1. The apartheid system: a.   was founded by whites in 1950. b.   set up strict social, economic, and legal barriers amongst whites, blacks, and coloreds. c.   influences criminal justice administration even today. d.   all of the choices apply. 2. Dysfunctional families are usually characterized by: a.   a solid emotional support system for juveniles living with many family members. b.   continuous social and emotional support from parents who, nevertheless, must face minor problems in the work place. c.  emotional abuse, neglect, physical abuse, and parents who have long repressed hostility and anger. d.   strong social support for children based upon loving relationships between parents and children. 3. The trend in China is to: a.   place more and more youths on probation. b.   move toward a more formal system of justice. c.   place most juveniles in institutions for five or more years. d.   both place more and more youths on probation and move toward a more formal system of justice. 4. Police in Australia: a.   arrest whenever possible. b.   make little use of the formal and informal cautioning process. c.   try hard to protect Aboriginal youth. d.   none of the choices apply. 5. The authors of the textbook believe that four key themes for turning juveniles lives around are: a.   hope, habilitation, punishment, and reinforcement. b.   modeling behavior, punishment, fear, and reinforcement. c.   habilitation, honor, healing, and hope. d.   punishment, fear, reinforcement, and behavior extinction. 6. Which of the following does the United States have more of than most of the other industrialized nations of the world? a.   More uneducated citizens b.   Higher dropout rates c.   Minimal reading skills d.   All of the choices apply 7. Developing countries governed by indigenous populations rely on rules: a.   drawn up by legislators and codified in law books. b.   passed down through the oral history of the country. c.   enforced by family and community members. d.   both passed down through the oral history of the country and enforced by family and community members. 8. The restorative model focuses on which of the following ideas? a.   Offenders must face consequences for their actions b.   Enough sanctions should be developed to punish offenders quickly c.   The offender's family is partly responsible for the youth's actions d.   All of the choices apply 9. Current trends suggest that in the future: a.   more juveniles will be executed. b.   fairness for minorities will increase. c.   society will have more troubled teenagers. d.   all of the choices apply. 10. The purpose of family conferences is to implement the: a.   crime control model. b.   welfare model. c.   restorative model. d.   due process model. 11. Structural changes needed in modern society to reduce the problems of the juvenile justice system include: a.   a social structure sensitive to the needs of all social classes. b.   a reorganization of neighborhoods to mak.

1. 1.
The apartheid system:
a. was founded by whites in 1950.
b. set up strict social, economic, and legal barriers amongst
whites, blacks, and coloreds.
c. influences criminal justice administration even today.
d. all of the choices apply.
2.
Dysfunctional families are usually characterized by:
a. a solid emotional support system for juveniles living with
many family members.
b. continuous social and emotional support from parents who,
nevertheless, must face minor problems in the work place.
c. emotional abuse, neglect, physical abuse, and parents who
have long repressed hostility and anger.
d. strong social support for children based upon loving
relationships between parents and children.
3.
The trend in China is to:
a. place more and more youths on probation.
b. move toward a more formal system of justice.
c. place most juveniles in institutions for five or more years.
d. both place more and more youths on probation and move
toward a more formal system of justice.
4.
Police in Australia:
a. arrest whenever possible.
b. make little use of the formal and informal cautioning
process.
c. try hard to protect Aboriginal youth.
d. none of the choices apply.

2. 5.
The authors of the textbook believe that four key themes for
turning juveniles lives around are:
a. hope, habilitation, punishment, and reinforcement.
b. modeling behavior, punishment, fear, and reinforcement.
c. habilitation, honor, healing, and hope.
d. punishment, fear, reinforcement, and behavior extinction.
6.
Which of the following does the United States have more of
than most of the other industrialized nations of the world?
a. More uneducated citizens
b. Higher dropout rates
c. Minimal reading skills
d. All of the choices apply
7.
Developing countries governed by indigenous populations rely
on rules:
a. drawn up by legislators and codified in law books.
b. passed down through the oral history of the country.
c. enforced by family and community members.
d. both passed down through the oral history of the country
and enforced by family and community members.
8.
The restorative model focuses on which of the following ideas?
a. Offenders must face consequences for their actions
b. Enough sanctions should be developed to punish offenders
quickly
c. The offender's family is partly responsible for the youth's
actions
d. All of the choices apply
9.

