A Study on Performance Analysis of Nestle India Limited with Specific Referen...paperpublications3
Abstract: “Finance is the blood of the organization” Finance is used by individuals (personal finance), by government (public finance), by business (corporate finance), as well as by a wide variety of organization including school and non-profit organizations. Finance is one of the most important aspects of business management. Financial management is two way process in which finances manager obtain funds and money at low cost and risk and use it in higher earning project at minimum risk.
Financial performance analysis is the process of identifying the financial strengths and weaknesses of the firm by properly establishing the relationship between the items of balance sheet and profit and loss account. It also helps in short-term and long term forecasting and growth.
This study has aimed in identifying the financial performance of Nestle India Limited through DuPont analysis using the three factors, viz., profit margin, asset turnover and financial leverage.
This study very clearly implies through DuPont analysis, the Nestle India Limited profit is fluctuating and was stagnant consecutively for three years.
Impact of the Presence of an Audit Committee on the Stock Market Performance ...iapgroup
The question of performance is located in the heart of the issue of the governance of the banks. The purpose of this issue is whether the governance mechanisms significantly explain the performance level. This paper aims to
study the impact of the presence of an audit committee on the stock market performance of Tunisian banks
A Study on Performance Analysis of Nestle India Limited with Specific Referen...paperpublications3
Abstract: “Finance is the blood of the organization” Finance is used by individuals (personal finance), by government (public finance), by business (corporate finance), as well as by a wide variety of organization including school and non-profit organizations. Finance is one of the most important aspects of business management. Financial management is two way process in which finances manager obtain funds and money at low cost and risk and use it in higher earning project at minimum risk.
Financial performance analysis is the process of identifying the financial strengths and weaknesses of the firm by properly establishing the relationship between the items of balance sheet and profit and loss account. It also helps in short-term and long term forecasting and growth.
This study has aimed in identifying the financial performance of Nestle India Limited through DuPont analysis using the three factors, viz., profit margin, asset turnover and financial leverage.
This study very clearly implies through DuPont analysis, the Nestle India Limited profit is fluctuating and was stagnant consecutively for three years.
Impact of the Presence of an Audit Committee on the Stock Market Performance ...iapgroup
The question of performance is located in the heart of the issue of the governance of the banks. The purpose of this issue is whether the governance mechanisms significantly explain the performance level. This paper aims to
study the impact of the presence of an audit committee on the stock market performance of Tunisian banks
A Summary of the Analysis of the Problems Existing in the Development of Asse...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Affected by the development level of the market economy and regional economic growth factors, the asset appraisal industry in the three major regions of China's east, middle and west has created regional gaps in the development process. Among them, the asset appraisal development problem in the western region is particularly prominent. Therefore, the development of asset appraisal in the western region has always been a hot topic in this field. This paper compares the economic development level of various regions and the development status of the asset appraisal industry, analyzes the problems encountered in the development of the asset appraisal industry in the western region, considers solutions to related problems, and further thinks about the future development direction of the asset appraisal industry and outlook.
Modern Approaches and Strategies for the Implementation of Innovative Process...ijtsrd
The article describes the modern approaches, strategies and the role of innovation in the development of innovation processes in industrial enterprises of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Dexkhanova Nargiza Sharifovna "Modern Approaches and Strategies for the Implementation of Innovative Processes in Industrial Enterprises on the Example of Uzbekistan" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Modern Trends in Scientific Research and Development, Case of Asia , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35882.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/35882/modern-approaches-and-strategies-for-the-implementation-of-innovative-processes-in-industrial-enterprises-on-the-example-of-uzbekistan/dexkhanova-nargiza-sharifovna
Socio Economic Stages and Development of Business Activityijtsrd
The article describes the stages of business development described by various scientists and the socio economic stages prepared based on the authors research. U. Djamalov "Socio-Economic Stages and Development of Business Activity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47604.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/market-economy/47604/socioeconomic-stages-and-development-of-business-activity/u-djamalov
A Summary of the Analysis of the Problems Existing in the Development of Asse...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Affected by the development level of the market economy and regional economic growth factors, the asset appraisal industry in the three major regions of China's east, middle and west has created regional gaps in the development process. Among them, the asset appraisal development problem in the western region is particularly prominent. Therefore, the development of asset appraisal in the western region has always been a hot topic in this field. This paper compares the economic development level of various regions and the development status of the asset appraisal industry, analyzes the problems encountered in the development of the asset appraisal industry in the western region, considers solutions to related problems, and further thinks about the future development direction of the asset appraisal industry and outlook.
