SharePoint 2010 provides a Business Intelligence platform that organizes, delivers, and uses data to make effective decisions. It has three stages: organizing data using OLAP and SSAS, delivering data through dashboards and reports, and using the data for decisions. Key components include Excel Services, PowerPivot, Reporting Services, and PerformancePoint. SharePoint 2010 BI offers advantages like low cost, customizability, and embedding with SharePoint, but requires more setup work and a fully Microsoft environment.