Childbirth is generally time of joy for parents and families. As per the medical reports each year 4 million newborns die within 28 days of birth and more suffer from disability, disease, infection and injury. The enabling environment for safe childbirth depends on the care and attention required to newborns by health personnel and the availability of adequate health-care facilities, equipment, and medicines and emergency care when needed. Neonatal monitoring refers to the monitoring of vital physiological parameters of premature infants. Continuous health monitoring of the neonates provides crucial parameters for early detection of adverse events. Health monitoring for the neonates provides crucial parameters for urgent diagnoses and corresponding medical procedures, subsequently increasing the survival rates. In the present paper, we propose a proto type design of a neonatal monitoring system. The system is designed and integrated with different health measurement and display devices. The prototype design is very much useful for monitor the physiological parameters of infants.
This document describes the creation of an IoT device in the form of an infant wristband that monitors vital signs such as heart rate and blood oxygen levels. The goal is to reduce infant mortality rates by continuously monitoring infants and alerting parents and doctors to any complications. The wristband shares patient data through the cloud. Future work will integrate an ECG circuit without increasing the device size, further eliminate environmental factors, and improve data security and battery management since it is an IoT device.
This document discusses the use of Kirlian photography, also known as gas discharge visualization (GDV), to diagnose diseases by capturing images of the human aura or bioenergy field. It provides background on the development of Kirlian cameras and the GDV Bio-Well camera, which can take aura photographs digitally in daylight conditions. The document presents examples of healthy versus broken aura photographs and describes how breaks or disturbances in the aura can indicate future health issues based on their location. It proposes using Kirlian photography every six months to predict and prevent major diseases, especially for those under high stress. The goal is to integrate these alternative diagnostic methods with advances from the Human Genome Project.
An incubator maintains an environment suitable for neonates by heating and humidifying air. It is used in preterm births or for ill full-term babies. The incubator heats air which passes over water, increasing humidity before flowing into the baby compartment. A thermostat regulates the temperature. The incubator monitors the baby's temperature, respiration, oxygen levels, and more to care for premature or sick infants.
An incubator is a heated and humidified apparatus used to maintain an appropriate environmental temperature for newborn infants, especially those who are premature or sick. It allows close monitoring and helps regulate an infant's temperature. To use an incubator, it is first pre-heated to the desired temperature as prescribed by the physician. The undressed infant is then placed inside and the temperature is monitored hourly and compared to the infant's axillary or rectal temperature. Any abnormal temperatures should be reported.
This document provides guidance on caring for a child in an incubator. The main purposes of an incubator are to maintain the infant's temperature, humidity, oxygen levels, and to allow for close observation. Key steps in caring for a baby in an incubator include preparing the incubator to the appropriate temperature, accessing the baby through portholes while limiting full door openings, monitoring the baby's temperature regularly, and adjusting the incubator temperature gradually as needed to keep the baby between 36.5-37.2 degrees Celsius. Proper cleaning and sterilization of the incubator is also important to prevent infections.
This document provides information on incubators and the care of infants placed in incubators. It defines an incubator as an environment used to maintain temperature and humidity for high-risk newborns. The main purposes of an incubator are to regulate temperature and humidity, provide oxygenation, allow for observation of sick infants, and isolate newborns from infection. Indications for incubator care include prematurity, low birth weight, hypothermia, sickness, and transportation between locations. The document describes the parts of an incubator and procedures for placing an infant in an incubator and providing ongoing care.
The document discusses the basics of neonatal ventilation. It explains that ventilation is used to provide oxygenation, remove carbon dioxide, and assist breathing in neonates. Key parameters discussed include peak inspiratory pressure, positive end expiratory pressure, compliance, resistance, tidal volume, and minute volume. Different modes of ventilation are also summarized, including their advantages and limitations. The importance of synchronization between the ventilator and patient's breathing is emphasized to reduce work of breathing and other complications.
This document describes the creation of an IoT device in the form of an infant wristband that monitors vital signs such as heart rate and blood oxygen levels. The goal is to reduce infant mortality rates by continuously monitoring infants and alerting parents and doctors to any complications. The wristband shares patient data through the cloud. Future work will integrate an ECG circuit without increasing the device size, further eliminate environmental factors, and improve data security and battery management since it is an IoT device.
This document discusses the use of Kirlian photography, also known as gas discharge visualization (GDV), to diagnose diseases by capturing images of the human aura or bioenergy field. It provides background on the development of Kirlian cameras and the GDV Bio-Well camera, which can take aura photographs digitally in daylight conditions. The document presents examples of healthy versus broken aura photographs and describes how breaks or disturbances in the aura can indicate future health issues based on their location. It proposes using Kirlian photography every six months to predict and prevent major diseases, especially for those under high stress. The goal is to integrate these alternative diagnostic methods with advances from the Human Genome Project.
An incubator maintains an environment suitable for neonates by heating and humidifying air. It is used in preterm births or for ill full-term babies. The incubator heats air which passes over water, increasing humidity before flowing into the baby compartment. A thermostat regulates the temperature. The incubator monitors the baby's temperature, respiration, oxygen levels, and more to care for premature or sick infants.
An incubator is a heated and humidified apparatus used to maintain an appropriate environmental temperature for newborn infants, especially those who are premature or sick. It allows close monitoring and helps regulate an infant's temperature. To use an incubator, it is first pre-heated to the desired temperature as prescribed by the physician. The undressed infant is then placed inside and the temperature is monitored hourly and compared to the infant's axillary or rectal temperature. Any abnormal temperatures should be reported.
This document provides guidance on caring for a child in an incubator. The main purposes of an incubator are to maintain the infant's temperature, humidity, oxygen levels, and to allow for close observation. Key steps in caring for a baby in an incubator include preparing the incubator to the appropriate temperature, accessing the baby through portholes while limiting full door openings, monitoring the baby's temperature regularly, and adjusting the incubator temperature gradually as needed to keep the baby between 36.5-37.2 degrees Celsius. Proper cleaning and sterilization of the incubator is also important to prevent infections.
This document provides information on incubators and the care of infants placed in incubators. It defines an incubator as an environment used to maintain temperature and humidity for high-risk newborns. The main purposes of an incubator are to regulate temperature and humidity, provide oxygenation, allow for observation of sick infants, and isolate newborns from infection. Indications for incubator care include prematurity, low birth weight, hypothermia, sickness, and transportation between locations. The document describes the parts of an incubator and procedures for placing an infant in an incubator and providing ongoing care.
The document discusses the basics of neonatal ventilation. It explains that ventilation is used to provide oxygenation, remove carbon dioxide, and assist breathing in neonates. Key parameters discussed include peak inspiratory pressure, positive end expiratory pressure, compliance, resistance, tidal volume, and minute volume. Different modes of ventilation are also summarized, including their advantages and limitations. The importance of synchronization between the ventilator and patient's breathing is emphasized to reduce work of breathing and other complications.