Modern Approaches and Strategies for the Implementation of Innovative Process...ijtsrd
The article describes the modern approaches, strategies and the role of innovation in the development of innovation processes in industrial enterprises of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Dexkhanova Nargiza Sharifovna "Modern Approaches and Strategies for the Implementation of Innovative Processes in Industrial Enterprises on the Example of Uzbekistan" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Modern Trends in Scientific Research and Development, Case of Asia , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35882.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/35882/modern-approaches-and-strategies-for-the-implementation-of-innovative-processes-in-industrial-enterprises-on-the-example-of-uzbekistan/dexkhanova-nargiza-sharifovna
Socio Economic Stages and Development of Business Activityijtsrd
The article describes the stages of business development described by various scientists and the socio economic stages prepared based on the authors research. U. Djamalov "Socio-Economic Stages and Development of Business Activity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47604.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/market-economy/47604/socioeconomic-stages-and-development-of-business-activity/u-djamalov
This is to certify that the main project report entitled A Study on “FINANCIAL
ANALYSIS” with reference to NAGA HANUMAN SOLVENT OIL, PVT.LYD, BHIMADOL.”
submitted to Jawaharlal Nehru University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award
of the degree of Master of Business Administration (MBA), is a original work carried out by me
and that it has not been submitted to any other university/institute for the award of any degree or
diploma.
Abstract: A financial statement is the lifeblood of any business. People rely on these financial statements to know the condition, performance and ability to efficiently sustain past and future operations of a particular business. The above topic throws light on credentials of financial statement analysis in both theoretical and pragmatic ways. Through this I want to highlight the ways, methods and techniques to analyse the financial statements to determine the position of business, its profitability, future earnings, ability to pay interest, etc. in more detailed manner, which is helpful to extrapolate and forecast the future of a business concern.
Financial Accounting and Management accounting are the two branches of accounting.
Financial accounting stresses on giving true and a fair view of the financial position of the company to various parties.
On the contrary, management accounting aims at providing both qualitative and quantitative information to the managers, so as to assist them in decision making and thus maximizing the profit.
Financial Accounting is the branch of accounting which keeps track of all the financial information of the entity. Management Accounting is that branch of accounting which records and reports both the financial and nonfinancial information of an entity.
A Study on Ratio Analysis at Accord Puducherryijtsrd
The main aim of the study is to investigate the ratio analysis of ACCORD, Puducherry. The financial decision plays a vital role in improving the growth of any organization. The main goal of the accounting department in the firm is to measuring the performance of the organization to its profitability and also measuring the relationship between the net incomes to equity. The data in the present study is fully based on secondary data and it is collected from the past and present performance of ACCORD Puducherry providing financial assistant to entrepreneur. In order to analyze the financial performance of the organization, the ratio analysis, and trend analysis is used. The result clearly shows that there is high degree of current ratio between the net income and equity, and satisfactory level of trend analysis is high in the present year Pramodh. V | Abinayaselvan. V | Sindhuja. K "A Study on Ratio Analysis at Accord Puducherry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29172.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/29172/a-study-on-ratio-analysis-at-accord-puducherry/pramodh-v
Financial Statements :Nature, uses and limitations. Analysis and interpretations – meaning, procedure, objectives, and importance. Comparative statement, Common Size Statements and Trend Analysis - practical problems. Comparative financial statements are prepared by arranging financial data of two or more financial years in two side by side column.
