This document analyzes very fast transient overvoltages (VFTOs) in transformers in 400kV gas insulated substations (GIS) using wavelet transforms. It presents a model of a three-phase, two-winding transformer designed in MATLAB Simulink to simulate VFTOs generated by circuit breaker operations under open and closing conditions. Wavelet transform analysis is applied to the results to investigate suppression of overvoltage magnitudes and resonant frequency amplitudes. The analysis shows the proposed technique provides high accuracy in mitigating VFTOs using wavelet transforms.
Power Quality Identification Using Wavelet Transform: A Reviewpaperpublications3
Abstract: In this paper we used wavelet transform which is useful in signal processing. Wavelet transform is used for analyze different power quality events. The power quality events like pure sine voltage wave, voltage sag, swell, harmonics, impulse can obtained using wavelet transform. The wavelet algorithm is a useful tool for signal processing. Fourier transform is also used for denoising but limited to stationary signals .For continuous analysis of non-stationary signals wavelet transform is used. The presence of noise can be detected by wavelet methods and analyze the noisy signal. The noisy signal can be denoised using wavelet transform.
Labview based rf characterization and testing of dual mode phase shiftereSAT Journals
Abstract R.F. characterization of C-band dual mode ferrite phase shifter cannot be done manually due to enormous and huge amount of data. So this paper provides the solution in term of automated procedure for testing of C-band DMPS in LabVIEW(Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) software. Dual mode phase shifter is currently being used in phased array Radar and WLR (Weapon Locating Radar). The DMPS is in production to realize the exorbitant demand of these radars. The desirable characteristic of phase shifter for phased array radar as differential phase shift, insertion loss, return loss, Hi-low phase difference, insertion phase, Rx-Tx phase can be measured with high accuracy. The output can be presented in any desirable form such as concluded summary form, graphical form and in excel sheet for future reference purposes. Key words – Dual mode phase shifter, LabVIEW, GPIB, VNA, Hi-Low phase difference, Command generator
Power Quality Identification Using Wavelet Transform: A Reviewpaperpublications3
Abstract: In this paper we used wavelet transform which is useful in signal processing. Wavelet transform is used for analyze different power quality events. The power quality events like pure sine voltage wave, voltage sag, swell, harmonics, impulse can obtained using wavelet transform. The wavelet algorithm is a useful tool for signal processing. Fourier transform is also used for denoising but limited to stationary signals .For continuous analysis of non-stationary signals wavelet transform is used. The presence of noise can be detected by wavelet methods and analyze the noisy signal. The noisy signal can be denoised using wavelet transform.
Labview based rf characterization and testing of dual mode phase shiftereSAT Journals
Abstract R.F. characterization of C-band dual mode ferrite phase shifter cannot be done manually due to enormous and huge amount of data. So this paper provides the solution in term of automated procedure for testing of C-band DMPS in LabVIEW(Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) software. Dual mode phase shifter is currently being used in phased array Radar and WLR (Weapon Locating Radar). The DMPS is in production to realize the exorbitant demand of these radars. The desirable characteristic of phase shifter for phased array radar as differential phase shift, insertion loss, return loss, Hi-low phase difference, insertion phase, Rx-Tx phase can be measured with high accuracy. The output can be presented in any desirable form such as concluded summary form, graphical form and in excel sheet for future reference purposes. Key words – Dual mode phase shifter, LabVIEW, GPIB, VNA, Hi-Low phase difference, Command generator
A Proposed Method for Evaluating the Optimum Load Impedance in Negative Resis...Firas Mohammed Ali Al-Raie
This paper presents an analytical method for estimating the optimum load impedance in negative resistance RF oscillators. A practical oscillator circuit has been designed and implemented as a confirmation to this approach.
Combined Defence Services Examination (II) - 2014Performance analysis of swcn...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Reach and Operating Time Correction of Digital Distance Relay Yayah Zakaria
Current and voltage signals recieved from conventional iron core Current Transformer (CT) and Voltage Transformer plays very important role for correct operation of Distance Distance Relay (DDR). Increase in secondary burden connected to CT causes it to saturate at earlier stage. The saturated CT produces distorted secondary current, causing DDR to under reach and to operate by certain time delay. Rogowski Coils (RCs) are attaining increased acceptance and use in electrical power system due to their inherent linearity, greater accuracy and wide operating current range. This paper presents use of RC as an advanced measurement device suitable for DDR. Case study for validation of use of RC is carried out on low voltage system. The simulation results of Distance protection scheme used for protection of part of 220kV AC system shows excellent performance of RC over CT under abnormal conditions.