The document discusses various techniques for invasive and non-invasive neonatal ventilation. It describes conventional mechanical ventilation modes like CMV, IMV, SIMV and newer modes like pressure support ventilation and proportional assist ventilation. It also covers high frequency ventilation, CPAP and newer non-invasive techniques like NIPPV and SNIPPV which aim to provide respiratory support without intubation. The goals, mechanisms, settings and potential complications of different ventilation strategies are outlined.
Shaker incubator manufacturer in chennai|india|bangalore|hyderabad|pune|delhi...velswamy
The Top Roofing contractors in Chennai are Sole Proprietorship (Individual) based firm, engaged as the trader and wholesaler of Roofing Contractors, Roofing Shed, Terrace Roofing and many more. Our Unique Selling Point is providing the best quality and Durable Goods in Reasonable Price.
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By combining the wireless network and E-commerce, suppliers can provide a more convenient and quicker
service on a human scale for their customers. The main advantages of such services are their high availability,
independence of physical location and time. Mobile commerce raises a number of security and privacy
challenges. However, security has always been the key issue for the development of mobile E-commerce, which
is more vulnerable than the traditional E-commerce mode. . In order to solve the problem of security gap in the
transmission of mobile E-commerce information, a framework based on J2ME/MIDP is proposed, which
combines double layer encryption schemes, stego-image and secure XML messages which transferred between
the mobile terminal and the server. Our method provide strong secure and invisible communication with high
security and high operating efficiency that compatible with many types of mobile terminal.
Optimization of Combined Conductive and Convective Heat Transfer Model of Col...IJERA Editor
Energy crisis is one of the most important problems the world is facing now-a-days. With the increase of cost of
electrical energy operating cost of cold storage storing is increasing which forces the increased cost price of the
commodities that are kept. In this situation if the maximum heat energy (Q) is absorbed by the evaporator inside
the cold room through conductive and convective heat transfer process in terms of –heat transfer due to
conduction, convection and heat transfer due to condensation, more energy has to be wasted to maintain the
evaporator space at the desired temperature range of 2- 8 degree centigrade. In this paper we have proposed a
theoretical heat transfer in cold storage due to conduction and convection process using Taguchi L9 orthogonal
array. Thickness of insulation wall of cold storage (X), Temperature difference (dT), Relative Humidity (RH) are
the basic variable and three ranges are taken each of them in the model development. Graphical interpretations
from the model justify the reality.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document presents a study on using an artificial neural network technique for flux position estimation and sector selection in direct torque control of an induction motor. Direct torque control aims to provide quick torque response without complex transformations but suffers from high torque ripples. The proposed method uses a neural network for flux position estimation and sector selection to determine the optimal voltage vector, with the goal of reducing torque and flux ripples. The neural network structure is simple to facilitate short training and processing times. Simulation results show the neural network based controller provides high performance speed control of the induction motor.
Research on Privacy Protection in Big Data EnvironmentIJERA Editor
Now big data has become a hot topic in academia and industry, it is affecting the mode of thinking and working, daily life. But there are many security risks in data collection, storage and use. Privacy leakage caused serious problems to the user, false data will lead to error results of big data analysis. This paper first introduces the security problems faced by big data,analyzes the causes of privacy problems,discussesthe principle to solve the problem. Finally,discusses technical means for privacy protection.
Design and Analysis of the Effect of a Modified Valve with Helical Guideways ...IJERA Editor
The in-cylinder flow of an Internal Combustion Engine(ICE) has drawn much attention of the automotive
researchers and scientists in the present time. A good swirl promotes fast combustion and improves the
efficiency. Based upon this concept, this paper describes the results of a study conducted to investigate the
effects of a “modified valve with helical guide ways” on the performance of combustion. Small internal
combustion engine is designed to be part of a very efficient vehicle to enter a consumption marathon. The
engine should run at low speeds, in order to have low mechanical losses but combustion should be fast, enabling
good combustion efficiency. Therefore, high turbulence is required prior to combustion within the cylinder,
hence the concept of swirl is introduced and its effect on the combustion within the cylinder has been
ascertained in the present work. Assessment of the effect of swirl on combustion performance within the
cylinder requires excessive experimentation by modifying the design of various components of combustion
chamber. Therefore, in the present work using the concept of CFD the simulation of combustion phenomenon
has been carried out and the output parameters in the form of swirl ratio has been assessed. The modelling of
combustion chamber has been carried out using CATIA software and the same is imported to analysis software
ANSYS- CFX module. Here, the performance of the model is assessed by the swirl ratio. The swirl ratio of the
modified valve (Valve with helical guide ways) is obtained as 1.45 which is much higher than a normal valve
with swirl ratio 0.65 as assessed from the present work.
Security Issues related with cloud computingIJERA Editor
The term CLOUD means Common Location Independent Online Utility on Demand. It‟s an emerging technology in IT industries. Cloud technologies are improving day by day and now it become a need for all small and large scale industries. Companies like Google, Amazon, Microsoft etc. is providing virtualized environment for user by which it omits the need for physical storage and others. But as the advantage of cloud computing is increasing day by day the issues are also threatening the IT industries. These issues related with the security of the data. The basic idea of this review paper is to elaborate the security issues related with cloud computing and what methods are implemented to improve these security. Certain algorithms like RSA, DES, and Ceaser Cipher etc. implemented to improve the security issues. In this paper we have implemented Identity based mRSA algorithm in this paper for improving security of data.
In this paper Low power low voltage CMOS analog multiplier circuit is proposed. It is based on flipped voltage
follower. It consists of four voltage adders and a multiplier core. The circuit is analyzed and designed in 0.18um
CMOS process model and simulation results have shown that, under single 0.9V supply voltage, and it
consumes only 31.8μW quiescent power and 110MHZ bandwidth.
Thermal Simulation of Biogas Plants Using Mat LabIJERA Editor
The major prerequisite for the optimum production of methane from a biogas plant is the sustenance of digester temperature within the narrow limits (300C-350C). It is experimentally investigated that, the MIT biogas plant is not maintaining optimum temperature, this decreases the efficiency and increases the detention time for charge. To maintain the plant in optimum temperature, it is necessary to find out the heat losses from the biogas plant and the external energy inputs need to operate the plant. Rate of gas yield, and the detention time (time necessary to anaerobically digest organic wastes) in a biogas reactor, are favorable functions of the temperature in the digester. A thermal simulation for MIT biogas plant has developed using matlab in order to understand the heat transfer from the slurry and the gas holder to the surrounding earth and air respectively. The computation has been performed when the slurry is maintained at 200C and 300C, optimum temperature of anaerobic fermentation. If the slurry is considered to be at 350C, the optimum temperature of anaerobic fermentation, the total heat loss from the plant is higher than the heat loss when the slurry is maintained at 200C. The heat calculations provide an appraisal for the heat which has to be supplied by external means to compensate for the net heat losses which occur if the slurry is to be maintained at 350C. A solar system with auxiliary electric heater is designed for maintaining the slurry at 350C.In conclusion; the results of thermal analysis are used to define a strategy for operating biogas plant at optimum temperatures.