Any financial statement that reports and comparison of data of two or more consecutive accounting periods are known as comparative financial statements.
Income statement or profit and loss account.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
1. American Research Journal of Humanities Social Science (ARJHSS)R) 2021
ARJHSS Journal www.arjhss.com Page | 14
American Research Journal of Humanities Social Science (ARJHSS)
E-ISSN:2378-702X
Volume-4, Issue-02, pp-14-23
www.arjhss.com
Research Paper Open Access
Organizational Revenue Management In Russian Company: LLC
“Quarterly”
Hartomy Akbar Basory1
, Nanda Wibitama2
, Refly Setiawan3
, Adib Fahad4
1
Master Student of General and Strategic Management, Kazan Federal University, Russia
2
Bachelor Student of Financial management, Kazan Federal University, Russia
3
Master Student of Political Science, Kazan Federal University, Russia
4
Bachelor Student of Business Statisticand Economic, Kazan National Research Technological University – Kazan
Chemistry TechnologyInstitute, Russia
ABSTRACT: In modern economic conditions, the activities of each economic entity are of concern to various actors
in market relations who are interested in the results of their functions. The aim of this research is to study the
theoretical and methodological aspects of the analysis of organizational income, expenditure and finances as well as
their practical application in the analysis of a limited liability company / LLC "Quarterly". This study uses a
quantitative analysis method with an analysis approach to factors of income, expenditure and financial results.
Research subjects in work are the theory and methodology of income, expenditure and financial problems of
production and economic activities of companies. The object of this research is the economic analysis of income,
expenses and financial results from the activities of a LLC "Quarterly.” In the journal of this article, legislative acts
of the Russian Federation, decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation, orders of the Ministry of Finance
of the Russian Federation are used as a regulatory framework. The results of this study are ways to improve the
management of LLC "Quarterly", if the gross revenue volume calculated based on the need for profit is below the
organization's ability.
Keywords- Organizational revenue management, expenditure, Financial problems, Russian Federation,
Organization's ability
I. INTRODUCTION
Environment, namely trade The concept of the category "income" has been studied for centuries. Thus, in
the late 15th century, mercantilists were looking for ways to increase the circulation of income. Russian scientists at
that time, especially A. Ordin-Nashokin and Y. Cheryanets, studied the income from the manufacturing sector. They
think that industrial workers have become the main source of income [1]. Fiocrates, in turn, believed that peasants
and landowners were a product class, whereas carpenters were called the "sterile" class. However, they
acknowledged that the craftsmen had income, so they had to pay taxes [2].
These economic trends provide the basis for further research on the essence of income. So, William Petty, founder
of the classical school of political economy, identified the country's income and wealth with labor. The British
economist Adam Smith identified 3 types of income [3]:
a) Wages - workers' income;
b) Profit - the share of value created by workers;
c) Lease.
Jean-Baptiste, in the concept of value, considers entrepreneurial income (from the sale of goods) and
interest as a source of profit. Over time, research on the essence of income has deepened further. The 20th century
economist Böhm-Bawerk argued that income is the result of the owner taking into account the value of the factors of
production in the process of price of production. Wages of workers are based on a reduction in the value of the
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products they produce. Based on the description above, it can be concluded that "the income of a company is the
receipt of economic benefits, either in the form of money or property, which causes an increase in assets or a
decrease in company liabilities, except for owner contributions for a certain period of time [4].
Theoretical and methodological aspects of organizational revenue management
Important characteristics of organizational revenue management
Productive income is a prerequisite for the activities of a trading company, because it is a source of
development, generating profits, and financial costs for this period and meeting tax obligations. Profit income
indicates a demand for the product [5]. Income is the basis for financing the activity itself, but as long as the amount
is sufficient to cover costs and liabilities, as well as the formation of net income. Thus, increasing the company's
profit can improve its financial position. It is also important to identify the main factors on which the revenue
management system rests [6]:
- Sales price;
- Volume of products sold;
- The number of production equipment issued for the production of goods.