Improved Grid Synchronization Algorithm for DG System using DSRF PLL under Gr...IJERA Editor
Distributed Generation (DG) System is a small scale electric power generation at or near the user’s facility as
opposed to the normal mode of centralized power generation. In order to ensure safe and reliable operation of
power system based on DS, grid synchronization algorithm plays a very important role. This paper presents a
Double Synchronous Reference Frame (DSRF) phase locked loop (PLL) based on synthesis circuit for grid
synchronization of distributed generation (DG) system under grid disturbances aimed to provide an estimation
of the angular frequency and both the positive and negative sequences of the fundamental component of an
unbalanced three-phase signal. The design of this PLL is based on a complete description of the source voltage
involving both positive and negative sequences in stationary coordinates and considering the angular frequency
as an uncertain parameter.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Novel Structure of a Wideband Zero-bias Power Limiter for ISM BandTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, a new broadband microwave microstrip power limiter is designed and realized. The
Power Limiter is based on microstrip technology integrating a Zero Bias commercial Schottky diodes
HSMS2820.The power limiter is optimized and validated in two steps. The enhanced and achieved circuit
is obtained by concatenating two basic structures. The final circuit was validated into simulation by using
ADS solver. Finally this circuit was realized and tested. Simulation and measurement results are in a good
agreement. The final circuit achieves a limiting rate of 14 dB with a threshold input power level of 0 dBm
until a maximum input power level of 30 dBm.
A Study on Protection of Cables by Solkor Differential Protection Relay with ...IJERA Editor
This paper intends to briefly compare the protection of buried three phase high voltage cable with Solkordifferential protection relay using metallic pilot wires orfibre optic pilot wires. Dielectric property of the fiber optic provides complete electrical isolation as well as interference free signaling. This provides total immunity from GPR (ground potential rise), longitudinal induction, and differential mode noise coupling andhigh-voltage hazards to personnel safety. So Fibre optic provides great advantage for Solkor differential protection relaying.
The Approach on Influence of Biasing Circuit in Wideband Low Noise Amplifier ...IJEACS
This proposed work investigates the effects of biasing
circuit in the ultra-wideband microwave low noise amplifier
which operates between 3GHz to 10GHz. The complete circuit is
visualized the importance of every component in the design with
respect to linear measurements like Gain, Noise Figure, Return
loss under unconditionally stable condition. The design and
realization are made by using Hybrid Microwave integrated
circuit in AWR microwave office. The thing that is absolutely
necessary and frequently the difficult step in the design of an
LNA is 'biasing circuit design'. The difficulty situation arises
because traditional methods LNA by using S-parameters data
files in EDA tools provides almost all linear measurements.
Hence a number of time consuming iterations of different biasing
circuits with optimization methods may be required to reach
targeted specifications with the fixed operating point at the
desired points in the load line. Considering this behavior, various
alternate biasing circuit schemes are prepared and founded the
results associated with it. Furthermore, this paper unmistakably
clarifies the impacts of the biasing circuit by utilizing
intermodulation and harmonics distortion technique for
portrayal characterization. Different cases and sorts of the
biasing circuits with various biasing focuses have been tested and given clear perspective of the biasing ideas.
A LOW POWER, LOW PHASE NOISE CMOS LC OSCILLATORIJEEE
In this paper a Double Cross Coupled Inductor capacitor based Voltage Control Oscillator (LC-VCO) is designed. In the proposed circuit the phase noise, tuning range with respect to control voltage, output power and the power dissipation of the circuit is analysed. Phase noise of approximate -96 dBc/Hz at frequency of 1MHz, frequency tuning range of 4.8 to 8.3 GHz (corresponding to 53.0% tuning range) obtained by varying the control voltage from 0 to 2.0 V, Output power of circuit -8.92 dBm at 50 Ohm resistance terminal and the power consumption of Circuit is 3.8 mW. This VCO are designed for 5.5 GHz. The circuit is designed on the UMC 180nm CMOS technology and all the simulation results are obtained using cadence SPECTRE Simulator.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Proposed Method for Evaluating the Optimum Load Impedance in Negative Resis...Firas Mohammed Ali Al-Raie
This paper presents an analytical method for estimating the optimum load impedance in negative resistance RF oscillators. A practical oscillator circuit has been designed and implemented as a confirmation to this approach.