This document discusses integrated green roof systems and their role in achieving sustainability in residential buildings. It provides background on green roofs, including their history and types. Green roofs can provide environmental benefits like reducing energy consumption and improving indoor thermal comfort. The document examines two residential buildings in Athens, Greece that utilize green roofs and discusses strategies for integrating green roofs in residential buildings in Famagusta, North Cyprus to achieve sustainability goals like energy efficiency.
Optimization of Patrol Manpower Allocation Using Goal Programming Approach -A...IJERA Editor
One of the most difficult tasks of the patrol administrators is allocation of manpower; i.e. determining the. most
effective level of operational manpower for patrol tasks. Typically, administrators resolve the allocation
problem by relying on prior statistical data and by employing subjective analysis. In general, only limited
systematic analyses have been applied to the problem. This thesis presents a non linear goal programming model
for allocating patrolmen to road segments within a patrol region. The model is demonstrated via a case example
of the East section of Visakhapatnam. The results of the model are valuable to the patrol administrator for
considering departmental goals and priority structure, in addition to available historical data, in the assignment
of patrol manpower for a given urban area.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Building Development Practice in Flood Prone Area: Case of Ogbaru Council Are...IJERA Editor
This study examined the practice of building development in flood prone areas and how it has contributed to the menace of flooding in Ogbaru Council Area of Anambra State Nigeria. It was a survey research where questionnaires were distributed to heads of the selected households, in addition to physical observations on buildings within the selected households. Four towns out of sixteen towns that made up Ogbaru Council Area of Anambra State were purposefully selected. From these towns, 96 households each were randomly selected and a total of 384 questionnaires were administered to the head of each household or their representative, whereas 242 copies were completed, returned and found useful, thus, giving a response rate of 62.92%. The study found that siting of buildings on waterways, flood channels/plains, inadequate/lack of drains in the compounds, lack of planning restriction/developmental control, size of the building/area occupied by the building among others contribute greatly to the incessant flood menace in the study area. The study therefore deduced that some building practices such as those identified above have the ability of exacerbating the velocity and rate of flooding in the area which turned into natural disaster, and thus, recommended strict enforcement of building and urban development laws and control in the state to reduce indiscriminate erecting of building structures on waterways, including planlessness of our emerging urban centres.
Solar energy fails to hold widespread use due to its low efficiency and high maintenance costs from dust settling on panels. However, these issues can be addressed by an electrostatic dust removal mechanism and using perovskites. The mechanism involves electrically charging dust particles so that they are repelled from the solar panel's surface. Additionally, forming an opaque perovskite layer over panels can increase efficiency. When both methods are combined, efficiency increases drastically and makes solar energy more practical for large-scale use.
A-Well defined raw material specifications of product and its components, a k...IJERA Editor
New product design and development indeed needs long termvision for better product life and hence to have
better product features the design team has to take into consideration various techno-commercial aspects
todesign and develop most adequate new product. Normally in case of new product design all related activities
are initiated by the team of technicians under the directive jointly given by top and marketing management of
the concerned organization. Due to global competition in the market the product requirements are needed to be
carefully identified so as to make the product more user friendly to the customers. Considering this it is quite
obvious that top priority is for product performance considerations at the same time they have to establish the
product cost to make it more competent in the market. Due to these constraints recently the design and
development function has no more remained the responsibility technocrats but it has become techno-commercial
activity. One should treat this as design and development joint activity to be performed by the dedicated team of
techno-commercial people who are well equipped with sound technical knowledge so as to design the best
possible product. Due to this reason the primary design activity is seen to be interfacing with various
departments such as Marketing, Materials, Tool room ,Manufacturing, Vendor development and many other
related departments and valuable in puts from them are badly needed at the initial phase of product design and
development. This helps in identifying the product needs at various manufacturing stages well in advance. This
ultimately helps the design department to deliver the most adequate product with no operational problems and
product is ready to satisfy customer’s needs which ultimately leads to growth of organization through smooth
product life cycle management.
The behavior of hybrid reinforced concrete after heat resistanceIJERA Editor
This study is trying to provide the behavior of concrete when additional fibers are added under the effect of
evaluated temperatures. Three types of polypropylene fibers are used with different length respectively 3 mm, 6
mm and 12 mm and two types of steel fibers are used of length respectively of 3cm and 5 cm. Hybrid specimens
of concrete are prepared by using two different combinations: 0.5% steel fibers in combination with 0.2%
polypropylene fibers by the volume of concrete; and 0.25% of steel fibers in combination with 0.1%
polypropylene fibers by the volume of concrete. The specimens were subject to different temperatures. An
electric furnace was used to heat the specimens up to 200 0C, 400 0C and 600 0C. The mass loss and compressive
strength were determined by using twelve different mixtures.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a content-based image retrieval system using cascaded color and texture features. Color features are first extracted from images using statistical measures like mean, standard deviation, energy, entropy, skewness and kurtosis. Similarity to a query image is then measured using distance metrics. The top 150 most similar images are then analyzed to extract Haralick texture features. Similarity is again measured to retrieve the most relevant images. The paper finds that Canberra distance provides better retrieval results than other distance metrics like City Block and Minkowski.
Organization, Transportation, Setting and Management of Neonatal Intensive Ca...Lipi Mondal
The document discusses neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and risk factors for nosocomial infections in NICUs. It notes that premature neonates are more likely to develop infections compared to full-term babies. Prolonged intravenous therapy and hospitalization are also associated with increased risk of infection. Common infections seen in NICUs include sepsis and primary bacteremia. Adherence to aseptic techniques and limiting invasive procedures/devices can help reduce nosocomial infections in these units.
The document discusses the organization and planning of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and pediatric wards. It emphasizes the importance of involving pediatricians and nurses in the planning process to meet infant needs. Key factors in planning include asepsis, thermoregulation, nutrition, safety, and minimizing noise and stimulation. Ideal units have adequate space and facilities for oxygen, suction, monitoring, and maintaining temperature and humidity levels. Staffing plans, equipment, and transportation of sick infants are also outlined. The roles and responsibilities of nurses in providing physical, emotional and family support are highlighted.
The document discusses various techniques for invasive and non-invasive neonatal ventilation. It describes conventional mechanical ventilation modes like CMV, IMV, SIMV and newer modes like pressure support ventilation and proportional assist ventilation. It also covers high frequency ventilation, CPAP and newer non-invasive techniques like NIPPV and SNIPPV which aim to provide respiratory support without intubation. The goals, mechanisms, settings and potential complications of different ventilation strategies are outlined.
