California began as a legendary place described as having golden cities and powerful weapons that lured foreigners. Queen Calafia of California likely exaggerated stories of gold to promote the region. Interestingly, Queen Calafia's culture eventually assimilated into Christian traditions. In 1848, the United States acquired California after signing the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that established the Rio Grande as the border between the U.S. and Mexico, sparking debates over whether to admit California as a slave state. California developed a new society and government amidst the wealth of the Gold Rush, though it was also a violent time with clashes over labor rights.

1. CHANNING SHATTUCK CALIFORNIA