Subject: Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management
Full Marks - 50
1. Personnel Management:
a) Definition, scope, importance, behavioral science and personnel management.
b) Motivation, moral and job satisfaction.
c) Education, training, management development and performance evaluation.
d) Means of achieving harmonious industrial relation collective bargaining, joint consultation worker council, arbitration, and industrial democracy.
2. Production Management: Definition, scope, importance and application of management, techniques and principles to production management, production planning and quality control.
3. Materials Management:
a) Purchasing: Formulating effective buying policies, determination of needs and desires of patrons, selecting the sources of supply, determination the terms of purchase, receiving, marketing and stocking goods.
b) Inventory control: Methods of inventory control, selection of optimum method, effect of inventory control.
4. Risks Management
5. Pharmaceutical Marketing:
a) Promotion: Objectives, classification, developing a promotional plan, promotion strategy, budget and executing the program. Steps of implantation of advertising, types (display, direct mail, etc.) and preparation of advertisement. Personal selling and evaluation of promotion (general and specialized method).
b) Pricing: General consideration, pricing method, prescription pricing and professional fees.
c) Channel of distribution
d) Forecasing of sales
5. Management of Community Pharmacy and Governmental Pharmacy.
Vitamins & vitamin containing drugs manikImran Nur Manik
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential nutrients for the human body. There are 13 essential vitamins that must be obtained through diet as the body cannot synthesize them. Vitamins play important roles in growth, development, and metabolic processes. Deficiencies can lead to specific diseases. Vitamins can be fat-soluble like A, D, E and K which are stored in the body, or water-soluble like the B vitamins and C which are not stored. Dietary sources and functions of several key vitamins are discussed.
Standardization of Acids and bases.
2. Determination of pKa and pKb values
3. Preparation of solutions of different pH & buffer capacities.
4. Determination of phase diagram of binary systems.
Determination of distribution coefficients.
6. Determination of molecular weight by Victor Meyer’s Method.
7. Determination of heats of solutions by measuring solubility as a function of temperature
(Van’t Hoff equation.)
A. Qualitative analysis of metal ions and acid radicals:
Na+, K+, Ca+2, Ag+, Mn+4, Fe+2, Fe+3, Co+2, Mg+2, Al+3, Cu+2 and acid radicals CO3,
halides, Citrate
SO4-2, NO3-, SO3-2, etc.
B. Identification of inorganic drugs in their formulation:
1. Ca+2, from supplied preparations
2. Fe+2 from supplied preparations
3. Al+3 from supplied preparations
4. Mg+2 from supplied preparations
5. K+ from supplied reparations
6. Na+ from supplied preparations
C. Conversion of different water insoluble or sparingly soluble drugs into water soluble
forms:
1. Na/ K – salicylate from salicylic acid
2. Na/ K – benzoate from benzoic acid
3. Na/ K – citrate from citric acid
Plants in complimentary and traditional systems of medicine MANIKanikImran Nur Manik
Plants in complimentary and traditional systems of medicine: Introduction-different types of
alternative systems of treatments (e.g. Ayurvedic, Unani and Homeopathic medicine). Contribution
of traditional drugs to modern medicines. Details of some common indigenous traditional drugs:
Punarnava, Vashaka, Anantamul, Arjuna, Chirata, Picrorhiga, Kalomegh, Amla, Asoka, Bahera,
Haritaki, Tulsi, Neem, Betel nut, Joan, Karela, Shajna, Carrot, Bael, Garlic, Jam and Madar.
Vitamins & vitamin containing drugs manikImran Nur Manik
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential nutrients for the human body. There are 13 essential vitamins that must be obtained through diet as the body cannot synthesize them. Vitamins play important roles in growth, development, and metabolic processes. Deficiencies can lead to specific diseases. Vitamins can be fat-soluble like A, D, E and K which are stored in the body, or water-soluble like the B vitamins and C which are not stored. Dietary sources and functions of several key vitamins are discussed.
Standardization of Acids and bases.
2. Determination of pKa and pKb values
3. Preparation of solutions of different pH & buffer capacities.
4. Determination of phase diagram of binary systems.
Determination of distribution coefficients.
6. Determination of molecular weight by Victor Meyer’s Method.
7. Determination of heats of solutions by measuring solubility as a function of temperature
(Van’t Hoff equation.)
A. Qualitative analysis of metal ions and acid radicals:
Na+, K+, Ca+2, Ag+, Mn+4, Fe+2, Fe+3, Co+2, Mg+2, Al+3, Cu+2 and acid radicals CO3,
halides, Citrate
SO4-2, NO3-, SO3-2, etc.