Shaker incubator manufacturer in chennai|india|bangalore|hyderabad|pune|delhi...velswamy
The Top Roofing contractors in Chennai are Sole Proprietorship (Individual) based firm, engaged as the trader and wholesaler of Roofing Contractors, Roofing Shed, Terrace Roofing and many more. Our Unique Selling Point is providing the best quality and Durable Goods in Reasonable Price.
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By combining the wireless network and E-commerce, suppliers can provide a more convenient and quicker
service on a human scale for their customers. The main advantages of such services are their high availability,
independence of physical location and time. Mobile commerce raises a number of security and privacy
challenges. However, security has always been the key issue for the development of mobile E-commerce, which
is more vulnerable than the traditional E-commerce mode. . In order to solve the problem of security gap in the
transmission of mobile E-commerce information, a framework based on J2ME/MIDP is proposed, which
combines double layer encryption schemes, stego-image and secure XML messages which transferred between
the mobile terminal and the server. Our method provide strong secure and invisible communication with high
security and high operating efficiency that compatible with many types of mobile terminal.
Optimization of Combined Conductive and Convective Heat Transfer Model of Col...IJERA Editor
Energy crisis is one of the most important problems the world is facing now-a-days. With the increase of cost of
electrical energy operating cost of cold storage storing is increasing which forces the increased cost price of the
commodities that are kept. In this situation if the maximum heat energy (Q) is absorbed by the evaporator inside
the cold room through conductive and convective heat transfer process in terms of –heat transfer due to
conduction, convection and heat transfer due to condensation, more energy has to be wasted to maintain the
evaporator space at the desired temperature range of 2- 8 degree centigrade. In this paper we have proposed a
theoretical heat transfer in cold storage due to conduction and convection process using Taguchi L9 orthogonal
array. Thickness of insulation wall of cold storage (X), Temperature difference (dT), Relative Humidity (RH) are
the basic variable and three ranges are taken each of them in the model development. Graphical interpretations
from the model justify the reality.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document presents a study on using an artificial neural network technique for flux position estimation and sector selection in direct torque control of an induction motor. Direct torque control aims to provide quick torque response without complex transformations but suffers from high torque ripples. The proposed method uses a neural network for flux position estimation and sector selection to determine the optimal voltage vector, with the goal of reducing torque and flux ripples. The neural network structure is simple to facilitate short training and processing times. Simulation results show the neural network based controller provides high performance speed control of the induction motor.
Research on Privacy Protection in Big Data EnvironmentIJERA Editor
Now big data has become a hot topic in academia and industry, it is affecting the mode of thinking and working, daily life. But there are many security risks in data collection, storage and use. Privacy leakage caused serious problems to the user, false data will lead to error results of big data analysis. This paper first introduces the security problems faced by big data,analyzes the causes of privacy problems,discussesthe principle to solve the problem. Finally,discusses technical means for privacy protection.
Design and Analysis of the Effect of a Modified Valve with Helical Guideways ...IJERA Editor
The in-cylinder flow of an Internal Combustion Engine(ICE) has drawn much attention of the automotive
researchers and scientists in the present time. A good swirl promotes fast combustion and improves the
efficiency. Based upon this concept, this paper describes the results of a study conducted to investigate the
effects of a “modified valve with helical guide ways” on the performance of combustion. Small internal
combustion engine is designed to be part of a very efficient vehicle to enter a consumption marathon. The
engine should run at low speeds, in order to have low mechanical losses but combustion should be fast, enabling
good combustion efficiency. Therefore, high turbulence is required prior to combustion within the cylinder,
hence the concept of swirl is introduced and its effect on the combustion within the cylinder has been
ascertained in the present work. Assessment of the effect of swirl on combustion performance within the
cylinder requires excessive experimentation by modifying the design of various components of combustion
chamber. Therefore, in the present work using the concept of CFD the simulation of combustion phenomenon
has been carried out and the output parameters in the form of swirl ratio has been assessed. The modelling of
combustion chamber has been carried out using CATIA software and the same is imported to analysis software
ANSYS- CFX module. Here, the performance of the model is assessed by the swirl ratio. The swirl ratio of the
modified valve (Valve with helical guide ways) is obtained as 1.45 which is much higher than a normal valve
with swirl ratio 0.65 as assessed from the present work.
Security Issues related with cloud computingIJERA Editor
The term CLOUD means Common Location Independent Online Utility on Demand. It‟s an emerging technology in IT industries. Cloud technologies are improving day by day and now it become a need for all small and large scale industries. Companies like Google, Amazon, Microsoft etc. is providing virtualized environment for user by which it omits the need for physical storage and others. But as the advantage of cloud computing is increasing day by day the issues are also threatening the IT industries. These issues related with the security of the data. The basic idea of this review paper is to elaborate the security issues related with cloud computing and what methods are implemented to improve these security. Certain algorithms like RSA, DES, and Ceaser Cipher etc. implemented to improve the security issues. In this paper we have implemented Identity based mRSA algorithm in this paper for improving security of data.
In this paper Low power low voltage CMOS analog multiplier circuit is proposed. It is based on flipped voltage
follower. It consists of four voltage adders and a multiplier core. The circuit is analyzed and designed in 0.18um
CMOS process model and simulation results have shown that, under single 0.9V supply voltage, and it
consumes only 31.8μW quiescent power and 110MHZ bandwidth.
Thermal Simulation of Biogas Plants Using Mat LabIJERA Editor
The major prerequisite for the optimum production of methane from a biogas plant is the sustenance of digester temperature within the narrow limits (300C-350C). It is experimentally investigated that, the MIT biogas plant is not maintaining optimum temperature, this decreases the efficiency and increases the detention time for charge. To maintain the plant in optimum temperature, it is necessary to find out the heat losses from the biogas plant and the external energy inputs need to operate the plant. Rate of gas yield, and the detention time (time necessary to anaerobically digest organic wastes) in a biogas reactor, are favorable functions of the temperature in the digester. A thermal simulation for MIT biogas plant has developed using matlab in order to understand the heat transfer from the slurry and the gas holder to the surrounding earth and air respectively. The computation has been performed when the slurry is maintained at 200C and 300C, optimum temperature of anaerobic fermentation. If the slurry is considered to be at 350C, the optimum temperature of anaerobic fermentation, the total heat loss from the plant is higher than the heat loss when the slurry is maintained at 200C. The heat calculations provide an appraisal for the heat which has to be supplied by external means to compensate for the net heat losses which occur if the slurry is to be maintained at 350C. A solar system with auxiliary electric heater is designed for maintaining the slurry at 350C.In conclusion; the results of thermal analysis are used to define a strategy for operating biogas plant at optimum temperatures.
This document discusses integrated green roof systems and their role in achieving sustainability in residential buildings. It provides background on green roofs, including their history and types. Green roofs can provide environmental benefits like reducing energy consumption and improving indoor thermal comfort. The document examines two residential buildings in Athens, Greece that utilize green roofs and discusses strategies for integrating green roofs in residential buildings in Famagusta, North Cyprus to achieve sustainability goals like energy efficiency.
