1. The document discusses several environmental challenges facing California, including earthquakes caused by tectonic plates boundaries and the effects of climate change like drought and wildfires. 2. It provides information on major earthquake faults in California and how climate change is leading to more extreme weather. 3. The summary emphasizes that knowledge is key to safety and encourages assessing hazard risks, reducing carbon footprints, and taking mitigation and preparedness actions to safely adapt to disasters.

1. Home Sweet Home!…Feels like
home, looks like home … only a
little stuffier and wetter… Hmmm …
I wonder ???!!!
Geohazard #4 - FLOODING
FACTS - Global Warming’s Sea Level Rising & Potential Flooding
CAUSES - Glacier Melting caused by rapid increased global temperature
1. Carbon Footprint - increases in an unchecked way.
2. Advanced Hi-Tech Civilization - with accelerated growth of
Digital Age coincides with an advanced civilization growth.
3. Greenhouse Gases Effect - adds another factor to the Global
Warming equation.
EFFECTS - Flood as the potential result of an Earthquake Aftermath or
of Global Warming
1. Primary Hazards are immediate impacts triggered directly by Climate Change itself.
• Increased Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere causing heat trapped in the atmosphere.
2. Secondary Hazards are subsequent impacts triggered by a Primary Hazard.
• High Carbon Footprint causing Glacier Melting caused by Heat trapped in atmosphere
TAKE ACTION - Short-Term versus Long-Term
1. Assess Hazard Risks & its relevancy at my level for safeguarding purpose.
2. Reduce Carbon Footprint by practicing 5Rs & monitoring it to keep it in-checked
Geohazard #2 - SOIL LIQUEFACTION
FACT - Earthquake-Induced Soil Liquefaction & its Destructions
CAUSE - Liquefaction (It takes 3 to liquefied —Earthquake, Granular Sandy Soil, and Ground Water.)
Earthquakes on shifty granular soil saturated with water in shallow ground water.
1. Earthquake - of high magnitude with strong Ground Shaking
• Imperial Valley (1979) - Magnitude 6.5
• Loma Prieta (1989) - Magnitude 7.1
2. Granular Sandy Soil - loose & saturated with water
3. Ground Water - at shallow depth
EFFECT - Compressive shifty soil behaving like Heated
Boiling Liquid as the often-after-effect of a Major
Earthquake to Water-Saturated Soil Land.
1. Primary Hazards are immediate impacts triggered directly by
an Earthquake itself.
• Ground Shaking, Landslide, Liquefaction, and Earth’s Surface
Rupture
2. Secondary Hazards are subsequent impacts triggered by a
Primary Hazard.
• Liquefaction causing Sand Boil & Road Sinking caused by
destabilization of the Water-Saturated Sandy Soil Structure
TAKE ACTION - Short-Term versus Long-Term
1. Assess Hazard Risks & its relevancy at my level for safeguarding purpose.
2. Learn about California Earthquake Zoning Acts (1972 & 1990) and California
Building Code.
COASTAL TECTONIC PLATES BOUNDARIES
AND
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
ABOUT - California — still our Golden State despite Geologic & Natural Hazard Challenges
• California Bay Area in the Millennium — Geologic & Natural Hazards poster presents an infographic look at California’s most pressing Environmental Challenges as the
State seeks to assess its situation on the issues at hand in an effort of keeping Californians well informed & well prepared in order to cope & to adapt in facing potential disasters:
• California (1850)—the Golden State— is also known as Earthquake Country due to its coincidental Tectonic Plates Boundaries responsible for three major and a dozen lesser-
known Fault Lines which are regulated into the Alquist-Priolo Fault Zones as Study Zones as preventive preparedness measures.
• Earthquake Country seems to have its seismic challenge under control, then comes Global Climate Change disguised as a relentless Drought with Mega-Heat Waves making
headlines not only in the US but worldwide. As Californians began to take notice of a larger scope of the environmental problem they are now facing.
1. Environmental Challenge #1 - A Geologic Hazard Reality - Coastal Plates Boundaries leave havoc trails of Earthquakes.
As the Pacific Plate moves northwest at an average of a couple inches per year and the North American Plate moves
southeast about the same rate, scraping past one another at the Transform Plates Boundaries, Faults are created as the result
of the movement:
1. San Andreas Fault runs along California coastline from Northern to Southern.
2. Calaveras Fault runs in adjacent with San Andreas along the San Jose East Foothill.
3. Hayward Fault runs from Northern downward to join in at the San Andreas Peninsula Fault Line.
4. and many lesser-know Fault Lines (San Jacinto, Elsinore, and Garlock) of potentially damaging effect
2. Environmental Challenge #2 - A Natural Hazard Reality - Global Climate Change adds another
havoc trails of atmospheric events.