3. Current trends suggest that in the future:
a. more juveniles will be executed.
b. fairness for minorities will increase.
c. society will have more troubled teenagers.
d. all of the choices apply.
10.
The purpose of family conferences is to implement the:
a. crime control model.
b. welfare model.
c. restorative model.
d. due process model.
11.
Structural changes needed in modern society to reduce the
problems of the juvenile justice system include:
a. a social structure sensitive to the needs of all social classes.
b. a reorganization of neighborhoods to make them safe.
c. schools that prepare youths for the realities of life after
graduation.
d. all of the choices apply.
12.
Juvenile justice in South Africa today is:
a. just now being developed as a separate system from that of
adults.
b. well-developed and fair.
c. accepted by nations as in need of a western model.
d. all of the choices apply.
13.
Australian panels are being replaced by:
a. police review boards.
b. Magistrates' Evaluation Boards.
c. Family Conferences.
d. Probation Assessment Panels.

4. 14.
High-risk children often tend to:
a. become great successes in life because of their backgrounds.
b. be highly confident, look out for others, and be tolerant of
those who disagree with them.
c. be self-absorbed and resent anyone who confronts them.
d. accept the realities of society and their own roles in their
failure.
15.
The mission of juvenile justice includes:
a. correcting offenders so they will not return to the juvenile
justice system.
b. providing justice to juveniles who are referred to the
juvenile justice system.
c. coaching older juveniles as to how they should behave as
they enter the adult justice system.
d. both correcting offenders so they will not return to the
juvenile justice system and providing justice to juveniles who
are referred to the juvenile justice system.
16.
Youths most likely to be killed by police in Brazil are those:
a. who are caught in the act of committing serious offenses.
b. of African, Native Indian, and mixed parentage.
c. females working the streets as beggars.
d. all of the choices apply.
17.
Which of the following are predicted to decrease in severity in
the future?
a. Guns
b. Drugs
c. Gangs
d. None of the choices apply

5. 18.
The first United Nations rules designed to protect children were
the:
a. Riyadh guidelines.
b. JOL rules.
c. Beijing rules.
d. rules for the treatment of prisoners.
19.
England's Criminal Justice Act, 1991 emphasized a:
a. welfare model.
b. crime control model.
c. due process model.
d. restorative model.
20.
Juvenile justice today:
a. is a central area of concern for governments.
b. matches education in the cost of its funding.
c. is a marginal area of concern for most politicians.
d. has many interest groups supporting it.
Running head: [INSERT TITLE HERE]
[INSERT TITLE HERE]

6. Student Name
Allied American University
Author Note
This paper was prepared for [INSERT COURSE NAME],
[INSERT COURSE ASSIGNMENT] taught by [INSERT
INSTRUCTOR’S NAME].
Directions: Read the questions below and write a response.
Your answer to each question should be at least the requested
length that is specified in each prompt.
1. Step 1: Design an approach to juvenile justice for the
United States that takes the best and prohibits the worst
elements from systems in other countries in the world. Step 2:
Use a bulleted list for the best elements from other countries
that you would incorporate into your approach. Use a second
bulleted list for the worst elements from other countries that
you would prohibit from your approach. For each of the bullet
points, identify the country that employs that approach and
write a one-sentence justification for why you are including or
excluding it from your approach. This should be at least one
page in length.
2. Step 1: Locate and read a news article that discusses a
societal issue related to why juveniles become offenders.
Research news articles in your local area or nationally. You can
use your local library or a news search engine, such as the News

7. tab on Google. Step 2: Write a summary of the article that is at
least one page in length and state whether you agree or disagree
with it. Are there caveats that are not presented in the article?
Is the article misleading or does it generalize the behaviors of
only a small percentage of juveniles? Is the article slanted in
any way? Explain. Use proper APA citations to indicate your
sources.