This document describes an emergency braking system that uses pneumatic components. The system includes a pneumatic cylinder, emergency button, solenoid valve, and flow control valve. When the emergency button is pressed, it activates the solenoid valve allowing compressed air to pass through and push the pneumatic cylinder, applying the brakes. A flow control valve is used to control the braking speed. The document discusses the key pneumatic components used in the system like single-acting and double-acting cylinders, solenoid valves, and their working mechanisms. It also mentions some merits like lower cost and reduced skill needs, and demerits like requiring a separate air tank.

2. “EMERGENCY BRAKING SYSTEM” is nothing but one of the
breaking system in automobile at the time of emergency. In
this breaking system pneumatically operated one. Here the
additional pneumatic cylinder and Emergency Button is
provided in the automobile itself.
In this project, the push button is used to
activated/deactivate the solenoid valve. The switch is ‘ON’
at the time of emergency; the solenoid valve is activated, so
that the compressed goes to the pneumatic cylinder. Then
the compressed air passes through the tube, and then pushes
the pneumatic cylinder, so that the braking is applied at the
time of button in “ON” position (i.e.- Emergency time).
The Speed of the pneumatic cylinder is varied by
using flow control valve. This is the way of controlling
braking speed of the vehicle at the time of emergency. In our
project, we have to apply this braking system in one wheel
as a model.

3. EQUIPMENTS
PNEUMATIC CONTROL COMPONENT
1. Pneumatic Cylinder:
An air cylinder is an operative device in which the state input energy of
compressed air i.e. pneumatic power is converted into mechanical Output power,
by reducing the pressure of the air to that of the atmosphere.
1.1 Single Acting Cylinder:
Single acting cylinder is only capable of performing an operating medium
in only one direction. Single acting cylinders equipped with one inlet for the
operating air pressure, can be production in several fundamentally different
designs. Single cylinders Develop power in one direction only.
1.2 Double Acting Cylinders:
A double acting cylinder is employed in control systems with the full
pneumatic cushioning and it is essential when the cylinder itself is required to
retard heavy messes. This can only be done at the end positions of the piston
stroke. In all intermediate position a separate extremely mounted cushioning
derive most be provided with the damping feature.

4. 2. VALVES:
2.1 Solenoid Valve : The directional valve is one of the
important parts of a pneumatic system. Commonly known as
DCV; this valve is used to control the direction of air flow in
the pneumatic system. The directional valve does this by
changing the position of its internal movable parts.
This valves was selected for speedy operation and to
reduce the manual effort and also for the modification of the
machine into automatic machine by means of using a
solenoid valve.
A solenoid is an electrical device that converts
electrical energy into straight line motion and force. These
are also used to operate a mechanical operation which in
turn operates the valve mechanism. Solenoid is one is which
the plunger is pulled when the solenoid is energized.
The name of the parts of the solenoid should be
learned so that they can be recognized when called upon to
make repairs, to do service work or to install them

5. Parts of Solenoid Valve:
1. Coil
2. Frame
3. Solenoid Plunger

6. WORKING OF SOLENOID VALVE:
The solenoid valve has 5 openings. These ensure easy exhausting of 5/4Valve.the
spool of the 5/4 valve slide inside the main bore according to spool position: the
ports get connected and disconnected.
SOLINOID VALVE (OR) CUT OFF VALVE:
The control valve is used to control the flow direction is called cut off valve or
solenoid valve. This solenoid cutoff valve is controlled by the electronic control
unit.
In our project separate solenoid valve is used for flow direction of vice cylinder.
It is used to flow the air from compressor to the single acting cylinder
FLOW CONTROL VALVE:
In any fluid power circuit, flow control valve is used to control the speed of
actuator. The flow control can be achieved by varying the area of flow through
which the air in passing.
When area is increased, more quantity of air will be sent to actuator as a result
its speed will increase. If the quantity of air entering into the actuator is
reduced, the speed of the actuator is reduced

7. PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE:
The main function of the pressure control valve is to
limit (or) Control the pressure required in a pneumatic
circuit. Depending upon the method of controlling they are
classified as
1. Pressure relief valve
2. Pressure reducing valve
• CONTROL UNIT
• WHEEL
• PISTON

8. PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS
The pneumatic auto feed drilling machine consists of the
following components to full fill the requirements of complete
operation of the machine.
1. Double acting pneumatic cylinder
2. Solenoid valve
3.Control unit
4.Piston
4.Wheel
5.Pneumatic valve

10. MERITS AND DEMERITS
MERITS
Brake cost will be less.
Free from wear adjustment.
Less power consumption
Less skill technicians is sufficient to operate.
Installation is simplified very much.
DISADVANTAGES
Need separate air tank
This system applied in the case of emergency period only.
Addition cost is required to install this system to four wheeler.
APPLICATION OF EMERGENCY BRAKING SYSTEM
 For Automobile Application
 Industrial Application