Combined Defence Services Examination (II) - 2014Performance analysis of swcn...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Reach and Operating Time Correction of Digital Distance Relay Yayah Zakaria
Current and voltage signals recieved from conventional iron core Current Transformer (CT) and Voltage Transformer plays very important role for correct operation of Distance Distance Relay (DDR). Increase in secondary burden connected to CT causes it to saturate at earlier stage. The saturated CT produces distorted secondary current, causing DDR to under reach and to operate by certain time delay. Rogowski Coils (RCs) are attaining increased acceptance and use in electrical power system due to their inherent linearity, greater accuracy and wide operating current range. This paper presents use of RC as an advanced measurement device suitable for DDR. Case study for validation of use of RC is carried out on low voltage system. The simulation results of Distance protection scheme used for protection of part of 220kV AC system shows excellent performance of RC over CT under abnormal conditions.
Improved Grid Synchronization Algorithm for DG System using DSRF PLL under Gr...IJERA Editor
Distributed Generation (DG) System is a small scale electric power generation at or near the user’s facility as
opposed to the normal mode of centralized power generation. In order to ensure safe and reliable operation of
power system based on DS, grid synchronization algorithm plays a very important role. This paper presents a
Double Synchronous Reference Frame (DSRF) phase locked loop (PLL) based on synthesis circuit for grid
synchronization of distributed generation (DG) system under grid disturbances aimed to provide an estimation
of the angular frequency and both the positive and negative sequences of the fundamental component of an
unbalanced three-phase signal. The design of this PLL is based on a complete description of the source voltage
involving both positive and negative sequences in stationary coordinates and considering the angular frequency
as an uncertain parameter.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Novel Structure of a Wideband Zero-bias Power Limiter for ISM BandTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, a new broadband microwave microstrip power limiter is designed and realized. The
Power Limiter is based on microstrip technology integrating a Zero Bias commercial Schottky diodes
HSMS2820.The power limiter is optimized and validated in two steps. The enhanced and achieved circuit
is obtained by concatenating two basic structures. The final circuit was validated into simulation by using
ADS solver. Finally this circuit was realized and tested. Simulation and measurement results are in a good
agreement. The final circuit achieves a limiting rate of 14 dB with a threshold input power level of 0 dBm
until a maximum input power level of 30 dBm.
A Study on Protection of Cables by Solkor Differential Protection Relay with ...IJERA Editor
This paper intends to briefly compare the protection of buried three phase high voltage cable with Solkordifferential protection relay using metallic pilot wires orfibre optic pilot wires. Dielectric property of the fiber optic provides complete electrical isolation as well as interference free signaling. This provides total immunity from GPR (ground potential rise), longitudinal induction, and differential mode noise coupling andhigh-voltage hazards to personnel safety. So Fibre optic provides great advantage for Solkor differential protection relaying.
The Approach on Influence of Biasing Circuit in Wideband Low Noise Amplifier ...IJEACS
This proposed work investigates the effects of biasing
circuit in the ultra-wideband microwave low noise amplifier
which operates between 3GHz to 10GHz. The complete circuit is
visualized the importance of every component in the design with
respect to linear measurements like Gain, Noise Figure, Return
loss under unconditionally stable condition. The design and
realization are made by using Hybrid Microwave integrated
circuit in AWR microwave office. The thing that is absolutely
necessary and frequently the difficult step in the design of an
LNA is 'biasing circuit design'. The difficulty situation arises
because traditional methods LNA by using S-parameters data
files in EDA tools provides almost all linear measurements.
Hence a number of time consuming iterations of different biasing
circuits with optimization methods may be required to reach
targeted specifications with the fixed operating point at the
desired points in the load line. Considering this behavior, various
alternate biasing circuit schemes are prepared and founded the
results associated with it. Furthermore, this paper unmistakably
clarifies the impacts of the biasing circuit by utilizing
intermodulation and harmonics distortion technique for
portrayal characterization. Different cases and sorts of the
biasing circuits with various biasing focuses have been tested and given clear perspective of the biasing ideas.