In general, the company's revenue management mechanism is shown in Figure 1. Monitoring the implementation of
the income plan consists of comparing the actual results achieved with the revenue, with the expected results. There
are ways that can be applied to increase income, namely [7]:
- The pricing method;
- The price planning methods;
- Group optimization method;
- Group quota method.
Earning analysis for the previous period is very important for the company, because it needs to see
benchmarks for the further development of its activities. After analyzing, it is necessary to find ways to increase the
company's income. To do this, the company needs to determine the factors that most influence income and whether
they can be determined [8]. When all possible ways to increase income emerge, start planning for your annual
income. The plan is then broken down into blocks with the aim of being better controlled throughout the year and
giving an appropriate time to set if necessary [9]. Monitoring the implementation of the income plan consists of
comparing the actual results achieved with the revenue, with the expected results [10].
- The Pricing method is based on the fact that the firm analyzes competitors' pricing policies and charges lower
prices than competitors. The high price method is to charge a higher price. However, the pricing method is limited
in time.
- The Price Planning method offers the same product at different prices to different groups of customers.
- The Group Quota method consists of organizing a collection of products or services that can be sold or provided
at a certain price.
- The Group Optimization method should be understood as determining the amount of revenue required for the
proper functioning of the company.
At the final stage of the work of the revenue management mechanism, the divisions of the company
concerned compile reports of actual revenue received, compare this indicator with planned values and provide this
information to management. Thus, the revenue management mechanism has begun to function again.
Information Base and Income Analysis Methods
Organizational financial results
The effectiveness of the analysis of the financial results of the company's activities is very dependent on
information and methodological support. Information support for analysis and decision making regarding financial
results, which is shaped by information sources, external and internal. External sources include indicators that
characterize [11]:
a. General economic development of the country. This group indicator system becomes the basis for analyzing and
predicting the state of the external environment;
b. Market conditions. Systemic group indicators are needed to asses, analyze and make decisions in the field of
expenditure policy;
c. Activities of competitors and employers. This group indicator system is used for the operational and regulatory
analysis of certain aspects of profit formation and use.
Internal sources include [12]:
a. Financial accounting indicators of the company. Based on these indicators, an analysis is made of current,
forecast and planned benefits.
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b. Management accounting indicators, which form the information basis of operational management decisions.
The composition, content, requirements and basic methods of other financial statements are governed by the
Accounting Regulations "Accounting Organization" (PBU / Положения по бухгалтерскому учету / Accounting
Regulations 499), approved by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated June 6, 1999.
According to PBU 4 / 99, “Organizational accounting statements,” accounting reports consist of balance sheets,
income statements, additional notes and explanations, and audited reports about the accounting status of the
organization, if checked in accordance with Federal law [13].
The main sources of information for the analysis of financial results are accounting data and accounting (financial)
reports. From the form of financial statements, the most complete information for analyzing the financial results of
an organization contains the following forms[14]:
- Form 1 "Balance Sheet", where in part III of the liabilities there is an indicator of fixed income or find the ratio of
the missing and previous periods;
- Form 2 "Income Statement". This form is an accounting (financial) accounting report, which describes the
financial results of the organization for the period under review. The purpose of the income statement and
description is to provide information to external users [15]:
a. On organizational results;
b. About the source of profit (cause of loss.)
In accordance with this research when writing the work, the following theoretical and methodological literature and
applied works of domestic authors are used: IA Blank, Yu.A. Babaev, MA Vakhrushina, LV Dontsova.
In the course of his work, various methods of economic analysis are used, such as horizontal analysis (time), vertical
analysis (structural), factor analysis, coefficient analysis methods; various qualitative methods of economic analysis:
comparative methods, grouping methods, etc.
II. METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYZING THE INCOME AND FINANCIAL RESULTS OF
AN ORGANIZATION
The preliminary data for writing work was borrowed from the LLC "Quarterly" accounting (financial)
reports for 2007 and 2008, namely from Form No. 1 "Balance Sheet" and Form No. 2 "Income Statement." Work
volume and structure. The final qualification work consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a
bibliography used, including sources, contains tables and diagrams in the text, has applications. The total number of
jobs is pages [17;20].
The comparison of methods of economic analysis, which consists in comparing data and facts of economic
life. There are 3 main types of comparative analysis [18;19]:
1. horizontal analysis (dynamics, time) - is used to determine the deviation of the absolute and relative from the
current level of the basic learning indicator (norm, previous period, norm, etc.). This analysis is applied by the
formula:
Δx = x1 - x0, (1.3.1)
where ∆x is the absolute change (deviation) of the value of the corresponding indicator;
x1 is the value of the corresponding type of indicator in the reporting period;
x0 - the average baseline indicator for the same period (baseline).
(1.3.2)
2. Analysis of vertical (structural phenomena) - is used to study the structure of economic phenomena by calculating
the weight of individual parts (individually) in the resulting indicator (as a whole), which allows each position of the
ratio to the aggregate and assessing these changes by the formula[21]:
(1.3.3)
where D is the proportion of the indicator component in its total value;
xi is the value of the indicator component;
X is the total value of the indicator.
3. Trend analysis is used to study the growth rates and the indicator of relative growth over several years at the base
year level, that is, when studying the dynamics of the series.
A prerequisite for comparative analysis is comparable compared indicators, which assumes [22;25]:
- the unity of cost, quality, structural indicators;
- the unity of the time periods for which the comparison is made;
- comparability of production conditions;
- comparability of the methodology for calculating indicators.
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It is advisable to start the analysis of income and expenses by comparing the data of the time report with previous
data for all data of income of form 2: income from sales of goods, products, work, percent of income of other
organizations. As a result of such a comparison, it is possible to identify an increase in income and the reasons for
their decrease or increase [23].
Vertical analysis of the company's income required for the impact of factors on their preparation. Analysis of the
structure of income shows which types of activities generate the most income [24].
Analysis and Assessment of the Organization's Revenue Management
A brief description of the organization
Full name of this company - Security Regulations for Limited Liability Company (LLC) Quarterly / Pora.
The abbreviated company name is PTB Opora LLC. Legal, company postal address: zip code 603002, Nizhny
Novgorod region, Nizhny Novgorod, st. Litvinova., Building 74, building 31, room 41/4. State registration number
and date: INN 781612161, OGRN 11678472432. Limited Liability Company PTB Opora is a transportation
subdivision of the Security Service that has passed special accreditation and provides protection services for
infrastructure facilities for the construction of railways, roads, land transportation, metro and roads from
distraction.All PTB Opora LLC employees are certified employees, for example, they have been tested for
compliance with the employee's knowledge, skills and abilities as well as the personal (psycho-psychological)
category and level of physical training of individual employees with the requirements of the legislation of the
Russian Federation on transportation safety [26].
To ensure the safety of transportation and infrastructure, a division of Security Service officers will be
transferred, including the person responsible for ensuring transportation security in the form of transportation
infrastructure [27]. In accordance with Federal Law no. 16 "About Transportation Security", only accredited
transportation officials can be involved in protecting infrastructure facilities from unlawful interference. Only
accredited transport personnel may be involved. Limited Liability Company PTB Opora is a transportation
subdivision of the Security Service that has passed special accreditation and provides services for the protection of
infrastructure for the construction of railways, roads, land transportation, metro and roads from disturbances.