B. Identification of inorganic drugs in their formulation:
1. Ca+2, from supplied preparations
2. Fe+2 from supplied preparations
3. Al+3 from supplied preparations
4. Mg+2 from supplied preparations
5. K+ from supplied reparations
6. Na+ from supplied preparations
C. Conversion of different water insoluble or sparingly soluble drugs into water soluble
forms:
1. Na/ K – salicylate from salicylic acid
2. Na/ K – benzoate from benzoic acid
3. Na/ K – citrate from citric acid
Plants in complimentary and traditional systems of medicine MANIKanikImran Nur Manik
Plants in complimentary and traditional systems of medicine: Introduction-different types of
alternative systems of treatments (e.g. Ayurvedic, Unani and Homeopathic medicine). Contribution
of traditional drugs to modern medicines. Details of some common indigenous traditional drugs:
Punarnava, Vashaka, Anantamul, Arjuna, Chirata, Picrorhiga, Kalomegh, Amla, Asoka, Bahera,
Haritaki, Tulsi, Neem, Betel nut, Joan, Karela, Shajna, Carrot, Bael, Garlic, Jam and Madar.
This document provides information about various lipids (fats and oils) obtained from plants and animals. It discusses the basic chemistry of lipids, describing them as esters of fatty acids and alcohols. Specific lipids are then outlined, including their source, composition, properties, and some uses. Key lipids discussed include olive oil, coconut oil, castor oil, linseed oil, peanut oil, chaulmoogra oil, and beeswax.
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal plants and natural products. The term was introduced in 1815 and comes from Greek roots meaning "drug" and "knowledge." It involves the study of plants as potential drug sources from pre-historic use through various civilizations like Chinese, Babylonian, Egyptian, Indian, and Greek. Modern pharmacognosy has broad applications in medicine, agriculture, cosmetics, and other industries and offers career opportunities in academia, private industry, and government.
Crude drugs: A general view of their origin, distributions, cultivation, collection, drying and
storage, commerce and quality control.
a) Classification of drugs.
b) Preparation of drugs for commercial market
c) Evaluation of crude drugs.
d) Drug adulteration.
Carbohydrates are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They play a vital role in life and include monosaccharides (simple sugars), disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Common monosaccharides are glucose and fructose. Sucrose is a prevalent disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. Starch and cellulose are examples of polysaccharides. Carbohydrates serve important functions and some like glucose are used as nutrients. Tests can identify the presence of carbohydrates and their type.
The document discusses alkaloids, which are nitrogen-containing plant compounds. It defines alkaloids and explains that they are difficult to define precisely due to overlapping properties with other amines. It then covers the distribution of various alkaloids in different plant parts, their chemical properties, pharmacological actions, classification based on ring structure, extraction methods, and chemical tests to identify alkaloids.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Students should calculate the time allotted per mark on their exam to help manage their time efficiently. For example, a 40 mark exam in 2.25 hours means each mark is worth 3 minutes and 22 seconds. Students should also practice solving previous years' exam questions and ensure they have the proper stationaries like pens, pencils, erasers and papers like admit cards for their exam. Proper preparation of time management and materials can help students complete their written exams successfully.
Volatile oils and related terpenoids-Methods of obtaining volatile oils,
chemistry, their medicinal and commercial uses, biosynthesis of some important
volatile oils used as drugs.
This document provides information about various resins and their combinations. It defines resins as amorphous products with complex chemical nature. Resins are classified into 5 groups based on their combinations: balsams, oleoresins, gum resins, oleo-gum resins, and glycoresins. The key chemical constituents of resins are discussed. Examples of commonly used resins like capsicum, ginger, cannabis are described along with their chemical constituents and uses.
lycosides and glycoside containing drugs.
Biosynthesis of glycosides: The details of the followings:
i) Cyanogenic: Wild Cherry
ii)Isothiocyanate-Mustard (Black mustard and white mustard).
iii) Cardiac: Digitalis, strophanthus, squill.
B.Pharm Syllabus
Northern University Bangladesh
De ve loped b y: Ma hab ur R a hma n She i kh & M ahm ud ur R ahman
Assistant Professors, Department of Pharmacy, Northern University Bangladesh
30
iv) Saponins: Sarsaparilla, glycyrrhiza, dioscorea.
v)
Anthraquinone glycosides: Cascara sagrada, aloe, senna, rhubarb.
vi) Other glycosides and neutral principles: Gentian, quassia, saffron.