Optimization of Patrol Manpower Allocation Using Goal Programming Approach -A...IJERA Editor
One of the most difficult tasks of the patrol administrators is allocation of manpower; i.e. determining the. most
effective level of operational manpower for patrol tasks. Typically, administrators resolve the allocation
problem by relying on prior statistical data and by employing subjective analysis. In general, only limited
systematic analyses have been applied to the problem. This thesis presents a non linear goal programming model
for allocating patrolmen to road segments within a patrol region. The model is demonstrated via a case example
of the East section of Visakhapatnam. The results of the model are valuable to the patrol administrator for
considering departmental goals and priority structure, in addition to available historical data, in the assignment
of patrol manpower for a given urban area.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Building Development Practice in Flood Prone Area: Case of Ogbaru Council Are...IJERA Editor
This study examined the practice of building development in flood prone areas and how it has contributed to the menace of flooding in Ogbaru Council Area of Anambra State Nigeria. It was a survey research where questionnaires were distributed to heads of the selected households, in addition to physical observations on buildings within the selected households. Four towns out of sixteen towns that made up Ogbaru Council Area of Anambra State were purposefully selected. From these towns, 96 households each were randomly selected and a total of 384 questionnaires were administered to the head of each household or their representative, whereas 242 copies were completed, returned and found useful, thus, giving a response rate of 62.92%. The study found that siting of buildings on waterways, flood channels/plains, inadequate/lack of drains in the compounds, lack of planning restriction/developmental control, size of the building/area occupied by the building among others contribute greatly to the incessant flood menace in the study area. The study therefore deduced that some building practices such as those identified above have the ability of exacerbating the velocity and rate of flooding in the area which turned into natural disaster, and thus, recommended strict enforcement of building and urban development laws and control in the state to reduce indiscriminate erecting of building structures on waterways, including planlessness of our emerging urban centres.
Solar energy fails to hold widespread use due to its low efficiency and high maintenance costs from dust settling on panels. However, these issues can be addressed by an electrostatic dust removal mechanism and using perovskites. The mechanism involves electrically charging dust particles so that they are repelled from the solar panel's surface. Additionally, forming an opaque perovskite layer over panels can increase efficiency. When both methods are combined, efficiency increases drastically and makes solar energy more practical for large-scale use.
A-Well defined raw material specifications of product and its components, a k...IJERA Editor
New product design and development indeed needs long termvision for better product life and hence to have
better product features the design team has to take into consideration various techno-commercial aspects
todesign and develop most adequate new product. Normally in case of new product design all related activities
are initiated by the team of technicians under the directive jointly given by top and marketing management of
the concerned organization. Due to global competition in the market the product requirements are needed to be
carefully identified so as to make the product more user friendly to the customers. Considering this it is quite
obvious that top priority is for product performance considerations at the same time they have to establish the
product cost to make it more competent in the market. Due to these constraints recently the design and
development function has no more remained the responsibility technocrats but it has become techno-commercial
activity. One should treat this as design and development joint activity to be performed by the dedicated team of
techno-commercial people who are well equipped with sound technical knowledge so as to design the best
possible product. Due to this reason the primary design activity is seen to be interfacing with various
departments such as Marketing, Materials, Tool room ,Manufacturing, Vendor development and many other
related departments and valuable in puts from them are badly needed at the initial phase of product design and
development. This helps in identifying the product needs at various manufacturing stages well in advance. This
ultimately helps the design department to deliver the most adequate product with no operational problems and
product is ready to satisfy customer’s needs which ultimately leads to growth of organization through smooth
product life cycle management.
The behavior of hybrid reinforced concrete after heat resistanceIJERA Editor
This study is trying to provide the behavior of concrete when additional fibers are added under the effect of
evaluated temperatures. Three types of polypropylene fibers are used with different length respectively 3 mm, 6
mm and 12 mm and two types of steel fibers are used of length respectively of 3cm and 5 cm. Hybrid specimens
of concrete are prepared by using two different combinations: 0.5% steel fibers in combination with 0.2%
polypropylene fibers by the volume of concrete; and 0.25% of steel fibers in combination with 0.1%
polypropylene fibers by the volume of concrete. The specimens were subject to different temperatures. An
electric furnace was used to heat the specimens up to 200 0C, 400 0C and 600 0C. The mass loss and compressive
strength were determined by using twelve different mixtures.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a content-based image retrieval system using cascaded color and texture features. Color features are first extracted from images using statistical measures like mean, standard deviation, energy, entropy, skewness and kurtosis. Similarity to a query image is then measured using distance metrics. The top 150 most similar images are then analyzed to extract Haralick texture features. Similarity is again measured to retrieve the most relevant images. The paper finds that Canberra distance provides better retrieval results than other distance metrics like City Block and Minkowski.
Organization, Transportation, Setting and Management of Neonatal Intensive Ca...Lipi Mondal
The document discusses neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and risk factors for nosocomial infections in NICUs. It notes that premature neonates are more likely to develop infections compared to full-term babies. Prolonged intravenous therapy and hospitalization are also associated with increased risk of infection. Common infections seen in NICUs include sepsis and primary bacteremia. Adherence to aseptic techniques and limiting invasive procedures/devices can help reduce nosocomial infections in these units.
The document discusses the organization and planning of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and pediatric wards. It emphasizes the importance of involving pediatricians and nurses in the planning process to meet infant needs. Key factors in planning include asepsis, thermoregulation, nutrition, safety, and minimizing noise and stimulation. Ideal units have adequate space and facilities for oxygen, suction, monitoring, and maintaining temperature and humidity levels. Staffing plans, equipment, and transportation of sick infants are also outlined. The roles and responsibilities of nurses in providing physical, emotional and family support are highlighted.
This document discusses guidelines for modernizing the setup of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). It begins by defining NICUs as units that care for critically ill newborns, while PICUs care for critically ill children over 1 month old. The document then outlines the learning objectives, need for these units given mortality rates, categories of care provided, and guidelines for the general preparation, physical setup, and administrative setup of NICU/PICU units. These guidelines address location, space, ventilation, temperature, diagnostic facilities, personnel, and additional recommended facilities. The goal is to provide high-quality intensive care to improve survival rates of neonates and children.
