
Theory presentationTheory presentation
Theory presentation
crhildreth
 

Similar to Can we play science heuristic strategies of science research jies 2013 (20)

Interpretive frameworks -spring13
Interpretive frameworks -spring13Interpretive frameworks -spring13
Interpretive frameworks -spring13
 
Science Essays
Science EssaysScience Essays
Science Essays
 
Defining sf
Defining sfDefining sf
Defining sf
 
The Place Of Utopia In Todays Science
The Place Of Utopia In Todays ScienceThe Place Of Utopia In Todays Science
The Place Of Utopia In Todays Science
 
The Philosophy of Science
The Philosophy of ScienceThe Philosophy of Science
The Philosophy of Science
 
Terry Research Methodologies
Terry Research MethodologiesTerry Research Methodologies
Terry Research Methodologies
 
M &Amp; M Scientific Method
M &Amp; M Scientific MethodM &Amp; M Scientific Method
M &Amp; M Scientific Method
 
Sujay Certainty Uncertainty principle FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL (2).pdf
Sujay Certainty Uncertainty principle FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL (2).pdfSujay Certainty Uncertainty principle FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL (2).pdf
Sujay Certainty Uncertainty principle FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL (2).pdf
 
Sujay Certainty Uncertainty principle FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL.pdf
Sujay Certainty Uncertainty principle FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL.pdfSujay Certainty Uncertainty principle FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL.pdf
Sujay Certainty Uncertainty principle FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL.pdf
 
phil.mind
phil.mindphil.mind
phil.mind
 
Science and Objectivity
Science and ObjectivityScience and Objectivity
Science and Objectivity
 
The Normative Structure Of Science
The Normative Structure Of ScienceThe Normative Structure Of Science
The Normative Structure Of Science
 
Empiricism, Positivism and Post-Positivism In An Introduc
Empiricism, Positivism and Post-Positivism In An IntroducEmpiricism, Positivism and Post-Positivism In An Introduc
Empiricism, Positivism and Post-Positivism In An Introduc
 
Essay About Science
Essay About ScienceEssay About Science
Essay About Science
 
Advanced reserach method.pptx
Advanced reserach method.pptxAdvanced reserach method.pptx
Advanced reserach method.pptx
 
Analytical Writing Sample #2
Analytical Writing Sample #2Analytical Writing Sample #2
Analytical Writing Sample #2
 
What is the scientific method
What is the scientific methodWhat is the scientific method
What is the scientific method
 
The History Of Science In Science Education: Inquiring about Inquiry
The History Of Science In Science Education: Inquiring about InquiryThe History Of Science In Science Education: Inquiring about Inquiry
The History Of Science In Science Education: Inquiring about Inquiry
 
The Science of Religion
The Science of ReligionThe Science of Religion
The Science of Religion
 
Theory presentation
Theory presentationTheory presentation
Theory presentation
 

Recently uploaded

WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation TechniquesWeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
Postman
 
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StoryDriving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Safe Software
 
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 202420240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
Matthew Sinclair
 
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusBuilding Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Zilliz
 
Project Management Semester Long Project - Acuity
Project Management Semester Long Project - AcuityProject Management Semester Long Project - Acuity
Project Management Semester Long Project - Acuity
jpupo2018
 
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey
TrustArc
 
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...
名前 です男
 
Columbus Data & Analytics Wednesdays - June 2024
Columbus Data & Analytics Wednesdays - June 2024Columbus Data & Analytics Wednesdays - June 2024
Columbus Data & Analytics Wednesdays - June 2024
Jason Packer
 
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfUnlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Malak Abu Hammad
 
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesProgramming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Zilliz
 
Recommendation System using RAG Architecture
Recommendation System using RAG ArchitectureRecommendation System using RAG Architecture
Recommendation System using RAG Architecture
fredae14
 
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of GermanyPresentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
innovationoecd
 
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoption
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionSkybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoption
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoption
Tatiana Kojar
 
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceAI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
IndexBug
 
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - Authorization
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - AuthorizationOpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - Authorization
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - Authorization
David Brossard
 
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
Edge AI and Vision Alliance
 
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
Speck&Tech
 
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with SlackLet's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
shyamraj55
 
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...
Jeffrey Haguewood
 
June Patch Tuesday
June Patch TuesdayJune Patch Tuesday
June Patch Tuesday
Ivanti
 

Recently uploaded (20)

WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation TechniquesWeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
 
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StoryDriving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
 
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 202420240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
 
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusBuilding Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
 
Project Management Semester Long Project - Acuity
Project Management Semester Long Project - AcuityProject Management Semester Long Project - Acuity
Project Management Semester Long Project - Acuity
 
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey
 
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの?40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの?えこ...
 