1. Alkaloids are nitrogenous organic compounds that are derived from plants and have pharmacological effects in humans. They have diverse chemical structures and properties.
2. Alkaloids can be detected using various chemical tests like Mayer's reagent, Hager's reagent, and Dragendorff's reagent which cause precipitation or color changes.
3. Alkaloids have many pharmacological uses including as sedatives, anticholinergics, narcotics, local anesthetics, and to treat conditions like asthma, ulcers, and malaria. Some key alkaloid-containing plants discussed are belladonna, coca, and cinchona.
Source of contamination. Classification of clean rooms. Air flow systems: conventional flow,
unidirectional flow, laminar air flow units. Air filtration mechanisms. Fibrous filters and HEPA
filters. Temperature and humidity control. Building design, construction and use, humidity
control. Personnel, protective clothing, cleaning and disinfection, commissioning tests of clean
and aseptic rooms. Routine monitoring tests. The operation of clean and aseptic rooms. Key
factors in clean room operations.
Purpose of packaging, properties of packaging materials, factors influencing choice of package,
advantages and disadvantages of different packaging materials, glass and glass containers,
metal and metal containers, plastic and plastic containers, films, foils and laminates, rubber
based materials, closures, tamper resistant packaging, testing and quality assurance of
packaging materials, different packaging machines and accessories, organization of packaging
line, labeling.
Compaction and compression of powder
Physics of tablet compression, mechanism of tablet, bonding of tablets, the effect of compress
ional force on tablet properties, effect of lubricants on tablet compression and binding,
instrumented tablet machines and tooling, problems associated with large scale manufacturing
of tablets.
Definition and classification of parenteral products, formulation considerations, vehicles and
additives, containers, manufacturing techniques, raw materials and machines, quality control of
parenteral products.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This document provides information about various lipids (fats and oils) obtained from plants and animals. It discusses the basic chemistry of lipids, describing them as esters of fatty acids and alcohols. Specific lipids are then outlined, including their source, composition, properties, and some uses. Key lipids discussed include olive oil, coconut oil, castor oil, linseed oil, peanut oil, chaulmoogra oil, and beeswax.
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal plants and natural products. The term was introduced in 1815 and comes from Greek roots meaning "drug" and "knowledge." It involves the study of plants as potential drug sources from pre-historic use through various civilizations like Chinese, Babylonian, Egyptian, Indian, and Greek. Modern pharmacognosy has broad applications in medicine, agriculture, cosmetics, and other industries and offers career opportunities in academia, private industry, and government.
Crude drugs: A general view of their origin, distributions, cultivation, collection, drying and
storage, commerce and quality control.
a) Classification of drugs.
b) Preparation of drugs for commercial market
c) Evaluation of crude drugs.
d) Drug adulteration.
Carbohydrates are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They play a vital role in life and include monosaccharides (simple sugars), disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Common monosaccharides are glucose and fructose. Sucrose is a prevalent disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. Starch and cellulose are examples of polysaccharides. Carbohydrates serve important functions and some like glucose are used as nutrients. Tests can identify the presence of carbohydrates and their type.
The document discusses alkaloids, which are nitrogen-containing plant compounds. It defines alkaloids and explains that they are difficult to define precisely due to overlapping properties with other amines. It then covers the distribution of various alkaloids in different plant parts, their chemical properties, pharmacological actions, classification based on ring structure, extraction methods, and chemical tests to identify alkaloids.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Students should calculate the time allotted per mark on their exam to help manage their time efficiently. For example, a 40 mark exam in 2.25 hours means each mark is worth 3 minutes and 22 seconds. Students should also practice solving previous years' exam questions and ensure they have the proper stationaries like pens, pencils, erasers and papers like admit cards for their exam. Proper preparation of time management and materials can help students complete their written exams successfully.
Volatile oils and related terpenoids-Methods of obtaining volatile oils,
chemistry, their medicinal and commercial uses, biosynthesis of some important
volatile oils used as drugs.
This document provides information about various resins and their combinations. It defines resins as amorphous products with complex chemical nature. Resins are classified into 5 groups based on their combinations: balsams, oleoresins, gum resins, oleo-gum resins, and glycoresins. The key chemical constituents of resins are discussed. Examples of commonly used resins like capsicum, ginger, cannabis are described along with their chemical constituents and uses.
lycosides and glycoside containing drugs.