A LOW POWER, LOW PHASE NOISE CMOS LC OSCILLATORIJEEE
In this paper a Double Cross Coupled Inductor capacitor based Voltage Control Oscillator (LC-VCO) is designed. In the proposed circuit the phase noise, tuning range with respect to control voltage, output power and the power dissipation of the circuit is analysed. Phase noise of approximate -96 dBc/Hz at frequency of 1MHz, frequency tuning range of 4.8 to 8.3 GHz (corresponding to 53.0% tuning range) obtained by varying the control voltage from 0 to 2.0 V, Output power of circuit -8.92 dBm at 50 Ohm resistance terminal and the power consumption of Circuit is 3.8 mW. This VCO are designed for 5.5 GHz. The circuit is designed on the UMC 180nm CMOS technology and all the simulation results are obtained using cadence SPECTRE Simulator.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An Algorithm Based On Discrete Wavelet Transform For Faults Detection, Locati...paperpublications3
Abstract: An electric power distribution system is the final stage in the delivery of electric power; it carries electricity from the transmission system to individual consumers. Fault classification and location is very important in power system engineering in order to clear fault quickly and restore power supply as soon as possible with minimum interruption. Hence, ensuring its efficient and reliable operation is an extremely important and challenging task. With availability of inadequate system information, locating faults in a distribution system pose a major challenge to the utility operators. In this paper, a faults detection, location and classification technique using discrete wavelet multi-resolution approach for radial distribution systems are proposed. In this distribution network, the current measurement at the substation have been utilized and is demonstrated on 9-bus distribution system. Also in this work distribution system model was developed and simulated using power system block set of MATLAB to obtain fault current waveforms. The waveforms were analyzed using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) toolbox by selecting suitable wavelet family. It was estimated and achieved using Daubechies ‘db5’ discrete wavelet transform.
A Sensitive Wavelet-Based Algorithm for Fault Detection in Power Distribution...IDES Editor
This paper presents a wavelet based technique for
detection and classification of abnormal conditions that occur
on power distribution lines. The transients associated with these
conditions contain a large spectrum of frequencies, which are
analyzed using wavelet transform approach. The proposed
technique depends on a sensitive fault detection parameter
(denoted SFD) calculated from wavelet multi-resolution
decomposition of the three phase currents. The simulation
results of this study clearly indicate that the proposed technique
can be successfully used to detect not only faults that could not
be detected by conventional relays but also abnormal transients
like load switching and inrush currents
Non-linear loads can cause transients in electronic switches. They also result in a fluctuating output when the device is switched ON or OFF. These transients can harm not only the switches but also the devices that they are connected to, by passing excess currents or voltages to the devices. By applying machine learning, we can improve the gate drive voltages of the switches and thereby reduce switch transients. A feedback system is built that measures the output transients and then feeds it to a neural network algorithm that then gives a proper gate drive to the device. This will reduce transients and also improve performances of switch based devices like inverters and converters.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Design of Ota-C Filter for Biomedical ApplicationsIOSR Journals
Abstract-This paper presents design of operational transconductance amplifier is to amplify the ECG signal
having low frequency of 300Hz, with the supply voltage of 0.8v. To reduce the power dissipation of 779nW, by
using fifth order low pass filter. The OTA-C filter is to eliminate noise voltage and increases the reliability of
the system. A chip is fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS process is simulated and measured to validate the system
performance using HSPICE.