Intelligent neonatal monitoring system based on android application using mul...CloudTechnologies
Intelligent neonatal monitoring system based on android application using multi sensors
Cloud Technologies providing Complete Solution for all
Academic Projects Final Year/Semester Student Projects
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This document provides clinical care guidelines for the management of children presenting with symptoms or signs of acute encephalitis syndrome, with a focus on Japanese encephalitis. It was created by an international working group including experts from WHO, PATH, universities, and other organizations working on Japanese encephalitis. The guidelines are intended to guide the assessment and management of acutely ill children, especially those with fever, altered mental status, seizures, or other symptoms suggesting meningitis or encephalitis. They promote evidence-based and syndromic approaches to support rational and affordable therapy. The guidelines also discuss potential complications, medications, and include appendices with tools to aid assessment and management. Facilities should adapt the guidelines based on local illnesses,
Observation report NICU (New Born Intensive Care Unit) word file sonal patel
The document provides information about the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at Civil Hospital where the author was placed. It describes the objectives of the NICU as improving conditions for critically ill newborns and providing training to medical and nursing staff. It outlines the different levels of care (I, II, III) available and describes some of the key equipment used, including radiant warmers, pulse oximeters, and phototherapy units.
This document describes an ICU management system that allows bystanders to view updates on patients' conditions. The system includes:
1. A report module where doctors and nurses can update reports after rounds that provide information on the patient's status in understandable terms for bystanders.
2. A vitals update module where the patient's frequent readings like temperature, oxygen levels, blood pressure are displayed.
3. A consent module where bystanders can approve consent for emergencies remotely.
4. An alert module that notifies of any changes in heart rate or life-threatening conditions. Contact information for blood banks and ambulances is also included.
The system aims to inform bystanders
Introduction: Though there are many studies on the effects of anesthesia methods used for cesarean section on the newborn,
research on this topic still continues. In our prospective observational study, we investigated the effects of different anesthesia techniques used in routine cesarean deliveries on early neonatal outcomes in our hospital. This prospective, observational, randomized study included a total of 222 ASA II risk group pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section at term (38-41 weeks’ gestation) without fetal distress. The women were randomized into three groups. In the general anesthesia with propofol group (Group P, n = 74), anesthesia was induced with 2 mg∙kg-1 propofol and 0.6-0.9 mg∙kg-1
rocuronium. In the general anesthesia with thiopental sodium group (Group T, n = 74), anesthesia was induced with 5 mg∙kg-1 thiopental sodium and 0.6-0.9 mg∙kg-1 rocuronium. Women in the spinal anesthesia group (Group SA, n = 74) were administered 0.5% (10 mg) hypertonic bupivacaine and 10 mcg fentanyl.
Aim: To predict the probability of stone free status calculated by CROES nomogram and to test the accuracy of our fi tted regression model to predict outcomes of PCNL. Methods: From July 2018 to May 2019, data of 100 patients underwent PCNL procedure for renal stones at Urology department at Menoufi a University was collected and postoperative results were compared to the preoperative predicted stone free status. The CROES nomogram was applied to the data of all cases using its scale to calculate the total score and corresponding percent of stone free status after the procedure. We used binary logistic regression to test whether the six factors in the study can predict the PCNL outcome. We compared the calculated probabilities of stone free by our fitted regression model to the traditional method using the whole 6 parameters on the scale of nomogram.
Pediatric Nurses’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding Nursing Management of Pre...paperpublications3
Abstract: Prematurity used to be a major cause of infant deaths. The premature babies need improved medical and nursing techniques by highly competence nursing team.
Material and Methods: This descriptive hospital based study was conducted at Soba university hospital, Khartoum state in the period from January to March 2014. The study aimed at assessing the knowledge and practices of pediatric nurses in neonatal intensive care unit concerning nursing management of preterm babies. The sample size compromised of 50 nurses that constituted the total coverage of study population during the period of the study. Data were collected using structured interview questionnaire and observation check list designed f or the study. The data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Results:The results obtained that the majority of nurses were knowledgeable about the characteristics of preterm babies, causes of prematurity, immediate nursing care of preterm, signs of hypothermia were adequate (100%, 92%, 100%,100% respectively). Half of them (50%) identify the breathing pattern of preterm baby. The nurses clinical performance were inadequate where 70% of them recorded pulse rate only when recorded the baby pulse.100% did not wear mask, 80% find a difficulty on selecting appropriate vein for sampling . Also 48% of nurses gave feeding incorrect and 60% of them did not aspirate gastric contents before feeding.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the majority of pediatric nurses had adequate knowledge about prematurity, but they were lacking in their clinical skills to manage the preterm baby. So the study recommended continuous training programs for the nurses to refresh their knowledge and practices towards management of preterm babies to ideal standards.Keywords: Pediatric Nurses’ Knowledge, Practices Regarding Nursing Management, Premature Babies.
Title: Pediatric Nurses’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding Nursing Management of Premature Babies in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Soba University Hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan
Author: Widad Ibrahim A/gadir A/moula, Ietimad Ibrahim Abd Elrahman kambal
ISSN 2349-7823
International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)
Paper Publications
This document provides a case study on a 5-year old male patient diagnosed with pneumonia. It includes an introduction to pneumonia, the patient's data, health history, physical assessment findings, definitions of key terms, developmental tasks, anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, and pathophysiology of pneumonia. The objectives are to understand the patient's condition, underlying causes, appropriate medical and nursing interventions, and formulate a nursing care plan.
European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Paediatric Life SupportJavier González de Dios
The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) es el Consejo Interdisciplinario Europeo de Medicina de Reanimación y Atención Médica de Emergencia, que fue establecido en 1989 y cuyo objetivo es "preservar la vida humana poniendo a disposición de todos la reanimación cardiopulmonar de alta calidad".
Sus guías de práctica clínica (guidelines) son esperadas cada año con gran interés. Y acaban de aparecer las correspondientes al año 2021.
Pero los que más nos interesan como pediatras es el documento: European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Paediatric Life Support. Son 61 páginas de un documento que cabe leer y revisar con detenimiento para conocer los fundamentos actualizados de la reanimación cardiopulmonar pediátrica (de 0 a 18 años, exceptuando recién nacidos en el momento del parto). Pero en el cabe destacar los 5 mensajes clave de este nuevo documento y que vienen expuestos en esta tabla.
Wearable devices have the potential to provide valuable data for monitoring sleep and circadian rhythms, but many challenges remain. While actigraphy from wrist-worn devices can estimate sleep/wake patterns, polysomnography remains the gold standard. Consumer wearables often lack validation against clinical standards. Validated wearables could non-invasively measure sleep duration, quality, breathing, heart rate and more to help diagnose disorders. Barriers include lack of FDA approval and validation in real-world settings beyond small controlled studies. A proposed recommender system analyzed 24 volunteers' activity tracker data to provide tailored nudges to improve sleep habits based on hours, efficiency and satisfaction levels. Wearables show promise if challenges around reliability, validation
NICU CONCEPTS, STAFFING,PROTOCOLS, PHYSICAL LAYOUTJonils Macwan
The document provides information about the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It begins with welcoming parents to the NICU and congratulating them. It then discusses the concept, physical layout, nursing protocols, trends and procedures in the NICU. It provides details about NICU equipment, the roles of the healthcare team members, standards for unit configuration, location, family areas, safety and isolation rooms. The overall document aims to educate parents on what to expect in the NICU and how it is designed and operated to care for newborn infants requiring medical attention.
