Production of Syngas from biomass and its purificationAwais Chaudhary
This project includes production of syngas from biomass and its purification. Firstly we discuss feasibility and availability of raw material. Then we have literature survey. A lot of techniques are there to produce syngas, we have discuss process selection. Environmental considerations are also have been discussed. Piping and instrumentation (P&ID) diagrams also have been attached. At the end we've our conclusion and our recommendations.
Production of Syngas from biomass and its purificationAwais Chaudhary
This project includes production of syngas from biomass and its purification. Firstly we discuss feasibility and availability of raw material. Then we have literature survey. A lot of techniques are there to produce syngas, we have discuss process selection. Environmental considerations are also have been discussed. Piping and instrumentation (P&ID) diagrams also have been attached. At the end we've our conclusion and our recommendations.
Microbial catalysis of syngas fermentation into biofuels precursors - An expe...Pratap Jung Rai
Search for environment-friendly sustainable energy sources is of global interest due to continuous depletion of fossil fuels resources and excessive carbon dioxide emissions. Syngas fermentation is one of the promising sustainable alternative for liquid biofuel and chemical production from energy content wastes/byproducts. This study mainly focuses on acetic acid and ethanol production via fermentation, using hydrogen and carbon dioxide as substrates to mimic syngas. A laboratory scale, batch fermentation was performed at different headspace pressure ranged from 0.29 to 1.51 bar, 1200 rpm stirrer speed, and 22±1.4ºC.
Formation of acetic acid and ethanol were found significant. The maximum acetic acid concentration 68 mmol/L was obtained at 1176 hours and 1.12 bar headspace pressure. However, maximum ethanol concentration of 15 pA*s was found at 1297 hours and 1.51 bar headspace pressure. Ethanol consumption was observed during first 553 hours. Maximum H2 consumption rate was 0.153 mmol/h•gVS during 478-527 hours at 1.12 bar headspace pressure, which was 51 times higher than that obtained during first 71 hours at 0.29 bar headspace pressure (0.003 mmol/h• gVS). The total consumed hydrogen gas measure as COD (CODHydrogen) was equivalent to the increase in bulk liquid COD, 11.02 gCOD and 11.44 gCOD; in which 68% of CODHydrogen was converted to acetic acid (7.44 gCOD). A significant influence of headspace pressure and dissolved hydrogen concentration were observed on the volumetric mass (H2) transfer coefficient (kLa) and the solubility of hydrogen in the inoculum (CH). The maximum kLa and CH of 0.082 h-1 (R2 = 0.995) and 1.2 10-3 mol/L were found at 1.12 bar headspace pressure and 89 mmol/L dissolved hydrogen concentration, respectively. The calculated biomass yields ranged from 0.001-0.066 and 0.001-0.059 gVSS/gCOD, for acetic acid and ethanol formation, respectively, when the assumption of free energy efficiency use in growth was changed from 0.1 to 1.
Acetic acid and ethanol were dominant final product whereas other organic acids were almost constant and insignificant throughout the experiment. This implies that the microbial fermentation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide at headspace pressure ranged from 0.29-1.51 bar, 1200 rpm stirrer speed, and 22±1.4ºC, can be performed with digested food waste sludge for efficient acetic acid and ethanol production.
In this project we basically studied scope of this project, its feasibility and market assessment, raw material availability, different routes to produce Syngas and their comparison, process selection and its complete description, its P&ID, and environmental consideration.
What type of technologies does Tecam Group offer for Volatile Organic Compound emission treatment?
Tecam Group offers environmental technology solutions for the Industry to treat gas emissions and waste derived from production processes.
Tecam Group designs, manufactures and installs 2 types of technology:
1) Gas Emission Treatment:
a) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) abatement, through the following technology:
- Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer (RTO)
- Regenerative Catalytic Oxidizer (RCO)
- Adsorption Solution (Zeolite Rotor-Concentrator with RTO);
b) Combustion Gas Control;
c) Methane Treatment in Mines and Landfills;
2) Solid Waste Incineration for industrial, municipal, hospital, animal and naval vessel waste.
Tecam Group offers turn-key technological solutions. Our product is designed tailor-made to meet our customer’s specific requirements and incorporates high-end quality materials from top-tier suppliers. Tecam Group equipment complies with all EU equipment manufacturing requirements.