Fault identification in transformer windingeSAT Journals
Abstract Transformer fault detection during impulse tests has always been an important topic in power engineering. Transformers connected to overhead lines are often prone to lightning strikes and resulting winding damage. For assessment of their insulation strength against such impulse stresses they are usually subjected to lightning impulse tests after assembly. In the case of a fault inside the winding, the shape of the winding current changes as compared to that of a healthy winding. The pattern of the fault current depends on the type of fault and its location along the length of the winding. This paper investigates Conventional procedures of fault diagnosis involved visual examination of the oscillographic records in time-domain and also applying the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm to analyze the transformer ‘fingerprint’ in the frequency-domain. Actually, this method is straight forward technique for interpretation of minor impulse faults in transformers. Also Simulation results obtained for a range of distribution transformer digital models are presented to illustrate the ability of this approach to classify insulation failures during impulse testing. The proposed method has been applied for impulse fault analysis of a analog model of a 12kVA single phase transformer. Keywords: transformer; Impulse test; Fault; FFT
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object Calisthenics
C231924
1. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726
www.ijesi.org Volume 2 Issue 3 ǁ March. 2013 ǁ PP.19-24
www.ijesi.org 19 | Page
Analysis of Very Fast Transient over Voltages Intransformer in
400kv Gis By Wavelet
1
K.prakasam, D.Prabhavathi2 ,
M.Suryakalavathi3,
Bhumanapally. Ravindhranath Reddy4
1
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Siddhartha Institute of Engineering and Technology,
JNTU Hyderabad, INDIA
2
Eelectrical and Electronics Engineering, Siddhartha Institute of Engineering and Technology,
JNTU, Hyderabad,, INDIA
3
Eelectrical and Electronics Engineering, JNTU college of engineering,, Hyderabad, INDIA
4
Eelectrical and Electronics Engineering, JNTU college of engineering,, Hyderabad, INDIA
ABSTRACT : In a GIS, Very Fast Transient Over voltages (VFTO) are generated mainly due to switching
operations. The switching operation may be of a disconnect or switch or a circuit breaker or an earthling switch.
These switching overvoltage levels are possible up to 3.0 p.u, depending on switching configuration .This paper
deals with analysis of vftos in transformer in 400KV GIS ,transformer model is designed in matlab simulink and
the vftos generated by the operation of CB are analyzed by Wavelet transform for both open and closing
conditions of CB.
Keywords: VFTO,GIS,Transformer,Wavelet,Transients,CB,DWT,
I INTRODUCTION
This paper deals to investigate feasible methods for mitigation of the overvoltage magnitude of VFTOs
and suppression of the resonant frequencies amplitude at the power transformer. The proposed method utilizes
terminal and capacitance components to suppress VFTOs in GIS. Its advantages are their simplicity and low
cost of implementation along with producing minimal changes in the installed GIS. The effectiveness of the
proposed method to mitigate overvoltage magnitude and resonant frequencies amplitude of VFTO is presented
via simulation. The three pase two winding transformer model is designed and subjected to various switching
conditions the simulation work is carried in MATLAB software . The results obtained and are compared
between with and without wavelet transform. The result show that the proposed technique is able to offer high
accuracy. Application of Wavelet Transform and MLP Neural Network for Ferro resonance
Identification.ISTURBANCE due to ferroresonance is a common phenomenon in electric power distribution
system operation. Depending on circuit conditions, its effect may be a random over voltage that could be either
a short transient for few cycles, a continuous over voltage or even a jump resonance. It causes both phase-to-
phase and phase to- ground high sustained oscillating over voltages and over currents with sustained levels of
distortion to the current and voltage waveforms, leading to transformer heating together with excessively loud
noise due to magneto striction, electrical equipment damage, thermal or insulation breakdown and mal-operation
of the protective devices. An additional, very important advantage of gas insulated substations in comparison
with the air insulated ones is safety. The safety of gas insulated substations is to be observed exclusively from
the environmental protection aspect. In the closed pressure system design of the substation gas leaking is
reduced to the standardized rate of 1% per year, while the other design (a hermetically closed system) does not
require gas filling. The safety of people exposed to the substation, due to the fact that substations are located in
inhabited areas, represents the second type of safety. Beside its unquestionable advantages, GIS also has its
disadvantages. One of the main negative phenomena in gas insulated substations is the occurrence of very fast
transients – VFT, whereat we differ between the so-called internal and external overvoltage‟s
II. THEORY OF WAVELET ANALYSIS
Wavelets are functions that satisfy certain requirements. The very name wa6elet comes from the
requirement that they should integrate to zero, „waving‟ above and below the x-axis. The diminutive connotation
of wa6elet suggests the function has to be well localized. Other requirements are technical and needed mostly to
insure quick and easy calculation of the direct and inverse wavelet transform. Compared with traditional Fourier
method, there are some important differences between them. First Fourier basis functions are localized in
2. Analysis Of Very Fast Transient Over Voltages Intransformer In 400kv Gis By Wavelet
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frequency but not in time while wavelets are localized in both frequency (viadilation) and time (via translation).
Moreover, wavelets can provide multiple resolution in time and frequency. Second, many classes of functions
can be represented by wavelets in more compact way. For example, functions with discontinuities and functions
with sharp spikes usually take substantially fewer wavelet basis functions than sine-cosine basis functions to
achieve a comparable approximation.
There are many types of wavelets [9,10], such as Harr, Daubechies 4, Daubechies 8, Coiflet 3,
Symmlet 8 and so on. One can choose between them depending on a particular application. As with the discrete
Fourier transform, the wavelet transform has a digitally implement able counterpart, the discrete wavelet
transform (DWT). If the „discrete‟ analysis is pursuing on the discrete time, the DWT is defined as
where, s(n) is the signal to be analyzed and gj,k(n) is discrete wavelet function, which is defined by
Select a0 and b0 carefully, the family of scaled and
shifted mother wavelets constitute an orthonormal basis of l2
(Z) (set of signals of finite energy). When simply
choose a0 = 2and b0=1, a dyadic-orthonormal wavelet transform is obtained. With this choice, there exists an
elegant algorithm, the multi resolution signal decomposition (MSD) technique [11], which can decompose a
signal into levels with different time and frequency resolution. At each level j, approximation and detail signals
Aj, Dj can be built. The words‟ approximation‟ and „detail‟ are justified by the fact that Aj is an approximation
of Aj_1 taking into account the „low frequency‟ of Aj_1, whereas the detail Dj corresponds to the „high frequency‟
correction. The original signal can be considered as the approximation at level 0.
The coefficients C ( j,k) generated by the DWT are something like the „resemblance indexes‟ between
the signal and the wavelet. If the index is large, the resemblance is strong, otherwise it is slight. The signal then
can be represented by its DWT coefficients as
When fix j and sum on k, a detail Dj is defined as
Then sum on j,the signal is the sum of all the details
Take a reference level called J, there are two sorts
of details. Those associated with indices j5J correspond to the scales 2j52J, which are the fine details. The
others, which correspond are the coarser details. If these latter details are grouped into
which defines an approximation of the signals. Connect the details and an approximation, the equality
which signifies that s is the sum of its approximation AJ and of its fine details. The coefficients produced by
DWT, therefore, can be divided into two categories: one is detail coefficient, the other is approximation
coefficient. To obtain them, MSD provides an efficient algorithm known as a two channel sub-band coder using
quadrature mirror filters [12]. Then the detail part is still represented by wavelets, which can be regarded as
series of band-pass filters, whereas the approximation is represented by the dilation and translation of a scaling
function, which can be regarded as a low-pass filter.
A. Transients in general
Voltage transients in power systems are caused by switching actions, lightning and faults in the system.
Different phenomena create different types of transients. Oscillatory transients are caused mainly by switching
phenomena in the network. The most common switching action is capacitor bank switching. The most severe
transients are caused by capacitor energizing while capacitor de-energizing only causes a minor transient none
synchronized energizing of capacitors is worse than synchronized. Oscillatory transients are characterized by
duration,
Magnitude and spectral content there are subclasses of oscillatory transients depending on the dominant
frequency .Impulsive transients are caused mainly by lightning strikes. The worst impulsive transients are
created when the lightning strikes directly on the power line. However the majority of direct strikes lead to a
fault, which shows up as voltage dip at the equipment (monitor or end-user equipment) terminals. Voltage dips
3. Analysis Of Very Fast Transient Over Voltages Intransformer In 400kv Gis By Wavelet
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are not treated in this paper. Impulsive transients are characterized by rise and decay time. The impulsive
transients are divided into subclasses according to their duration Transients in general are rapidly damped when
they propagate due to the resistive part of the system. Therefore transients in general are a local phenomenon.