This document discusses the importance of follow-up care for high-risk newborns after discharge from the NICU. It outlines that follow-up should include regular medical examinations to monitor growth and development, screening tests, and neurobehavioral assessments. Follow-up care is most intensive for high-risk infants born prematurely or with very low birth weight, and can involve multiple specialists. The long-term goal is to identify any disabilities or delays early and provide intervention to prevent or reduce impairments.
3. Content of grant proposal_rev3_R.docxadhanefendi
The document discusses stress and energy expenditure monitoring in pregnant women. It proposes developing a wearable device called "MomiCare" consisting of various biosensors connected to a microcontroller and using machine learning. Data from sensors measuring ECG, GSR, PPG, skin temperature, respiration, and acceleration would be collected. Machine learning algorithms would analyze these parameters to predict stress levels and energy expenditure, providing warnings to maintain mother and fetus health. The focus is on designing accurate and comfortable sensors, collecting data, and processing it to comprehensively monitor stress and energy expenditure in pregnant women.
This document describes a device that uses a single accelerometer on a mother's abdomen to passively monitor both fetal and maternal health during pregnancy. The device aims to provide constant, long-term monitoring that medical professionals could otherwise miss due to infrequent health checks. It analyzes the accelerometer data to simultaneously measure the mother's respiratory patterns and detect fetal movements. Machine learning methods are used to identify and classify fetal movement patterns and maternal activity levels despite potential interference in the data. The goal is to create a low-cost, easy-to-use device that can effectively monitor pregnancy health with minimal supervision.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Neonatal Monitoring System
1. Suresh et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 7( Version 3), July 2014, pp.12-15
www.ijera.com 12 | P a g e
Neonatal Monitoring System L. Suresh1, N. Anju Latha2, B. Rama Murthy2, K. Tanveer Alam1,K. Jyothi Babu1 1 Department of Electronics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Department of Instrumentation, Sri Krishnadevaraya University ,Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India ABSTRACT Childbirth is generally time of joy for parents and families. As per the medical reports each year 4 million newborns die within 28 days of birth and more suffer from disability, disease, infection and injury. The enabling environment for safe childbirth depends on the care and attention required to newborns by health personnel and the availability of adequate health-care facilities, equipment, and medicines and emergency care when needed. Neonatal monitoring refers to the monitoring of vital physiological parameters of premature infants. Continuous health monitoring of the neonates provides crucial parameters for early detection of adverse events. Health monitoring for the neonates provides crucial parameters for urgent diagnoses and corresponding medical procedures, subsequently increasing the survival rates. In the present paper, we propose a proto type design of a neonatal monitoring system. The system is designed and integrated with different health measurement and display devices. The prototype design is very much useful for monitor the physiological parameters of infants. Keywords: Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Health parameters
I. INTRODUCTION
Neonatal monitoring refers to the monitoring of vital physiological parameters of premature infants. Babies that are born after a pregnancy lasting 37 weeks or less are considered as premature. Premature infants may suffer from diseases that are mainly caused by immaturity of their organs, Infants can weigh as less as 500g with a size of a palm. Critically ill newborn infants are normally admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) [1] for treatment by neonatologists. Neonatology is a subspecialty of pediatrics that started to develop in the 1940s. After the World War II the specific needs of sick newborn infants were recognized and new premature nurseries were built. The term “Neonatology” was first used by Alexander Schaffer in 1960 in the introduction of the first edition of his book. The miniaturization of samples for blood tests, needed for clinical management including electrolytes, bilirubin and blood gases was one of the major advances in the development of Neonatology. In the following decades important progress was achieved in thermoregulation, nutrition, growth, respiratory support, cardiopulmonary support and infection control.
Continuous health monitoring for neonates provides crucial parameters such as cessation of breathing, heart rhythm disturbances and drop in blood oxygen saturation..,etc. more than 50% premature infants show deficits in their further developments such as developmental delay, speech and language delay, behavioral, attention and learning problems. Medical conditions including chronic lung disease, apnea and bradycardia, transient thyroid dysfunction, jaundice and nutritional deficiencies are potential contributing factors [2][3]. Newborn babies who need intensive medical attention are often admitted into the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The NICU combines advanced technology and trained healthcare professionals to provide specialized care for the tiniest patients. NICUs may also have intermediate or continuing care areas for babies who are not as sick, but do need specialized nursing care. About 10% of all newborn babies require care in a NICU. Vital parameters of clinical relevance for neonatal monitoring include body temperature, electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration, and blood oxygen saturation [4]. Body temperature is monitored with adhesive thermistors; ECG and respiration are obtained by adhesive skin electrodes. The oxygen saturation of the blood is monitored by a pulse oximeter with the sensor applied on the foot or palm of the neonate [5][6]. The objective of the present work is to develop a prototype of multifunctional user –frinedly biomedical measurement device of an of integrated neonatal monitoring system, which provide a complete health status of a infants. The following parameters are required in nenonatal intensive care unit such as electrocardiogram, blood oxygen saturation, Body temperature, Radiant warmers, Phototherapy lamps…etc.,. The module devices are connected to central processing unit, the data acquired from each system is then displayed on the Monitor and store data in health report.
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
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II. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Monitoring the status of preterm infants in the
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) provides a
unique and challenging environment for the design,
function and use of sensor-based monitoring
equipment [7]. In the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit,
monitoring is an integral part of the care process
together with the administration of therapy.
Monitoring is therefore a tool that provides early
indication of changing patient status, and allows for
early intervention, but is also a means by which the
effect of interventions and therapies may be recorded,
evaluated and controlled.
III. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION- NICU
BLOCK DIAGRM
The Neonatal intensive care unit monitoring
system block diagram is as shown in figure 1. The
primary function of the device is to operate as a
medical pre-screening/diagnostic device. The first
stage lists the different types of medical data to be
measured by the device. Electrocardiogram, blood
oxygen saturation, Body temperature, Radiant
warmers, Phototherapy lamps…etc. in the second
stage of the system a central processing unit reads
data from these medical devices and display in the
monitor and stores it in memory. Figure 2 shows the
snapshot of a Neonatal intensive care unit
Figure 1: Block diagram of Neonatal Intensive
Care Unit (NICU)
Most babies who need special care are admitted
into the NICU are premature (born before 37 weeks
of pregnancy), have low birth weight (less than 2.5
Kg or 5.5 pounds), or have a medical condition that
requires special care. Twins, triplets, and other
multiples are often admitted to the NICU, as they
tend to be born earlier and smaller than single birth
babies. Babies with medical conditions such as heart
problems, infections, or birth defects are also cared
for in the NICU.
In hospitals, babies in the NICU are monitored
with the infrared monitor on the extremities for
measuring oxygen saturation in the blood and heart
rate, using ECG electrodes only in the most critical
situations. The time for monitoring varies and
depends on the patient’s condition: some babies may
be monitored for one day or two, some may require
continuous monitoring for weeks or even months.