Selection of Optimal Solid Sorbents for CO2 Capture Based on Gas Phase CO2 Composition - presentation by Adam berger of EPRI at the UKCCSRC Natural Gas CCS Network Meeting at GHGT-12, Austin, Texas, October 2014
Episode 3 : Production of Synthesis Gas by Steam Methane ReformingSAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Episode 3 : Production of Synthesis Gas by Steam Methane Reforming
History of Synthesis Gas
In 1780, Felice Fontana discovered that combustible gas develops if water vapor is passed over carbon at temperatures over 500 °C. This CO and H2 containing gas was called water gas and mainly used for lighting purposes in the19th century.
As of the beginning of the 20th century, H2/CO-mixtures were used for syntheses of hydrocarbons and then, as a consequence, also called synthesis gas.
Haber and Bosch discovered the synthesis of ammonia from H2 and N2 in 1910 and the first industrial ammonia synthesis plant was commissioned in 1913.
The production of liquid hydrocarbons and oxygenates from syngas conversion over iron catalysts was discovered in 1923 by Fischer and Tropsch.
Much of the syngas conversion processes were being developed in Germany during the first and second world wars at a time when natural resources were becoming scare and alternative routes for hydrogen production, ammonia synthesis, and transportation fuels were a necessity.
In 1943/44, this was applied for large-scale production of artificial fuels from synthesis gas in Germany.
Kieran Laxen - Assessing the impacts of short-term power generation - DMUG17IES / IAQM
An unapologetically technical conference, DMUG remains the key annual event for experts in this field. Unmissable speakers will be examining topical issues in emissions, exposure and dispersion modelling.
Gasification process for generating producer gas by updraft, downdraft etc. and advantage and disadvantages of gasifier and application of producer gas for generating electricity or motive power for running the engine.
GEORG Geothermal Workshop 2016
Presentation Title: Volcano-tectonostratigraphic characteristics of the Jan Mayen microcontinent and Iceland shelf area, lessons learned for geothermal exploration
Microbial catalysis of syngas fermentation into biofuels precursors - An expe...Pratap Jung Rai
Search for environment-friendly sustainable energy sources is of global interest due to continuous depletion of fossil fuels resources and excessive carbon dioxide emissions. Syngas fermentation is one of the promising sustainable alternative for liquid biofuel and chemical production from energy content wastes/byproducts. This study mainly focuses on acetic acid and ethanol production via fermentation, using hydrogen and carbon dioxide as substrates to mimic syngas. A laboratory scale, batch fermentation was performed at different headspace pressure ranged from 0.29 to 1.51 bar, 1200 rpm stirrer speed, and 22±1.4ºC.
Formation of acetic acid and ethanol were found significant. The maximum acetic acid concentration 68 mmol/L was obtained at 1176 hours and 1.12 bar headspace pressure. However, maximum ethanol concentration of 15 pA*s was found at 1297 hours and 1.51 bar headspace pressure. Ethanol consumption was observed during first 553 hours. Maximum H2 consumption rate was 0.153 mmol/h•gVS during 478-527 hours at 1.12 bar headspace pressure, which was 51 times higher than that obtained during first 71 hours at 0.29 bar headspace pressure (0.003 mmol/h• gVS). The total consumed hydrogen gas measure as COD (CODHydrogen) was equivalent to the increase in bulk liquid COD, 11.02 gCOD and 11.44 gCOD; in which 68% of CODHydrogen was converted to acetic acid (7.44 gCOD). A significant influence of headspace pressure and dissolved hydrogen concentration were observed on the volumetric mass (H2) transfer coefficient (kLa) and the solubility of hydrogen in the inoculum (CH). The maximum kLa and CH of 0.082 h-1 (R2 = 0.995) and 1.2 10-3 mol/L were found at 1.12 bar headspace pressure and 89 mmol/L dissolved hydrogen concentration, respectively. The calculated biomass yields ranged from 0.001-0.066 and 0.001-0.059 gVSS/gCOD, for acetic acid and ethanol formation, respectively, when the assumption of free energy efficiency use in growth was changed from 0.1 to 1.
Acetic acid and ethanol were dominant final product whereas other organic acids were almost constant and insignificant throughout the experiment. This implies that the microbial fermentation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide at headspace pressure ranged from 0.29-1.51 bar, 1200 rpm stirrer speed, and 22±1.4ºC, can be performed with digested food waste sludge for efficient acetic acid and ethanol production.
In this project we basically studied scope of this project, its feasibility and market assessment, raw material availability, different routes to produce Syngas and their comparison, process selection and its complete description, its P&ID, and environmental consideration.
What type of technologies does Tecam Group offer for Volatile Organic Compound emission treatment?
Tecam Group offers environmental technology solutions for the Industry to treat gas emissions and waste derived from production processes.
Tecam Group designs, manufactures and installs 2 types of technology:
1) Gas Emission Treatment:
a) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) abatement, through the following technology:
- Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer (RTO)
- Regenerative Catalytic Oxidizer (RCO)
- Adsorption Solution (Zeolite Rotor-Concentrator with RTO);
b) Combustion Gas Control;
c) Methane Treatment in Mines and Landfills;
2) Solid Waste Incineration for industrial, municipal, hospital, animal and naval vessel waste.
Tecam Group offers turn-key technological solutions. Our product is designed tailor-made to meet our customer’s specific requirements and incorporates high-end quality materials from top-tier suppliers. Tecam Group equipment complies with all EU equipment manufacturing requirements.
Selection of Optimal Solid Sorbents for CO2 Capture Based on Gas Phase CO2 Composition - presentation by Adam berger of EPRI at the UKCCSRC Natural Gas CCS Network Meeting at GHGT-12, Austin, Texas, October 2014
Episode 3 : Production of Synthesis Gas by Steam Methane ReformingSAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Episode 3 : Production of Synthesis Gas by Steam Methane Reforming
History of Synthesis Gas
In 1780, Felice Fontana discovered that combustible gas develops if water vapor is passed over carbon at temperatures over 500 °C. This CO and H2 containing gas was called water gas and mainly used for lighting purposes in the19th century.
As of the beginning of the 20th century, H2/CO-mixtures were used for syntheses of hydrocarbons and then, as a consequence, also called synthesis gas.
Haber and Bosch discovered the synthesis of ammonia from H2 and N2 in 1910 and the first industrial ammonia synthesis plant was commissioned in 1913.
The production of liquid hydrocarbons and oxygenates from syngas conversion over iron catalysts was discovered in 1923 by Fischer and Tropsch.
Much of the syngas conversion processes were being developed in Germany during the first and second world wars at a time when natural resources were becoming scare and alternative routes for hydrogen production, ammonia synthesis, and transportation fuels were a necessity.
In 1943/44, this was applied for large-scale production of artificial fuels from synthesis gas in Germany.
Kieran Laxen - Assessing the impacts of short-term power generation - DMUG17IES / IAQM
An unapologetically technical conference, DMUG remains the key annual event for experts in this field. Unmissable speakers will be examining topical issues in emissions, exposure and dispersion modelling.
Gasification process for generating producer gas by updraft, downdraft etc. and advantage and disadvantages of gasifier and application of producer gas for generating electricity or motive power for running the engine.
GEORG Geothermal Workshop 2016
Presentation Title: Volcano-tectonostratigraphic characteristics of the Jan Mayen microcontinent and Iceland shelf area, lessons learned for geothermal exploration
Lessons Learned on CO2 Storage from the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration...Global CCS Institute
Completing field tests that demonstrate that geologic storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be conducted safely and commercially is one step towards developing robust strategies for mitigating large point source CO2 emissions.
The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Program (MRCSP) large volume CO2 injection test is providing data for improving capacity estimates and demonstrating storage capacity within a regionally significant resource. MRCSP is also evaluating CO2 storage potential in Ohio and other areas of the Midwest and the East Coast through regional mapping and exploratory site characterization. Lessons learned from pressure data analysis, modeling, monitoring technologies assessment, accounting, regional mapping and exploration enable technology advancements needed to help carbon capture and storage reach a commercial stage.
This webinar presented an update of the progress made to date and key findings from the MRCSP large volume CO2 injection test and regional exploration work. The topics that were covered include:
Background
- About the MRCSP
- Research objectives
Large Volume CO2 Injection Test, Approaches and Results:
- Description/Overview
- Data Uses
- Pressure Data Analysis and Modelling
- Monitoring Technology Assessment
- Accounting
Regional Mapping and Characterization of Storage Resources
- Known Sources and Sinks
- Studies of Reservoirs and Seals Underway
GEORG Geothermal Workshop 2016
Presentation Title: Willingness to pay for the preservation of geothermal areas in Iceland – the contingent valuation studies of Eldvörp and Hverahl
Modelling Fault Reactivation, Induced Seismicity, and Leakage During Underground CO2 Injection, Jonny Rutquvist - Geophysical Modelling for CO2 Storage, Leeds, 3 November 2015
GEORG Geothermal Workshop 2016
Presentation Title: Hydrogen Sulfide concentration in the vicinity of the Reykjavik Capital area due to two Geothermal Power Plants
Heavy Oil recovery traditionally starts with depletion drive and (natural) waterdrive with very low recoveries as a result. As EOR technique, steam injection has been matured since the 1950s using CSS (cyclic steam stimulation), steam drive or steam flooding, and SAGD (steam assisted gravity drainage). The high energy cost of heating up the oil bearing formation to steam temperature and the associated high CO2 footprint make steam based technology less attractive today and many companies in the industry have been actively trying to find alternatives or improvements. As a result there are now many more energy efficient recovery technologies that can unlock heavy oil resources compared with only a decade ago. This presentation will discuss breakthrough alternatives to steam based recovery as well as incremental improvement options to steam injection techniques. The key message is the importance to consider these techniques because steam injection is costly and has a high CO2 footprint
Johan van Dorp holds an MSc in Experimental Physics from Utrecht University and joined Shell in 1981. He has served on several international assignments, mainly in petroleum and reservoir engineering roles. He recently led the extra heavy-oil research team at the Shell Technology Centre in Calgary, focusing on improved in-situ heavy-oil recovery technologies. Van Dorp also was Shell Group Principal Technical Expert in Thermal EOR and has been involved with most thermal projects in Shell throughout the world, including in California, Oman, the Netherlands, and Canada. He retired from Shell after more than 35 years in Oct 2016. Van Dorp (co-)authored 13 SPE papers on diverse subjects.
Presentation given by Paul Fennell of Imperial College London on "The Integration of Power Generation, Cement Manufacture, Biomass Utilisation and Calcium Looping." at the Alternative CCS Pathways Workshop, Oxford Martin School, 27 June 2014
Sweetening and sulfur recovery of sour associated gas in the middle eastFrames
Effective and efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an essential step when sweetening gas for downstream processes. By simultaneously turning the captured hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur, a Frames THIOPAQ O&G system improves gas value, while creating a saleable chemical widely sought after in the agricultural and bulk chemical industry.
Phase Behaviour and EoS Modelling of the Carbon Dioxide-Hydrogen System, Martin Trusler, Imperial College London. Presented at CO2 Properties and EoS for Pipeline Engineering, 11th November 2014
Introduction and Theoretical Aspects
Catalyst Reduction and Start-up
Normal Operation and Troubleshooting
Shutdown and Catalyst Discharge
Nickel Carbonyl Hazard
Modern Methanation Catalyst Requirements
Future carbon capture R&D efforts need to focus on cost reductions in three main areas: materials, processes and equipment. In this webinar Ron Munson, the Institute’s Principal Manager – Capture, gave an overview of the current directions in carbon capture R&D, including development of higher performance solvents, sorbents and membranes; process improvements and intensification; equipment development; and novel equipment designs.