In most recent major headline news regarding the quake of Southern California Wildfires (December 2017) and California's
relentless Drought, remind us all of the imminent reality of Global Warming:
1. Relentless Drought (2000-Present) drying out Vegetation, Lakes, and Reservoirs
2. Sea Level Rising (1838-Present) contaminating Water Resources, flooding Rivers and Creeks
3. Mega-Storms causing numerous waterways flooding and overflowed & damaged Water Infrastructures.
4. Southern California Wildfires (December 2017) as consequential effects of Increased Temperature.
TAKE ACTION - Statewide, Regional, and Individual - The Power of Integrated Cooperation & Collaboration …
1. California in facing Geologic Hazard & Climate Change
1. California Earthquake Fault Zoning Regulations
(a) Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act (1972)—
(b) California Seismic Hazard Mapping Act (1990) - Article 10
(also known as California Code of Regulation)
2. California as Prepared Resilient Communities facing Geologic & Natural Disasters
(a) Hazards Mitigation (Retrofit Infrastructures such as freeways, highways)
(b) Adaptation Planning & Emergency Response (the Great ShakeOut Earthquake Drills,
Development Zone, and California Building Code)
2. Association of Bay Area (ABAG) with Geological Hazard Mapping Risks Assessments
1. From Major Active Fault Lines to other lesser-knowns of equal disastrous impact.
2. For all Earthquake-Related Hazards—-Shaking, Liquefaction, Landslide, Flooding, Climate Change.
3. Personal Disaster Adaptation Planning & Emergency Response
1. Secure appliances & furnitures, practice Fire Safety Drills & Inspections, promote Fire Building Proof
2. Reduce daily Water and Energy Usage (shorter shower, less watering, no wasted water; plan daily route,
utilized other transit means)
3. Review periodically proactive coping measures offered by official local government body (the Great
ShakeOut Earthquake Drills, Development Zone, and Building Code)
SUMMARY - “One World — Nurture Mother Earth for our Next Generations”
“—Knowledge is key to Safety —and— Practice makes Perfect.—”
As Bay Area Residents get ready with Hazard Risk Assessments to act on Mitigation Preparedness and to progress with Safety & Preventive Adaptation Plan:
1. Be Informed - Knowledge in the Digital Age is within reach at our fingertip.
1. Historic Earthquakes - Learning from the Past, Taking Action Now, Preventing Future Mishaps.
2. Historic Ice Ages - What a glacier tells in an ice core and now in floating icicles!
2. Take Action - Mitigation & Preparedness should be an integral part of our daily lives.
1. Assess Hazard Risks to prepare in the face of disaster with Safety Preparedness, Inspection, and Adaptation.
2. Reduce Carbon Footprint by practicing the 5Rs - Every Little Bit helps…just like how it started once up on a time.
REFERENCE
Geohazard #3 - CLIMATE CHANGE (Global Warming)
FACT - California Agriculture facing imminent Global Warming Challenge
CAUSE - Extreme Weather due to Greenhouse Effect trapping heat in atmosphere
1. High Carbon Footprint from Human Activities of an advanced civilization.
2. Lacking in Resources Management due to overwhelming available Resources.
EFFECT - Natural Disasters resulting in Social Unrest & Economic Losses
1. Extreme Climate (severe Drought and Mega-Storms) responsible for Crop Failures
— a potential reality for California Agriculture.
2. Sea Level Rising is caused by warmer global temperature due to glacier melting.
Consequently flooding is likely potential for coastal state such as California.
3. Damaging Natural and Agricultural Resources (from Water Sources to
Agricultural Land Soil) as the consequence of the progressing Global Warming.
4. Wildfires due to extremely dried vegetation caused by a 20-year relentless drought.
TAKE ACTION - Living Green — The Power of One & Counting …
Climate Change is an unchecked, uncontrolled result of Human Activities in the Digital Age.
“What has been done by us, can also be undone by us!” — Take Control by practicing 5Rs:
1. Recycle - sort my throw-away renewable goods more often …
• Separate renewable waste from organic waste.
2. Reuse - whenever possible!
• Buy reusable fabric or vinyl bags, …
3. Reduce - reduce usage of electricity, water, and fossil fuels, …
• Take shorter shower, turn off lights when not in use, maintain tire pressure, …
4. Repair - Do It Yourself (DIY) — be my own handy self!
• Fix leaking faucet, fix things around the house instead of buying replacement, …
5. Reform - rethinking for the long run in so many possible ways in our daily life.
• Buy local produce, plant trees, let nature do the work (solar & wind energies),
encourage sensible packaging by showing support for certain products, …
CALIFORNIA BAY AREA In The MILLENIUM
GEOLOGIC & NATURAL HAZARDS - Risk Assessment & Mitigation Preparedness GEOLOGY 010 - Physical Earth ScienceSAN JOSE CITY COLLEGE - Fall 2017
Myrna GilesLatani Medeiros Jacqueline ChauSamuel Mobin Najimi
The Great ShakeOut Earthquake Drills
https://www.shakeout.org California Resiliency Alliance
California Earthquake Map Collection Isoseismal Maps for Selected California Earthquakes
http://calpartnership.ning.com
Earthquakes - An Information Guide
http://earthquakeguide.weebly.com/primary-and-secondary-hazards.html
Quora - Advantages & Disadvantages of Greenhouse Gases & the Greenhouse Effect
https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-greenhouse-gases-
and-the-greenhouse-effect
Geohazard #1 - EARTHQUAKE (MMI VI / M 4.5)