Exceptions are transients of relatively low frequency that originate in the transmission or transformer
Fig 1 Shell form Transformer winding
The wavelet levels to be selected must best reflect the fault characteristics under various system and
fault conditions. In this respect, according to the analyses of different wavelet levels of current waveform and
the level 4 (D4) and level 7 (D7) details, are utilized to extract some useful features. This is because the level 4
details generally reflect the dominant non-frequency transient generated by faults. Since level7 details contain
most of the fundamental harmonic, which is of 50 Hz in this system, the sum of three phase of them (D9a, D9b,
and D9c) have similar characteristics of zero component which can be used to differ phase-to-ground fault and
phase-phase fault, two-phase to ground fault and three-phase fault resent wavelet analysis results of other types
of fault, which are two-phase fault, two phase to ground fault and three phase fault, respectively
III. PROPOSED SCHEME OF EVALUATION OF VFTOS
A three phase 400 KV GIS has been designed along with transformer using Mat lab simulink of version
7.8 .Three phase circuit breaker is employed to have closing and open conditions. The simulation of the 400kv
system is carried for VFTOs .the transient operations are carried by a three phase circuit breaker, with the
operating times of 0.001s at the primary of the transformer. for both open and closing conditions of circuit
breaker the VFOs are calculated and calculations of vftos obtained. The wavelet levels to be selected must best
reflect the fault characteristics under various system and fault conditions. In this respect, according to the
analyses of different wavelet levels of current waveform and the level 4 (D4) and level 7 (D7) details, are
utilized to extract some useful features. This is because the level 4 details generally reflect the dominant non-
frequency transient generated by faults. Since level7 details contain most of the fundamental harmonic, which is
of 50 Hz in this system, the sum of three phase of them (D9a, D9b, and D9c) have similar characteristics of zero
component which can be used to differ phase-to-ground fault and phase-phase fault, two-phase to ground fault
and three-phase fault resent wavelet analysis results of other types of fault, which are two-phase fault, two phase
to ground fault and three phase fault, respectively
IV MATLAB SIMULATION METHOD OF ANALYSIS
65pf
65pf
65pf
125 pf
125 pf
125 pf
125 pf
125 pf
125 pf
400 KV GIS transformer
powergui
Discrete,
Ts = 5e-005 s
Voltage Measurement2
v
+
-
Voltage Measurement1
v
+
-
Voltage Measurement
v
+
-
To Workspace2
vca
To Workspace1
vbc
To Workspace
vab
Three-Phase Source
A
B
C
Three-Phase Breaker
com
A
B
C
a
b
c
Three-Phase
Transformer
(Two Windings)
A
B
C
a
b
c
Scope 3Scope 2
Scope 1
Scope
R2
R1
R
Pulse
Generator
L8
L7
L6
L5 L4
L3L2
L1L
C9 C8
C7
C6
C5
C4C3
C2
C14C13
C12C11
C10
C1 C
65pf2
65pf
Fig 2-Matlab simulink modeling of 400K V GIS Transformer
4. Analysis Of Very Fast Transient Over Voltages Intransformer In 400kv Gis By Wavelet
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0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
x 10
5
time
Vca
Fig 3 Voltage response at t = 2 cycle
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
x 10
5
time
Vbc
Fig 4 Responses voltage, Breaker current, for t = 0.1s
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
x 10
5
time
Vca
Fig 5 Voltage at t= 0.1s
Fig 6 Responce of voltage at t= 1cycle
Fig 7 Voltage at t= 2 cycles
5. Analysis Of Very Fast Transient Over Voltages Intransformer In 400kv Gis By Wavelet
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Fig 8 Responce of voltage at t = 2 cycles
S.No Name of the
equipments
Max Peak
values of
VFTOs
1 Open end 0.876x104
V
2 Transformer 9.12KV
3 CB 2.45x104
V
Table-1 maximum peak of the 400KV GIS
The analysis of transformer is done by simulink and wavelet technique for different conditions and the
resultant of fast transient over voltages are formulated in figures from 4.1 to 4.6.Fg 41 to 4.3 represents the
resultant VFTOs obtained by Matlab simulink model and from 4.4 to 4.6 represents the resultant VFTOs
obtained by wavelet technique(DWT).The resultant values are calculated and are given in table 1.
The VFTO is calculated at the primary side of the power transformer, Vtr, and at the open end, Voc.
