This document summarizes a control system lab experiment conducted by a student. The experiment involved developing multiple actuator circuits to control coordinated motion. The student's name, class, department, and academic year are provided. The document then discusses various methods for designing multi-cylinder pneumatic circuits and sequencing cylinder movement using sensors and limit switches. Common valve types like AND, OR, and solenoid valves are also described along with their functions.

1. Control System Lab
Mhammad Jawhar Anwar
-
Student Name :
A
-
Stage
Fourth
-
Class :
ordinated
-
Co
Development of multiple actuator circuits in
-
:
Name Experiment
motion
2
-
Number exp:
t
. Dep
s
echatronic
M
&
al
echanic
M
-
Department :
College of Engineering
Erbil
–
Salahaddin University
2
202
–
21
Academic Year 20

2. Multi Actuator Circuit
practical pneumatic circuits use multi cylinders.
Multi Actuator Circuit Most of the
They are operated in specific sequence to carry out the desired task. For example, to
drill a wooden component first we need to clamp and then drill. We can only
ll is withdrawn away from the workspace.
unclamp the cylinder, if and only if the dri
Here sequencing of movement of clamp cylinders and cylinder which carries the drill
is important. This sequencing is carried out by actuation of appropriate final control
position of the cylinders is sensed by the
valves like directional control valves. The
sensors like limit switches, roller or cam operated valves.
Multi cylinder pneumatics circuits can be designed in various methods. There is no
ome methods are
universal circuit design method that suits all types of circuits. S
commonly used for compound circuits but would be too expensive for simple
circuits. There are five common methods used by engineering and they are given
below :
Classic method
Cascade method
counter method
-
Step
Veitch Maps)
-
Karnaugb
Logic Design method (with
Combinational circuit design

3. Coordination Motion & Sequence Control
In majority of the pneumatic applications more than one cylinder is used. The
coordinated as per the required sequence. Sensors
are
movement of these cylinders
are used for confirming the cylinder position and the resultant actuation of the final
control element. Normally limit switches are used. The activation of limit switches of
e set or reset signal to the final control valves for
different cylinders will provid
further controlling the movement of various cylinders. The limit switches have to be
.
arranged in the proper location with the help of motion diagram
Motion Diagram/Step Displacement Diagram
• In order to develop control circuitry for multi cylinder applications, it is necessary
to draw the motion diagram to understand the sequence of actuation of various signal
.
limit switches and sensors
-
input switches
whether extended or
-
cylinder position
• Motion diagram represents status of
.
retracted in a particular step

4. valves stop the flow of blood. These valves are located in the
The
AND VALVE
way inlets of blood on one side of a
-
lower chambers of the heart. They act as one
.
way outlets of blood on the other side of a ventricle
-
ventricle and one
off one or the other of the inlet ports. There is a
Its purpose is to seal
OR VALVE
shuttle seat at each inlet port. When a shuttle valve is in the normal operating
position, fluid has a free flow from the normal system inlet port, through the valve,
.
and out through the outlet port
When you place more than one control in the same place, one will end up
:
Over lap
.
on top, and the other will end up underneath
Solution for over lap we use timer, or condition valve

5. Compressor
Air
for increasing the pressure of a gas by mechanically decreasing its
device
volume. Air is the most frequently compressed gas but natural gas,
oxygen, nitrogen, and other industrially important gases are also
positive
compressed. The three general types of compressors are
displacement, centrifugal, and axial. Positive displacement compressors
are usually of the reciprocating piston type, in which the gas is drawn in
during the suction stroke of the piston, compressed by decreasing the
he piston in the opposite direction, and,
volume of the gas by moving t
lastly, discharged when the gas pressure exceeds the pressure acting on the
outlet valve. Reciprocating compressors are useful for supplying small
.
amounts of a gas at relatively high pressures
pressed air control valve actuators is that they are the
My definition of com
devices that operate an air valve and the person that actuates the air valve
.
using the valve actuator is the operator
Not everyone uses this same valve terminology as a norm, so when you are
talking to other folks about compressed air components, in particular air
valves, make sure they define their terms to help you better understand,
and for your mutual understanding.
So, the operator is the person that moves the valve lever, pushes the valve
button or flicks the switch to actuate the valve. An operator will actuate the
.
valve using the valve actuators

6. The Emergency Shutdown Valve
ESDV acts as a safeguard against exceeding setpoint pressure. During
normal operation, the valve remains open for an extended period of time,
months or sometimes even years
.
The ESDV must function as called upon during an emergency and manage
n. In the event that the setpoint is exceeded or power or signal
the situatio
.
are lost, the valve will close within one second to isolate the flow
Normal Operation
–
Full Open Position
The ESDV provides minimal pressure differential when the valve is in full
position. The full bore ball valve virtually acts as a pipe, decreasing
open
process fluid turbulence
.
Emergency Situation
–
Full Closed Position
Setpoint pressure has been exceeded and the ESDV has fully closed,
.
eated design
s
-
tight shutoff with its double
-
providing bubble

7. egulator
R
The power of regulators to grant significant benefits to, or impose
and the extra profits to
–
restrictions or penalties on, members of the public
increases the risks of corruption.
–
be gained from avoiding regulations
also have a role in collecting and protecting government
Regulators
.
revenue
How do regulators work?
Pressure regulators reduce a supply (or inlet) pressure to a lower outlet
pressure and work to maintain this outlet pressure despite fluctuations in
pressure. The reduction of the inlet pressure to a lower outlet
the inlet
.
pressure is the key characteristic of pressure regulators

8. ?
How does a distributor valve work
Distributor valve is the most important functional component of the air
brake system and is also sometimes referred to as the heart. The function
of the distributor valve is to distribute compressed air received from brake
.
ontrol reservoire air brake system
pipe to auxiliary reservoir and c
Actuators
receive a source of energy and use it to move something. To put it another
mechanical
-
way, the actuator converts a source of energy into a physical
.
motion

9. Handwheel connected to the
A butterfly valve is operated by turning the
rotary actuator. In industrial applications, the Handwheel could be
replaced by one of three typical sources of energy, which can operate the
:
rotary actuator
r.
Electric actuators use some form of electric energy to operate
-
.
raulic actuators use a variety of liquids as a source of energy
Hyd
-
.
Pneumatic actuators are operated by compressed air
-
neumatic Solenoid Valve Types
P
Several type of pneumatic solenoid valve is available. The valve function
application. The most common valve functions in
is always depends on the
:
pneumatic systems are the followings
5
/
2
stable
-
mono
5
/
2
stable
-
bi
5
/
3
closed center
5
/
3
exhaust center
5
/
3
pressure center
3
/
2
stable
-
bi
3
/
2
normally open (NO
)
3
/
2
normally closed (NC
)
2
/
2
normally open (NO
)
2
/
2
normally closed (NC
)