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Building science
- 1. The Science of Buildings: Energy, Water, Indoor Air Quality, and Materials Build It Green www.BuildItGreen.org Presented by: Kevin Beck, Lead Trainer
- 11. Average CA Residential Energy Use © Build It Green 2010 (Source: CA Energy Commission) Electric Gas
- 14. © Build It Green 2010 The avg. U.S. household uses 350 gallons of water per day (inside) SOURCE: American Water Works Association Research Foundation â percentages are rounded Saving water saves treatment chemicals, pumping, heating energy, and power plant pollution Where Does Indoor Water Go?
- 20. © Build It Green 2010
- 21. © Build It Green 2010 Wet Soil
- 22. © Build It Green 2010 Leaky Plumbing
- 23. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ & IEQ) © Build It Green 2010
- 35. Carbon Monoxide exposure © Build It Green 2010
- 37. Questions © Build It Green 2010
Editor's Notes
- OverviewOverview 10/01/11 Overview Prelim: Facilitator shakes hands with guests, does the âwarm-upâ, rules, logistics, describes BIG (what we do) Trainer: Introduce yourself and your background and how you got into green. Talk about the goal of âgreenâ and our role in this âintroâ class. Talk about expectations, goals of the course, what will be covered and what wonât, weâll keep this simple Trainer asks for Introductions:
- Overview Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Energy conservation versus energy efficiency. Conservation is turning off the light, efficiency is the light uses a little less energy when it is on. Stair step the process from conservation to efficient systems to finally power generation. Renewable energy will not make you use less energy, it will make it for you. It does not make a green home if it wastes water, is unhealthy and wastes materials.
- Overview Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy First note on language, marketing etc. People call you in because of comfort. They donât call you because of offgassing, they call you because they are sick, or cold, or hot etc. Speak to the driver, not your principles. Took this out of slide because it doesnât speak to comfort: Polls have shown that over 70% of Americans want renewable energy Talk to people about service delivery not just energy efficiency Sell: comfort, health, durability
- Overview Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Energy conservation versus energy efficiency. Conservation is turning off the light, efficiency is the light uses a little less energy when it is on. Stair step the process from conservation to efficient systems to finally power generation. Renewable energy will not make you use less energy, it will make it for you. It does not make a green home if it wastes water, is unhealthy and wastes materials.
- Overview Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy High school physics lessons again? We are going to remind you what Mr. Helwig already taught you in high school. Important slide for test. Heat is energy. Heat is the total amount of energy possessed by the molecules in a piece of matter. This energy is both kinetic energy and potential energy. When heat, (i. e., energy), goes into a substance one of two things can happen: 1. The substance can experience a raise in temperature. That is, the heat can be used to speed up the molecules of the substance. Since Kelvin temperature is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance, a factor increase in temperature causes an equal factor increase in the average kinetic energy of the molecules. And if the kinetic energy of the molecules increase, the speed of the molecules will increase, although these increases are not directly proportional. The kinetic energy of a body is proportional to the square of the speed of the body. 2. The substance can change state. For example, if the substance is ice, it can melt into water. Perhaps surprisingly, this change does not cause a raise in temperature. The moment before melting the average kinetic energy of the ice molecules is the same as the average kinetic energy of the water molecules a moment after melting. Although heat is absorbed by this change of state, the absorbed energy is not used to speed up the molecules. The energy is used to change the bonding between the molecules. Changing the manner in which the molecules bond to one another constitutes a change in potential energy. Heat comes in and there is an increase in the potential energy of the molecules. Their kinetic energy remains unchanged.
- Overview Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Reminder about test. Cold is the lack of heat. I am giving away heat, the cold is not coming in. You donât hear your mom say, close the door you are letting in the cold, she says you are letting all the heat out and that is what is happening. All three at once shown on upcoming slide Understand that heat is energy, not temperature. Temperature is a number that is related to the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance. If temperature is measured in Kelvin degrees, then this number is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the molecules. Heat is a measurement of the total energy in a substance. That total energy is made up of not only of the kinetic energies of the molecules of the substance, but total energy is also made up of the potential energies of the molecules.
- Overview Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Here are the three types of heat transfer in action all at once. You experience the release of heat as a byproduct of energy transformation yet heat is also being stored in materials (including you), so it is not all âwastedâ. This one of the principles of passive solar design, which we will talk about.
- Overview Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Per Marc: move slide??? Energy conservation versus energy efficiency. Conservation is turning off the light, efficiency is the light uses a little less energy when it is on. Stair step the process from conservation to efficient systems to finally power generation. Renewable energy will not make you use less energy, it will make it for you. It does not make a green home if it wastes water, is unhealthy and wastes materials.
- Overview Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Energy conservation versus energy efficiency. Conservation is turning off the light, efficiency is the light uses a little less energy when it is on. Stair step the process from conservation to efficient systems to finally power generation. Renewable energy will not make you use less energy, it will make it for you. It does not make a green home if it wastes water, is unhealthy and wastes materials.
- Overview Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy â renewableâ??? Vs. Solar Energy Systems Speaker notes: WHEN ALL IS SAID AND DONE, ONLY THEN DO WE LOOK AT RENEWABLES We are addressing this early as a part of the discussion on building science and energy, but donât mistake that for the order in which we should address designing a building.
- