This document discusses various topics related to politics including the different types of power and authority, forms of government, political systems, and factors that influence war and terrorism. It addresses concepts such as micro and macro politics, traditional vs rational-legal vs charismatic authority, types of governments like monarchies and dictatorships, and factors that can influence nations going to war or the use of terrorism. It also briefly outlines sections on voting patterns, interest groups, debates around who rules nations, and trends in geopolitics.

1. This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. A Down-to-Earth Approach 9/e SOCIOLOGY SOCIOLOGY Chapter 15: Politics

2. “ Power relations wherever they exist .” Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 What is Politics?

3. Micropolitics Exercise of Power in Everyday Life Macropolitics Exercise of Power Over a Large Group Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Micro and Macro Politics

4. Authority is Legitimate Power Illegitimate Power is Coercion Authority and Legitimate Violence Governments Have Exclusive Rights to Violence The Collapse of Authority Revolution Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Power, Authority, and Violence

5. Traditional Authority Authority Based on Tradition Rational-Legal Authority Authority Based on Written Rules Charismatic Authority Authority Freely and Graciously Given Threat Posed by Charismatic Leaders Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Power, Authority, and Violence

6. Authority as an Ideal Type Traditional, Rational-Legal, Charismatic Not Ideal or Desirable Necessarily Transfer of Authority Orderly from One Leader to Another Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Power, Authority, and Violence

7. Monarchies Democracies Direct Representative Universal Citizenship Dictatorships and Oligarchies Totalitarianism Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Types of Governments

8. Political Parties and Elections Democrats, Republicans, and Third Parties Primaries and Elections Centrism and Extremes Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 U.S. Political System

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10. Elections are Not Winner-Take-All Based on System of Proportional Representation Encourages Non-Centrist Parties Coalition Governments Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Democratic Systems in Europe

11. Non-Hispanic Whites Most Likely to Vote African-Americans Next Most Likely Latinos Least Likely to Vote Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Voting Patterns

12. Social Integration Alienation and Apathy Gender and Racial-Ethnic Gap in Voting Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Voting Patterns

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14. Special Interest Groups are People Who Think Alike on a Particular Issue and Mobilize for Political Action Lobbyists are People Paid to Influence Legislation Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Lobbyists and Special Interests

15. Elections are Expensive Senate Campaign about $5,000,000 House Campaign about $1,000,000 PACs Contribute and are Owed Criticisms of Lobbyists and PACs Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 PACs in U.S. Elections

16. Functionalist Perspective: Pluralism Diffusion of Power Among Many Checks and Balances Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Who Rules the U.S.?

17. Conflict Perspective: The Power Elite Top Business, Political, and Military Leaders Ruling Class Not a Secret Group, Just Similar Backgrounds and Orientations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Who Rules the U.S.?

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19. Is War Universal? Human Aggression and Killing, Yes War, No How Common is War? Humans Long for Peace but Glorify War War is Very Common and Frequent Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 War and Terrorism

20. Why do Nations go to War? Revenge Power Prestige Unity Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 War and Terrorism Positions Ethnicity Beliefs

21. Cost of War Toll in Lives Toll in Dollars Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 War and Terrorism

22. Increased Emotional Distance Emphasis on Following Orders Inability to Resist Pressures Diminished Sense of Responsibility Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Dehumanization

23. Blaming the Victim Struggle Between Good and Evil Success and Failure of Dehumanization Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Dehumanization

24. Terrorism “ The use of violence to create fear in an effort to bring about political objectives.” Suicide Terrorism Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 War and Terrorism

25. Selling War Technology Making Alignments Protecting Interests Child Soldiers Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Sowing the Seeds

26. Major Trends Obstacles to Unity Domination by the Elite Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 New World Order?

27. A Down-to-Earth Approach 9/e SOCIOLOGY SOCIOLOGY Chapter 15: Politics