Campaign for Reforms (1882-1892)

1. CHAPTER 9 -
THE CAMPAIGN
FOR REFORMS
(1882-
1892)

2. Reform Movement
-a movement brought by the
unjust execution of the three
Filipino priests, Mariano
Gomez, Jose Burgos and
Jacinto Zamora and the crave
of the middle classes for a

3. The Role of the Middle Class
Middle class – Spanish and Chinese mestizos and the
insulares
3 social classes of Spanish perod:
1. peninsulares – Spaniards born in spain
2. Insulares – Spaniards born in the Philippines
3. Indios – natives or indigenous people
*1869 -Gen. Carlos Maria de la Torre a very down
to earth person became governor who they saw as
an ally
*July 12, 1869 – they marched and serenade him
*1872-1882 – the Filipino inteligenstia (a segment of
middle class) took over the leadership from the
wealthy sector

4. The Nature of the Reform Movement
The movement has no clamor for
independence it only aims for the assimilation
of the Philippines to Spain (to make the
Philippines a province of Spain) so that the
Filipinos:
* would become Spanish citizens
*would be represented in the Spanish Cortes
to be able to participate in the making of laws
that may benefit the country.
And that goal has to be attained by peaceful
means—using the power of words.

5. The Great Reformist
 Graciano Lopez Jaena
Born in Jaro Ilo-ilo, on December 17,1856 son of Placido
Lopez and Maria Jacobo Jaena
Studied at Seminary of Jaro and Enrolled in medicine at
University of Valencia
Author of a Fray Botod – a tale that deals with the
ignorance, abuses and immorality of a certain friar named
Botod (the average friar of the period)
1880- he secretly left for Spain because he found himself
object to manhunt
*1882- he delivered a speech during the International
Congress of Industrial Geography in defense of the Filipinos
*February 15, 1889 became an Editor at the first circulation

6. Marcelo H. del Pilar
Born in Barrio Kupang, Bulakan, Bulakan on August
30, 1850 son of Julian H. Del Pilar and Blasa
Gatmaitan
*the political analyst of the Filipino colony in Spain
Studied at College of San Jose and at University of
Sto. Tomas where he finished his law course in 1880
*1880-he began to campaign at the plazas , cockpits,
and small tiendas preaching the gospel of work, self
respect and dignity
*1882 – founded Diariong Tagalog
*1888- he wrote the pamphlet "Kaiigat Kayo" in defense
of Rizal and his Noli Me Tangere which is then
attacked savagely by Fr. Rodriguez Pamphlet
``Caiingat Cayo” using the pen name Dolores Manapat.
He also wrote some parodies namely; “Dasalan at
Toksohan”, “Amain Namin” and the ten Commandments

7.  Jose Rizal
Born in Calamba Laguna on June 9 1861 to Francisco Mercado and
Teodora Alonzo.
Wrote the poem “Sa Aking Mga Kababata” at the age of eight
Enrolled at Ateneo Municipal and at a time at University of Sto. Tomas
1882- he left for Spain at the age of 21
Enrolled at medicine and gain knowledges on other curriculum and
mastered languages like French and German
He finished Noli Me Tangere at the age of 26 which gained popularity
but the Spanish authorities prohibited its reading
1889 - He publishes La Vision de Fr. Rodriguez , a satire in which he
exposed the ignorance of Fr. Jose Rodriguez who was then attacking his
novel by issuing the pamphlet “Caingat Cayo” which warned the Filipinos
against reading the Noli
1891-he finished El Filibusterismo
He returned to the Philippines in 1887 and in 1892 for the second time
July 7, 1892 – his banishment to Dapitan was announced officially

8. La Solidaridad
A news paper that rises as an answer to the needs of bringing to the
attention of the Peninsular Spaniards the so-called Philippine problem
*February 15, 1889 – the first number came out in Barcelona with
Lopez Jaena as Editor
*December 1889 – M. H. del Pilar took over the editorship
The aims of La Solidaridad
*During Jaenas editorship
To combat reaction, to stop all retrogressive steps, to extol and adopt
liberal ideas, to defend progress and to be a propagandist of
democratic ideas
*under Del Pilars editorship
the aims of the sol was expanded to include: the removal of the friars
and secularization, active participation in the affairs of government,
freedom of speech of the press and the assembly,a wider social and

9. The Hispano-Filipino Association
*January 12, 1889 An association composed of
Spaniards and Filipinos who favored in granting the
reform in the colony was inaugurated in Madrid.
Their campaigns resulted in the passage of law in the
Cortes which would have been of benefit to the Filipino
if it had been carried out
*1893 – the society secure the passage of Maura Law,
a law for the compulsory teaching of Spanish and
initiation of reforms in the judiciary
Pen names used by the reformist:
*Rizal- Dimas Alang and Laong Laan; Mariano
Ponce-tikbalang,Naning and Kalipulako; M.H. del
Pilar as Plaridel; Jose Ma. Panganiban as Jomapa
In its six years of existence the Sol represented
the ideals of the Filipino reformist group and
succeeded in exposing the evil in the Filipino
Society.

10. The Role of Freemasonry
*April 1 1889- G. Lopez Jaena established the Masonic
lodge revolucion in Barcelona
*1890- the lodgeLa Solidaridad was established in
Madrid
Pedro Serrano Laktaw and Antonio Luna established
Masonic Lodges in the Philippines:
*Nilad- was established on January 6, 1891
*Walana
And some other 33 lodges.
It became the focus of propaganda activities and
became responsible in the maintenance of unity it also
served as a pattern for the methods and organization

11. La Liga Filipina Founded By Rizal on July 3,
1892 at a house in Tondo.
It aims to unite the archipelago into one
compact, vigorous, and homogenous body;
for mutual protection of every want and
necessity,;defence against all violence and
injustice; encouragement of instruction,
agriculture and commerce; study and
application of reforms. All this aims are to
be carried out through the creation of
governing body composed of the Supreme