The company's business activities and all related matters will be decided by the general manager. The activities and
reporting of accounting and company statistics are carried out in accordance with the current legislation of the
Russian Federation. Under the guidance of a production manager, senior accountant, consultant accountant. The
company structure and spare parts have also been approved. The objectives of the accounting department as a
financial service: the most efficient use of all types of resources and profits, control over the use of working capital
and loans. Based on these main objectives, the company's accounting department performs the following tasks [28]:
-Implementation of company policies in the financial sector;
-Analysis of the Company's financial and economic conditions;
-Managing working capital, accounts payable and receivable;
The functions of LLC PTB Opora's accounting services:
- Toestablish complete and reliable information about the company's business processes and financial results;
-Control over the availability and movement of property, use of labor, material, financial resources;
-Implementing (together with other services) an economic analysis of financial and economic activities based on
accounting and reporting data to identify resource mobilization in agriculture.
PTB "Opora" LLC works independently in accordance with current legislation, receiving team procedures and
working day schedules, form and system of remuneration, determined by the limits of competence and responsibility
of officers, the amount of remuneration.
III. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Analysis Horizontal-vertical analysis of company income and financial results
However, revenue-speaking, the service producer should offer a wider availability of access to its own direct
customers in order to reduce the volume of commissions and distributor fees. The integration of customer behaviour
and preferences into marketing and pricing strategies appears to be a major future trend. This research will perform a
structural-dynamic (vertical-horizontal) analysis of PTB Opora LLC's income and expenses. We will take data for
analysis from the company's accounting (financial) reports for 2019, namely from Form No. 2 "Income Statement".
Analysis of PTB Opora LLC's income information for the period 2017 to 2019 was carried out according to table 1.
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Table 1 - Indicators of income composition, structure and dynamics
Indicators Income composition, thousand
rubles
Income structure,%
2017 2018 2019 2019 2018 2017
Revenue – total 50 110 311,254 100.00 100.00 100.00
Revenue (net) from sales of goods, products
(work, services)
Выручка (нетто) от продажи товаров,
Продукции
00 0 0 310,360 99.71 0 0
Interestcharges
Проценты к получению
0 60 844 0.27 54.55 0
Income from participation in other organizations
Доходы от участия в других организациях
0 0 0 0 0.00 0
Other income
Прочие доходы
50 50 50 0.02 45.45 100
Source: PTB Opora LLC Balance Sheet 2017-2019
The data shows a positive trend in people's income. In 2019, total income increased by 311,144 thousand rubles.
This increase was mainly due to an increase in revenue (net) from the sale of goods, products (jobs, services) in
2019 by 310,360 thousand rubles. compared to 2018 which reached 100%. Very insignificant (insignificant)
increase in income for this period amounted to 784 thousand rubles. occurs because of an increase in income in the
form of interest receivables. The largest part of the company's total revenue is the result (net) of the sale of goods,
products (jobs, services). In 2018 the share was 0%, and in 2019 it was 99.71%. All other income items from LLC
PTB Opora make up less than 5% of its total value. For a more visual reflection of the revenue structure for the
period 2017 to 2019, we will present it in diagrammatic form (Figure 2).
Note :
Выручка от продажи товаров.= proceeds from the sale of goods.
Проценты к получению. = interestreceivable.
Доходыотучастиявдругихорганизациях.= income from participation in other organizations.
Прочие доходы. = Other income.
Figure 2. PTB Opora LLC revenue structure diagram for the period 2017-2019
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Table 2. Dynamics of the main types of benefits. Source: PTB Opora LLC Balance Sheet 2017-2019
No Indicator 2019 2018 2017
1 Gross profit 107,193 0 0
2 Profit (loss) from sales 35,909 -458 187
3 Profit (loss) before tax 32,777 -558 -189
4 Net profit of the reporting period. 25,451 -559 -189
Initial data for the analysis of the company's financial results are also contained in form No. 2 “Profit and
Loss Statement” (Appendix E). The dynamics of the main types of profit are presented in Analytic Table 2. PTB
Opora LLC in the 2017 to 2019 period, there is a positive trend in the main financial results (profit). The value of all
types of profit in 2019 increased compared to 2017 and 2018. Revenue from the sale of goods, products (jobs,
services) in 2019 increased by 310,360 thousand rubles; gross profit - 3,5451 thousand rubles; profit from sales -
35,451 thousand rubles; profit (loss) before tax - 32,219 thousand rubles. and net income increased by 24,892
thousand rubles.