Biosynthesis of glycosides: The details of the followings:
i) Cyanogenic: Wild Cherry
ii)Isothiocyanate-Mustard (Black mustard and white mustard).
iii) Cardiac: Digitalis, strophanthus, squill.
B.Pharm Syllabus
Northern University Bangladesh
De ve loped b y: Ma hab ur R a hma n She i kh & M ahm ud ur R ahman
Assistant Professors, Department of Pharmacy, Northern University Bangladesh
30
iv) Saponins: Sarsaparilla, glycyrrhiza, dioscorea.
v)
Anthraquinone glycosides: Cascara sagrada, aloe, senna, rhubarb.
vi) Other glycosides and neutral principles: Gentian, quassia, saffron.
1. Alkaloids are nitrogenous organic compounds that are derived from plants and have pharmacological effects in humans. They have diverse chemical structures and properties.
2. Alkaloids can be detected using various chemical tests like Mayer's reagent, Hager's reagent, and Dragendorff's reagent which cause precipitation or color changes.
3. Alkaloids have many pharmacological uses including as sedatives, anticholinergics, narcotics, local anesthetics, and to treat conditions like asthma, ulcers, and malaria. Some key alkaloid-containing plants discussed are belladonna, coca, and cinchona.
Source of contamination. Classification of clean rooms. Air flow systems: conventional flow,
unidirectional flow, laminar air flow units. Air filtration mechanisms. Fibrous filters and HEPA
filters. Temperature and humidity control. Building design, construction and use, humidity
control. Personnel, protective clothing, cleaning and disinfection, commissioning tests of clean
and aseptic rooms. Routine monitoring tests. The operation of clean and aseptic rooms. Key
factors in clean room operations.
Purpose of packaging, properties of packaging materials, factors influencing choice of package,
advantages and disadvantages of different packaging materials, glass and glass containers,
metal and metal containers, plastic and plastic containers, films, foils and laminates, rubber
based materials, closures, tamper resistant packaging, testing and quality assurance of
packaging materials, different packaging machines and accessories, organization of packaging
line, labeling.
Compaction and compression of powder
Physics of tablet compression, mechanism of tablet, bonding of tablets, the effect of compress
ional force on tablet properties, effect of lubricants on tablet compression and binding,
instrumented tablet machines and tooling, problems associated with large scale manufacturing
of tablets.
Definition and classification of parenteral products, formulation considerations, vehicles and
additives, containers, manufacturing techniques, raw materials and machines, quality control of
parenteral products.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
Business Idea Development Planning,manik,Jaytirmoy Barmon
1. Page 1 of 5
Jaytirmoy Barmon Business Idea Development Planning
Lecturer, Pharmacy, Varendra University
Business Idea Development Planning
Prepared by:
Jaytirmoy Barmon
Lecturer
Department of Pharmacy, VU
Q. What do you mean business idea? Write down the characteristics of a promising
business idea.
Business idea
A business idea is a concept that can be used for financial gain that is usually centered on a
product or service that can be offered for money. An idea is the base of the pyramid when it
comes to the business as a whole.
The characteristics of a promising business idea are:
a) Innovative
b) Unique selling proposition
c) Problem solving
d) Profitable
a) Innovative
For businesses this could mean: creating new ideas, new product development through research
and development or improving existing services. Innovation can be the central focus of a
business and this can help them to grow and become a market leader if they execute their ideas
properly. Businesses that are focused on innovation are usually more efficient, cost effective
and productive.
b) Unique selling proposition
A unique selling point (USP) is the factor that makes a company or a product stand out from
its competitors, whether it is through; pricing, quality, customer service or innovation. Each
successful company has a unique selling proposition (USP). A USP can be created through the
element of being first to a market, for example Uber was the first company to allow
for taxicab hailing via mobile app.
c) Problem solving
Business ideas that solve problems are fundamental to developing the world and companies
such as Curemark are one of many who do this. Curemark is a biotech company founded by
Joan Fallon, who noticed that a lot of the children she treated were low on an enzyme for
processing protein and since then she has quit her job and has built Curemark to solve this
problem. Curemark has now raised $50 million and is on its way to solving a problem that truly
exists.
d) Profitable
Profitability is a business's ability to generate earnings compared to its costs over a certain
period of time. This is possibly the most important aspect of any business idea in the long term,
as this is what makes a business survive in order to keep having the impact that it has. Profitable
ideas need a strong revenue stream against its costs and this tends to create the success of the
business, however some companies defy this and make losses to begin with, yet are still
exceptional business ideas that are worth billions.