Figure 2: snapshot of a Neonatal Intensive Care
Unit
Three electrodes are placed on the babies chest
for ECG continuous monitoring. The same electrodes
that are used for ECG monitoring are also used for
respiration monitoring, since the equipment can
measure and display both the ECG and the
respiration rate.
Body temperature is one of the key parameters
for health monitoring of premature infants at the
neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Body
temperature [8] is monitored with adhesive
thermistors with a non-invasive neonatal temperature
monitoring with wearable sensors. A negative
temperature coefficient resistor is applied as the
temperature sensor due to its accuracy and small size.
Blood oxygen saturation [9] is also a one of the
key parameters for health monitoring of premature
infants. Reflectance pulse oxymeter based on Near
Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) techniques are applied
for enhancing the flexibility of measurements at
different locations on the body of the neonates and
the compatibility to be integrated into a non-invasive
monitoring platform, such as a neonatal smart jacket.
The oxygen saturation of the blood is monitored by a
pulse oximeter with the sensor applied on the foot or
palm of the neonate
Radiant warmers are used when a baby is very
unstable or extremely premature. Small babies have a
large surface area compared to their volume, and
little body fat, and cannot maintain their own
temperature. The overhead arm contains electric
heating elements that are directed down toward the
infant. A thermostat is hooked up to a sensor on the
baby's abdomen and adjusts the power of the warmer
up and down dynamically so that it delivers whatever
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heat is necessary to keep the baby at the desired normal temperature. The open nature of the radiant warmer allows physicians and nurses to have easy access to the baby from all sides during the most critical periods. Phototherapy lights are used when babies are jaundiced (yellow). Some degree of jaundice, which is caused by the presence of a molecule called bilirubin in the blood, is common and even normal in newborns. However, in sick infants, jaundice can result from a variety of problems, and when jaundice is extreme it can cause brain damage. Certain wavelengths of light (in the blue part of the spectrum) can cause a chemical reaction that converts bilirubin into a harmless form as blood passes through the skin. When a baby is relatively stable but still premature, requiring intravenous fluids or other special attention, he/she is cared for in an "incubator." The incubator keeps the baby warm with moistened air in a clean environment, and helps to protect the baby from noise, drafts, infection, and excess handling. Temperatures range around 30 to 37ºC, humidity levels range from 50 to 90%, depending on the babies size and age. Premature infants’ skin has fewer layers of stratum corneum, it is very permeable. Babies’s skin may have oedema: excess accumulation of fluids. It has less collagen and fewer elastic fibres in the dermis, little subcutaneous fat. The babies skin does not sweat, it is non-keratinised. There is a risk of injuries and infection. Kangaroo care is used in the NICU to help aid in an infant’s recovery and comfort parents during a stressful time. Kangaroo care is a form of skin-to- skin contact between a parent and their baby. The baby is held in an upright position against a parent's bare chest for 20 minutes to four hours a day. Benefits of this method of care include: bonding between the parent and child, and calming of the infant as he/she responds to the parent’s heartbeat and enjoys deeper levels of sleep. The monitoring display is attached to sensors through the central processing unit on the baby and provides a constant read-out of the baby's heart rate and ECG, breathing rate, arterial or central venous pressure, oxygen saturation, temperature..etc., and other useful information.
IV. STATUS REPORT
Neonatal monitoring system can be considered as a powerful health care system with integration of health parameter measurement devices. The NICU collect and record the health information with continuous monitoring of infants. The collection, analysis and dissemination of health data and information were designed to support in decision making for further care taken in the hospitals. The maternal information to prioritize, plan implement and sustain effective intervention strategies can be produced. This information is useful for health planning and policy development at national level and that the information produced complies with WHO standards. The implementation of information systems at population level could be a factor in decreasing health inequalities in countries. The conclusion of the neonatal monitoring system is about 10% of all newborn babies require care in a NICU. The size of patients is very variable, as well as their length of stay in the NICU. Most babies admitted into the NICU are premature, have low birth weight, or have a medical condition that requires special care. For ECG monitoring, 3 electrodes are placed on the babies chest. The same electrodes that are used for ECG monitoring are also used for respiration monitoring. Premature babies’ skin is very delicate and sensitive. Equipment used in NICU that is related to electrodes performance includes: Radiant warmers, incubators, monitors and phototherapy lamps.
V. FUTURE PLANS
Continuous health monitoring is crucial for the survival of the ill and fragile infants admitted at neonatal intensive care units in hospitals [10]. Vital signs for neonatal monitoring include body temperature, Electrocardiogram, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation [11]. Presently, adhesive wired sensors are used for monitoring the physiological signals of neonates. Placement of these adhesive sensors and the presence of all the wires lead to discomfort and even painful stimuli. The disturbance, interruption of sleep, and lack of natural communication with parents all interfere with the babies’ normal growth and development [12]. Recent advances in sensor technologies and wireless communication technologies enable the creation of a new generation of healthcare monitoring systems with wearable electronics and photonics. Design a Smart Jacket [13] is a wearable unobtrusive continuous monitoring system realized by body sensor networks (BSN) and wireless communication. The smart jacket aims for providing reliable health monitoring as well as a comfortable clinical environment for neonatal care and parent- child interaction. The jacket is expandable with new wearable technologies and has aesthetics that appeal to parents and medical staff. REFERENCES
[1] The EPICure study: Outcome to discharge from hospital for infants born at the threshold of viability. Costeloe, K.; Hennessy, E.; Gibson, A. T.; Marlow, N. & Wilkinson, A. R. Pediatrics, Vol. 106, No. 4, 2000, pp. 659-671.
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ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 7( Version 3), July 2014, pp.12-15
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[2] Neurobehavioral deficits in premature graduates of intensive care -Potential medical and environmental risks factors. Perlman, J. M. Pediatrics, Vol. 108, No. 6, 2001,pp. 1339-1348.
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[11] Fetal and Neonatal Physiology R. A. Polin and W. W. Fox,W. B. Saunders Company, 1992. [12] A three-center, randomized, controlled trial of individualized developmental care for very low birth weight preterm infants: medical, neurodevelopmental, parenting, and caregiving effects ,H. Als, L. Gilkerson, F. Duffy, G. Mcanulty, D. Buehler, K. Vandenberg, N. Sweet, E. Sell, R. Parad, and S. Ringer, Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, vol. 24, pp. 399-408, 2003 [13] Smart Jacket Design for Neonatal Monitoring with Wearable Sensors, Sibrecht Bouwstra,Wei Chen,Loe Feijs,Sidarto Bambang Oetomo, BSN '09 Proceedings of the 2009Sixth International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks, IEEE Computer Society Washington, Pages 162-167, ISBN: 978-0-7695-3644-6, 2009