In order to analyze the composition and dynamics of financial results, we present all the preliminary data
contained in the income statement in a summary analytical, in which the organizational indicators are grouped.
Based on the data presented in this table, an evaluation of the composition, structure and dynamics of all elements of
the formation of the final financial results of PTB Opora LLC will be conducted.
Property Potential Analysis
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LLC PTB Opora's financial position idea provides a brief financial and economic analysis of the most
important indicators based on the data presented in financial (accounting) reports. Balance sheet liquidity analysis
consists of comparing funds for an asset, which are grouped by decreasing liquidity level, with short-term liabilities
for liabilities, which are grouped according to the urgency of their payments:
A1 - the most liquid assets: short-term financial investments and cash;
A2 - assets that can be realized quickly: accounts receivable, payment expected in 12 months.
A3 - slow moving assets: items from part II of balance sheet assets, including inventories, value added tax on
valuables acquired, VAT on valuables acquired, receivables, expected payments more than 12 months after the
reporting date and other non-current assets;
A4 - assets that are hard to sell, item in part I of balance sheet assets.
Liabilities of companies are also divided into 4 groups:
P1 - urgent liabilities: accounts payable;
P2 - term obligations term short-: short-loan funds, arrears by participants in income payments, other short-term
liabilities;
P3 - long-term liabilities: balance sheet items related to parts IV and V, eg. loans and long-term loans, as well as
deferred income, reserves for future expenses and payments.
P4 - permanent (stable) liability: item in Part III of balance sheet liabilities. PTB Opora LLC asset and liability ratio
data is presented in table 2.1.
Table 2.1. Classification of assets, liabilities according to the liquidity level of PTB Opora LLC in 2017-2019
GroupAsset Total Group
Liabilities
Total
2017 2018 2019 2017 2018 2019
A1 3 26 30,679 P1 75 80 140,084
A2 11 27,438 62,853 P2 205 28,262 49,508
A3 19 22 77,891 P3 0 0 0
A4 0 0 27,765 P4 -247 -856 9,596
Based on the data presented in table 2.1, we will examine the liquidity of the company's balance sheets for the
period 2017 to 2019. Balances are considered to be truly liquid if the following imbalances are observed:
A1 <P1; A2> P2; A3> PZ; A4 <P4,
For 2017 A1 <P1; A2 <P2; A3> P3; A4> P4, so that the PTB Opora LLC balance sheet at the beginning of 2017
cannot be said to be truly liquid.
For 2018 A1 <P1; A2 <P2; A3> P3; A4> P4, then PTB Opora LLC's balance sheet for this period also cannot be
said to be truly liquid.
For 2019 A1 <P1; A2> P2; A3> P3; A4> P4, so the balance for 2019 is not completely liquid.
Let's create a comparative analytical balance sheet for PTB Opora LLC, which will allow us to assess the
potential property of PTB Opora LLC for the period under review in a relative and relative manner (Table 2.3.2).
The share of short-term liabilities in total liabilities for 2019 decreased by 7.8% compared to the share in 20018 (103
in 2018 and 95.2% at the end of 2008). The share of long-term liabilities in total does not change the PTB Opora
LLC's balance sheet liabilities insignificant: at the end of 2017 - 0%, and at the end of 2018 - 0%.The one indicator
that characterizes a company's financial position is its solvency - the ability to repay its payment obligations in cash
on time. The solvency assessment of an LLC PTB Opora can be made based on the characteristics of balance sheet
liquidity - the company's ability to convert assets into cash and repay its payment obligations with it.
Improvement of the company's revenue management system
The effective management of an organization in a market economy depends on the completeness and
quality of planning and management. This income can be obtained from data which is the source of goods for the
previous period for sale. For forecasting purposes, this information should be used for the organization as a whole
and in the context of dividing the product groups you name for each product type. The results showed that analysis
as a methodology for capturing and planning the activities of public catering organizations is practically the same.