2. Page 2 of 5
Jaytirmoy Barmon Business Idea Development Planning
Lecturer, Pharmacy, Varendra University
Q. Write down the process of new product development.
Process of New Product Development
Every entrepreneur knows that productivity is one of the key ingredients for successful product
development.
Step 1: Generating
Utilizing basic internal and external SWOT analysis, as well as current marketing trends.
Generating ideologies which take affordability.
Step 2: Screening the Idea
Set specific criteria for ideas that should be continued or dropped.
Step 3: Testing the Concept
Concept testing is done after idea screening. Does the consumer understand, need, or want the
Product or service?
Step 4: Business Analytics
During the New Product Development process, build a system of metrics to monitor progress.
Step 5: Beta/Marketability Tests
Arranging private tests groups, launching beta versions, and then forming test panels after the
product or products have been tested will provide you with valuable information allowing last
minute improvements and tweaks.
Step 6: Technicalities+ Product Development
The production department will make plans to produce the product. The marketing department
will make plans to distribute the product. The finance department will provide the finance for
introducing the new product. It must be sure to have technicalities in line when moving
forward.
Step 7: Commercialize
At this stage, new product developments have gone mainstream, consumers are purchasing the
good or service, and technical support is consistently monitoring progress. Keeping distribution
pipelines loaded with products is an integral part of this process.
Step 8: Post Launch Review and Perfect Pricing
Most new products are introduced with introductory pricing, in which final prices are nailed
down after consumers have ‘gotten in’.
Q. What is Creativity & Innovation? What are the sources of new ideas?
Creativity is the ability to develop new ideas and to discover new ways of looking at
problems & opportunities.
Innovation is the ability to apply creative solutions to those problems & opportunities to
enhance or to enrich people`s lives.
Sources of new ideas
Consumers & current customers.
Existing products and services.
Distribution channels.
Government.
Research and development.
3. Page 3 of 5
Jaytirmoy Barmon Business Idea Development Planning
Lecturer, Pharmacy, Varendra University
Q. Write down the steps in creative problem solving.
1. Identify the goal, wish, problem or challenge you want to work on. The first step in the
problem-solving process is to spend time defining and understanding your problem.
2. Gather data. Once the problem is identified, gather information about it. If you want to
improve service to the business units, ask questions about why this is important, who is
involved, what solutions have already been tried, what stumbling blocks there are and what
improved service will look like.
3. Clarify the problem. Once you know more about who and what is involved in solving the
problem, you’ll want to restate the problem as specifically as you can. For instance, you might
ask yourself, “In what ways can we begin to improve service to the business units in the next
month without adding staff and without disrupting current operations?”
4. Generate ideas. With a well-defined problem in mind, it can be beginning to generate ideas
using techniques such as brainstorming. The goal of this phase is to create as many Solutions
to the problem as possible. Don’t stop at just eight to 10 ideas; force yourself to Come up with
30 or 40 more. “We Knew from research that the most sophisticated ideas usually surface after
about 35 ideas have been created,’’ Firestein says.
5. Select and strengthen solutions. Specify idea and polish them. Now it is clear that what
must be done, who will perform them, what the deadlines are and who is ultimately responsible.
6. Review action steps and develop a plan.
Q. What is marketing plan? What are the benefits of marketing planning?
Marketing plan
A marketing plan is a business document outlining your marketing strategy and tactics. It's
often focused on a specific period of time (i.e. over the next 12 months) and covers a variety
of marketing-related details, such as costs, goals, and action steps
Benefits of marketing planning
1. Fail less: According to Tracy Timberlake (video marketing strategist), only 8% of people
achieve their goals. That leaves 92% who don’t. We’d bet that a fair share of those don’t do
the planning and research or actually set their goals or accountability properly in the
first place! Give your business the best shot at succeeding by putting these plans in place.
2. Structure: Lack of a structure can much too often send us off in the wrong direction,
chasing the latest shiny new thing that may not even help meet the goals anyway, and being
Business idea development planning less focused on the whole story. Having a structure in
place helps keep everything on track, and if you have a timing plan with tactics as part of your
strategy, even better.
3. Consistency: One thing that all online marketers agree on is consistency. Consistency of
brand, consistency of message and consistency of timings. All these areas are critical, and
without a plan too much separation can creep in, leading to confusing messages being
received by customers. Furthermore, inconsistent work won’t have the level of impact that
well-coordinated projects will.