The level and waveshapes of the generated VFTO is shown in Figure3. It is observed that the peak magnitude
of the generated VFTO at the primary side of the power transformer is about 2.06 P.u, while it is about 2.63 P.u.
at the open end. The trapped charge, which is in the floating section, depends on switch type and load side. For a
normal slow speed disconnect or with the maximum trapped charge, it can be about 0.5pu. In the high speed
disconnect or the maximum trapped charge could be reach to 1.0 pu [3]. The effect of trapped Charge on the
VFTO Levels is shown in table 2. It is noticed that the VFTO at the power transformer terminal increases from
about 2.06 to about 4.12 Pu with increasing the trapped charge from 0 to 1pu, respectively. In the same time the
VFTO at the open end increases from about 2.36 to about 5.26 Pu with increasing the trapped charge from 0 to
1pu, respectively.table2 indicates effect of trapped charge on VFT
V CONCLUSIONS
The using R-C filter is effectively reduced the VFTO at the transformer, but it has no effect at the open
end. When using the resistor switching the peak value of the generated VFTO at transformer is decreased by
about 37.9%, while at open end it decreases by about 53.2%. With using the ferrite rings the peak values of the
VFTO at transformer is decreased by about 35%, while at the open end it decreased by about 49%. The ferrite
rings at any instant can be saturated, due to high frequency and high magnitudes of the VFTO, hence it has no
effect on VFTO. With using R-C filter the peak value of the VFTO is reduced by about 37.9%. This method has
a problem ( results are shown in from fig 3 to 8) that it is protect the transformer only. Due to its complexity
(waveform phenomena), GIS modeling for observing specific phenomena is extremely complex. By analyzing
simulation results, it can be concluded that such models and simulations allow a more detailed insight into an
observed phenomenon. By means of such simulation models it is possible to investigate the influence of
individual phenomena on the potential rise of the GIS enclosure. Based on the results of such simulations,
further measures for decreasing the potential rise of the GIS enclosure may be suggested. For further
investigations of these phenomena, more simulations in programs dealing with electromagnetic fields are to be
deployed.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge financial support for this research by
Smt.M.Suryakalavathi .dept of EEE, JNTUH, and her great support for the completion of this work.
REFERENCES
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Transmission and Distribution, vol.144, No.5, 1997, pp.461-468
[3]. Y. Shibuya, et al., “Analysis of Very Fast Transients in Transformer”, to be published in IEE Proceedings-Generation
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHOR
1) K.Prakasam, Born in 1973 april 20, his B.tech degree from KSRM College of Engineering
SV university in 1997 and M.Tech degree from SV university in the year 2004. He has
specialised in Power Systems, High Voltage Engineering and Control Systems. his research
interests include Simulation studies on Transients of different power system equipment. He
has 16 years of experience. He is presently working as Assoc.Prof and HOD of Dept of EEE,
Siddhartha Institute of Engineering and Technolgy, Ibrahimpatnam, Hyderabad
2) D.Prabhavathi Born in 1976 august 27, her B.Tech degree from KSRM college of
Engineering, kadapa , SV university, and M.Tech degree from SV iniversity in the year
2003.She has specialised in Power Systems, High Voltage Engineering.She is currently
working as Assoc.Prof ,dept of EEE Siddhartha Institute of Engineering and Technolgy,
Ibrahimpatnam, Hyderabad Her research interests include Simulation studies on faults
identification in UG cable of LT and HT. She has 12 years of experience.
3) Dr. M. Surya Kalavathi, Born on 8th July 1966, Obtained her B.Tech degree from S.V.
U. in 1988 and M.Tech from S.V.U. in the year 1992. Obtained her doctoral degree from
JNTU, Hyderabad and Post Doctoral from CMU, USA. She is presently the Professor (EEE)
in JNTUH College of Engineering, Kukatpally, Hyderabad. Published 16 Research Papers
and presently guiding 5 Ph.D. Scholars. She has specialised in Power Systems, High Voltage
Engineering and Control Systems. Her research interests include Simulation studies on
Transients of different power system equipment. She has 18 years of experience. She has
invited for various lectures in institutes.
4) Bhumanapally. Ravindhranath Reddy, Born on 3rd September, 1969. Got his B.Tech
in Electrical & Electronics Engineering from the J.N.T.U. College of Engg., Anantapur in
the year 1991. Completed his M.Tech in Energy Systems in IPGSR of J.N.T.University
Hyderabad in the year 1997. Obtained his doctoral degree from JNTU, Hyderabad .