Columbus Data & Analytics Wednesdays - June 2024
Columbus Data & Analytics Wednesdays - June 2024Columbus Data & Analytics Wednesdays - June 2024
Columbus Data & Analytics Wednesdays - June 2024
 
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfUnlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
 
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesProgramming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
 
Recommendation System using RAG Architecture
Recommendation System using RAG ArchitectureRecommendation System using RAG Architecture
Recommendation System using RAG Architecture
 
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of GermanyPresentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
 
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoption
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionSkybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoption
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoption
 
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceAI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial Intelligence
 
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - Authorization
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - AuthorizationOpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - Authorization
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - Authorization
 
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
 
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
 
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with SlackLet's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
 
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...
 
June Patch Tuesday
June Patch TuesdayJune Patch Tuesday
June Patch Tuesday
 

Can we play science heuristic strategies of science research jies 2013

  • 1. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research João André Duarte jduarte@museus.ul.pt
  • 2. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research Citizen Science Project or Activity in which the public collects and/or analyses data to help understand large scale research questions Aims Increase Scientific Knowledge Gather meaningfull data for large-scale research questions Increase Scientific literacy and develop problem-solving skills
  • 3. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research Citizen Science Public Participation in Science Research USA’ NSF – PPSR, 1992 Three categories: Contributory projects Collaborative projects Co-created projects
  • 4. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research Citizen Science Public Participation in Science Research is growing in numbers – “hundreds” impact – published papers methodology - Citizen Science Toolkit (CAISE Inquiry Group Report, 2009)
  • 5. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research Web 2.0
  • 6. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research The detour
  • 7. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research Experience
  • 8. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research Experience John Dewey (1859 – 1952) Instrumentalism Uncertain agencies Efficient instruments
  • 9. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research Experience John Dewey (1859 – 1952) Empirical Naturalism “(…) experience, if scientific inquiry is justified, is no infinitesimally thin layer or foreground of nature, but that it penetrates into it, reaching down into its depths, and in such a way that its grasp is capable of expansion”. (Dewey, 1958)
  • 10. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research Experience John Dewey (1859 – 1952) Empirical Naturalism Is a Humanist Naturalism Experience as the place ‘where paupers and princes meet as equals’
  • 11. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research Experience John Dewey (1859 – 1952) Pragmatism Negation modern dualism - separation mind/physical - Inferences – Practical consequences
  • 12. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research Solving Puzzles
  • 13. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research Solving Puzzles to predict the structure of proteins with human’s puzzle-solving intuitions http://fold.it
  • 14. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
  • 15. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
  • 16. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
  • 17. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research
  • 18. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research Abduction Charles Sanders Peirce (1839 – 1914) “Hypothesis is where we find some very curious circumstance, which would be explained by the supposition that it was a case of a certain general rule, and thereupon adopt that supposition.” (Charles S. Peirce CP 2.624, Deduction, Induction, Hypothesis, 1878)
  • 19. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research Habit of mind “That which determines us, from given premises, to draw one inference rather than another, is some habit of mind, whether it be constitutional or acquired. The habit is good or otherwise, according as it produces true conclusions from true premises or not; and an inference is regarded as valid or not, without reference to the truth or falsity of its conclusion specially, but according as the habit which determines it is such as to produce true conclusions in general or not.” (Charles S. Peirce, CP 5.367, The fixation of belief, 1877)
  • 20. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research Diagrammatic reasoning “With the exception of knowledge, in the present instant, of the contents of consciousness in that instant (the existence of which knowledge is open to doubt) all our thought and knowledge is by signs. A sign therefore is an object which is in relation to its object on the one hand and to an interpretant on the other, in such a way as to bring the interpretant into a relation to the object, corresponding to its own relation to the object. I might say 'similar to its own' for a correspondence consists in a similarity; but perhaps correspondence is narrower.” (Peirce, 8.332, 1904, Letter to Lady Welby))
  • 21. Can we play science? Heuristic Strategies of Science Research Conclusions • Citizen Science experience is compatible with Pragmatist heuristics; • Is Citizen Science close to Dewey’s pedagogy and social project? • Is Peirce’s ‘logic of signs’ becoming more relevant? • Inclusion of this perspective in a wider media philosophy?