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Jaytirmoy Barmon Business Idea Development Planning
Lecturer, Pharmacy, Varendra University
4. Accuracy: If you have spent time auditing your 2016 marketing activity and measuring
successes, you’ll have a better understanding of what’s worked well in the past and
what would be most likely to work well in the future. You’ll be able to be more laser-targeted
in your approach (the scattergun approach is no good for anyone!), with clearly defined target
audiences, channels and messages as well as the ability to monitor them.
5. Big picture: After working so hard in your business, you’ll finally get chance to work on
your business from that privileged 50,000 foot level. The business will benefit from your T
shaped viewpoint and you’ll be able to consider how each project influences another,
priorities better and plan the best use of your time and budget.
6. Manageable: From this viewpoint, you’ll be able to take back the reins, and be specific
about where further support or delegation is required, or what isn’t helping you meet your
overall goals at the moment and can be shelved. It will be easier to manage your staff
or external suppliers as they will have clear objectives which link back to your own business
goals, and make any adjustments as necessary.
7. Tracking: Having looked back on 2016 (per month if necessary), you should have a strong
grasp on your benchmarks, so in 2017 you can use analytics to make informed decisions,
based on year-on-year. As long as your digital marketing tracking is in place and you’ve been
able to interpret the data efficiently, you will be able to use it as a management metric
as well as performance indicator.
8. Financial: So many financial decisions cannot be easily made without effective tracking,
reporting and planning in place. Decisions around investment, resources and products all
suddenly get a whole lot easier when taken into account as part of your marketing strategy.
Important topics such as cash flow, payment terms, revenue generation, profit models
and more should synchronize with your sales and marketing processes.
Q. What is financial plan? How to create a financial plan?
Financial plan
In general usage, a financial plan is a comprehensive evaluation of an individual’s current
pay and future financial state by using current known variables to predict future income,
asset values and withdrawal plans.
How to create a financial plan
Creating a personal financial plan will help you achieve any goal you’ve set for yourself.
When building your financial plan, follow these three steps:
Step 1: Determine where you’re going.
These goals will become the driving force behind your overall plan. Your list should include
your short-term, mid-term, and long- term goals, and it should be realistic and specific. Short
term goals are within one year, while mid- term goals are between two to five years and long-
term goals are greater than five years from today.
Step 2: Build in milestones.
Create ‘small wins along the way that motivate you to stick with your financial plan and
reinforce the progress you are making. These small wins become the key milestones of your
financial plan.
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Jaytirmoy Barmon Business Idea Development Planning
Lecturer, Pharmacy, Varendra University
Step 3: Set your monthly goal.
Once you know how much you need to save and how long you have to save it, you can set a
monthly savings goal. Then you can see where that goal fits in your budget. If you find that
you can’t save as your goal requires, take a look at your spending and see if there are places
you could make adjustments. If that doesn’t seem feasible, you may need to add more time to
your goal completion date, change your prioritization, or look for ways to increase money
coming into the household.
Q. Write down the objectives and importance of financial planning
Objectives of Financial Planning
Financial Planning has got many objectives to look forward to:
a. Determining capital requirements- This will depend upon factors like cost of current and
fixed assets, promotional expenses and long- range planning. Capital requirements have to
be looked with both aspects: short- term and long- term requirements.
b. Determining capital structure- The capital structure is the composition of capital, i.e., the
relative kind and proportion of capital required in the business.
c. Framing financial policies with regards to cash control, lending, borrowings, etc.
d. A finance manager ensures that the scarce financial resources are maximally utilized in the
best possible manner at least cost in order to get maximum returns on investment.
Importance of Financial Planning
Financial Planning is process of framing objectives, policies, procedures, programs and
budgets regarding the financial activities of a concern. This ensures effective and adequate
financial and investment policies. The importance can be outlined as-
i. Adequate funds have to be ensured.
ii. Financial Planning helps in ensuring a reasonable balance between outflow and inflow
of funds so that stability is maintained.
iii. Financial Planning ensures that the suppliers of funds are easily investing in companies
which exercise financial planning.
iv. Financial Planning helps in making growth and expansion programs which helps in
long-run survival of the company.
v. Financial Planning reduces uncertainties with regards to changing market trends which
can be faced easily through enough funds.
vi. Financial Planning helps in reducing the uncertainties which can be a hindrance to
growth of the company. This helps in ensuring stability and profitability in concern.
Special Thanks To-
Krishna, Nayem, Wahab, Mahee, Mimi & Afsana
7th Batch Students, Department of Pharmacy, Varendra University, Rajshahi.