PTB Opora LLC imports all the elements that should be included, removed from (opinion) and objective (economic
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and mathematical calculations). It should be noted that these activities must be combined with long, medium and
long-term debt payments.
The findings revealed that the company’s revenue managers and key account managers had different sets of criteria,
which they used to identify the profile of a key account. Generally, accounting research has examined the use of
management accountingpractices, that is, practices that support internal decision-making, in the context oflarge
businesses. This is a process by an organization which determines what it desires to look like or achieve at the end
of a specified time period. Preparation of PTB Opora LLC gross income forecast data must pay attention to the
maximum and minimum indicator limits. The technology for calculating the approximate number of PTB Opora
LLC trading houses must include three stages, namely:
- The first stage is to determine the amount of income required to leave the organization and supervise the
implementation of industrial and social organization and profit owner programs. According to the current procedure,
the most significant are the company's costs for the actual account needs of specialist funds, which are carried out
after the disposal of net profit (profit calculation)):
Fixed capital growth financing (development based on materials and technology));
To finance the growth of your working (financial) capital, including those that invest in capital);
- The second stage, it is necessary to calculate the potential required to generate profits, taking into account the
volume of the business plan. This requires gross revenue and cost of sales, which allows you to decide to use the
available data for a certain period of time based on previous data, as well as being auctioned off by accounting
experts and best of all can do anything. This calculation should include an examination of the results obtained by
comparing them to the price of the goods sold, in various ways (based on the way people buy, the amount of
resources requested, etc. Name of the translator).
- The third stage, after adjusting the gross profit, to make the structure according to the demand, all economic
indicators and financial indicators of the organization are calculated (software size and structure, implementation
costs, financial planning, number of employees, etc.). We will then produce a rough estimate of your 2020 gross
revenue using the trending system.
IV. CONCLUSION
Management of company revenue must be state in nature. A well-defined tax policy is needed, and taxes
must be clear and stable. It is the stability that will cause an increase in the company's profit (revenue). Therefore,
the tax policy needs to be improved, because the current taxation system does not fulfill its main objective. It is
unstable and very complex. This research has shown that in recent years there has been the introduction of taxes on
cost prices, wholesale prices and the profit of a service unit.
In order to improve the economic revenue management mechanism it is proposed to develop measures to
ensure: Strict compliance with the agreed contracts for the supply of products. It is very important to attract the
company's interest in the production of the prestigious and most needed product for the market.
- Implementation of large-scale and effective policies in the field of personnel training which is a special form of
investment.
- Increase company efficiency for service sales. First of all, more attention needs to be paid to increasing the speed
of movement of working capital, reducing all types of stock, in order to achieve the fastest progress from finished
products from producers to consumers.
- Reducing non-production costs and losses.
- Introduction to operational cost accounting practices for the production of services.
- Application of the most modern mechanical and automatic tools for solving income analysis problems.
- To make a shift in emphasis in revenue management to corporate revenue management.
Income is the final financial result that characterizes the production and economic activity of all enterprises, which
is the basis for the company's economic development. Income growth creates a financial basis for self-financing
enterprises, carrying out expanded reproduction. Because of this, some of the obligations of the budget, banks and
other companies were met. It can be concluded that the achievement of high corporate results involves management
of the process of formation, distribution and utilization of revenue. Management includes revenue analysis, its
planning and a constant search for improvements. When studying the dynamics of income, the inflation factor must
take into account changes in their amount. To do this, the results are adjusted for a weighted average index of the
increase in the average price of the firm's products in the industry, and the cost of products sold is reduced by their
growth as a result of the increase in the price of the resource consumed for the period analyzed. In analyzing the
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revenue structure for the reporting period, it is necessary to analyze the proportions of each component. A high
proportion of income from product sales is considered positive.
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