GEORG Geothermal Workshop 2016 SESSION B2, Midstream. Presentation title: Feasibility study for utilizing an ORC cycle to cool medium temperature geothermal fluid to appropriate temperature for use at Seltjarnarnes district heating
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
1. Overview of CO2 Production in Alaşehir
Geothermal Field, Manisa,Turkey
HAKKI AYDIN
Reservoir Engineer , Msc METU
2. 1
Alaşehir Geothermal Field
Origin of CO2 in western Turkey geothermal field
CO2 decline Curve Analysis of Alaşehir Field
Parameters affecting CO2 decline
Effects of CO2 decline in wellbore
CO2 Emission from the field
Outline
3. 2Zorlu Alaşehir Geothermal Field
• 50 km^2 Licensed area
• 45 Mwe installed Power Plant
(Doube Flash+Binary System)
• 8 Production, 8 injection wells
• High Enthaphy (average: 840 kj/kg)
• Liquid dominated
4. BAŞLIK EKLE
Metin ekle
3Noncondansable Gases
Gas Volume % in dry gas
Carbon dioxide 98.36
Hydrogen sulfide 0.003
Nitrogen 0.61
Methane 0.93
Argon 0.004
Oxygen 0.002
Hydrogen 0.093
Helium 0.00002
2%-3% of Total fluid production is NCG
98.4 % of NCG is CO2
5. Stable isotopes of water Meteoric Water
Carbon isotopes Marine Carbonate Sediments (No indication of Magmatic CO2
4Origin of CO2 in western Turkey Geothermal Field
Alluvium( Quartz,mica-schist)
Kaletepe Formation ( Sandstone, Conglomerate)
Gediz Formation Salihli member
(sandstone,Limestone,claystone)
Gediz Formation Hamamdere member
( sandstone,Conglomerate,claystone)
Liquid Dominated Reservoir
Metamorphics (Carbonate,Marble, Calc-schist )
Geochemistry
(Yildırım and Guner, 2005, Haizlip and Haklidir, 2011, Simsek, 2003, and Aksoy et al., 2015)
Reactions between calcite and water
6. Metin ekle
• Metin ekle
Metin ekle
• Metin ekle
BAŞLIK EKLE
5CO2 Lost Circulation
Higher CO2
concentration
Lower CO2
concentraiton
pH: 9
7. 6
Decline Curve Analysis
Types of decline
Exponential
Hyperbolic
Harmonic
Model Identification
Where b,d : emprical constants to be found from production data
If d=0 , Exponential Decline
If d=1 , Harmonic Decline
If 0<d<1, Hyperbolic Decline
13. 13Alkan-5 C02 decline curve
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
August
2015
September
2015
October
2015
November
2015
March
2016
April 2016 May.16 June.16 July.16 August
2016
September
2016
CO2flowrate,tph
Date
Alkan5
Alkan5
- Reservoir pressure drop 6 Bar
- Temperature is the same
- CO2 decline 2.2 tph to 0.5 tph 77.2% CO2 decline
15. 15
Alkan-3 C02 decline curve
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
August 2015 September
2015
October 2015 November
2015
March 2016 April 2016 May.16 June.16 July.16 August 2016 September
2016
CO2Flowrate,tph
Date
Alkan3
Alkan3
- Reservoir pressure drop 12 Bar
- Temperature is the same
- CO2 decline 5.7 tph to 5 tph 12 % CO2 decline
17. 16Alkan-3 vs Alkan-5 Decline rate Comparison
Alkan-3
• Kh (thickness-permeability) larger than Alkan-5
• Flowrate is 2.5 times larger than Alkan-5
• Pressure Drop : 12 Bar
• Cl concentration is lower than Alkan-5
• 12% decline in CO2 production
Alkan-5
• Lower kh & flowrate compare to Alkan-3
• Pressure drop 6 bar
• Higher Cl concentration compare to Alkan-3
• 77 % decline in CO2 production
Note :
*İnjection related water( base , ph:9) dominate decline rate in CO2 production.
*Larger kH means higher contact area for dissolution.
21. 20
CO2 emission from various types of power plants
WNA report 2011 & Hunt, 2000.
360 g/kWh
22. BAŞLIK
21
Origin of CO2 in Alaşehir geothermal field: meteoric water and formation dissolution
Exponential Decline Curve for CO2 decline rate
Parameters affecting CO2 decline rate :
Reinjection water dominate wells’ CO2 decline rate
Advantages of higher CO2 % in wellbore: High total steam rate, high Wellhead Pressure
Disadvantage of higher CO2% in wellbore: Flashing point is deeper (long tubing
installation) high mechanical problems risk
Gas emission in Alaşehir Geothermal Field is on the average of geothermal power plants
Although Geothermal power plants release CO2 to atmosphere they are still much cleaner
than fossil fuels
ConclusionandComments