FACT - California as Earthquake Country
CAUSE - Relentless Major Active Faults leave trails of devastating Earthquakes
1. San Andreas - a Transform Fault Line left its most disastrous centennial marks.
• San Francisco (1906) - Magnitude 7.8
• Loma Prieta (1989) - Magnitude 7.1
2. Hayward Fault - a Strike-Slip Fault Line
3. Calaveras Fault - a Strike-Slip Fault Line…
4. a dozen more with infrequent activities of potentially equal magnitude of destruction
• Northridge (1994) -Magnitude 6.7—on a Blind Thrust Fault
EFFECT - Earthquake Destructions (Building Structures & Transportation
Infrastructure Collapse, and Water & Sewage System Disruption)
1. Primary Hazards are immediate impacts triggered directly by an Earthquake itself.
• Ground Shaking, Landslide, Liquefaction, and Earth’s Surface Rupture
2. Secondary Hazards are subsequent impacts triggered by a Primary Hazard.
• Liquefaction causing Fire caused by Gas Leakage, Water Damage caused by broken
Water Main, Flooding or Tsunami caused by Subduction Zone Slippage
TAKE ACTION - Short-Term versus Long-Term
1. Earthquake Warning by monitoring Push-Pull & Shear (P-S) Seismic Waves
2. Earthquake Forecasting by studying Past Earthquake Patterns
Association of Bay Area (ABAG) Governments - Resilience Program
http://resilience.abag.ca.gov
ABAG - Resilience Program - Natural Hazard Risk Assessment
http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/wp-content/documents/ThePlan-C-2010.pdf#page=20
ABAG - Resilience Program - Personal Preparedness
http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/preparedness/
California Geological Survey (CGS) - Statewide Information on Earthquake Geologic Hazard
http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/earthquakes/Pages/index.aspx
USGS - Community Exposure to Tsunami Hazards in California
http://resilience.abag.ca.gov/wp-content/documents/
Community%20Exposure%20to%20Tsunami%20Hazards%20in%20California_USGS.pdf
Santa Clara County Close-Up— being on the Alquist-Priolo Fault Zones entwining
amongst three major active Fault Lines under the above Shaking Scenarios would
experience Shaking Severity of Strong(MMI 7) to Very Strong (MMI 8).
Ground Shaking Scenarios for Residential in North Valley, San Jose, California with
San Andreas (M 7.8) [~40 mi], Hayward (M 7.0) [~5 mi], and Calaveras (M 6.4) [~3 mi]
Santa Clara County Close-Up—with northwestern reaching into the Peninsula and lengthwise shearing by the San Andreas & the Hayward Fault Lines would experience
Shaking Severity of Strong(MMI 7) to Very Strong (MMI 8) with High Susceptibility of Liquefaction yet Very Few Landslides of Surficial Deposits.
ASSOCIATION of BAY AREA (ABAG) Earthquake & Earthquake-Related Hazard Scenarios Assessment —- SHAKING, LIQUEFACTION, and LANDSLIDE
SHAKING—Hazard Severity LIQUEFACTION—Susceptibility & Study Zone LANDSLIDE—Distribution & Study Zone .
Santa Clara County Close-Up— being next to the coastline with the San Andreas
Fault and other farther Fault Lines over the Pacific Ocean would observed the FEMA
Flood Zones of [mostly unaffected] Type X and D, and Type A [flooding of varying
degrees—A, A99, AE, AH, and AO] as Tsunami Wave Train is known to be far-
reaching into other coastlines.
Santa Clara
County under
these Ground
Shaking Scenarios
would experience
Strong -MMI 7 to
Very Strong -MMI
8 Intensity.
Professor Anthony Lenci
— Santa Clara County Close-Up—Liquefaction Susceptibility Scenarios for the
country—[Low to Very High], for Residential in North Valley, San Jose—[Low]
— Liquefaction in Action— The aftermath of the Imperial Valley Earthquake (1979)
and the Loma Prieta Earthquake (1989) leaving Sand Boils and Sinking Road
COASTAL TECTONIC PLATES BOUNDARIES
AND
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
COASTAL TECTONIC PLATES BOUNDARIES
AND
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
Mooooo…
Mooom … Methane—
a helpful Greenhouse
Gas???
By:
California Earthquakes - Result of accumulated Seismic Energy created by
movement of Oceanic-Continental Tectonic Plates at Transform Plate Boundaries
N NN
N
N N N N N
N N
N
California Close-Up—The Irony of (too much) Greenhouse Gases —- Droughts,
and more Droughts, consequentially Wildfires, then the Floods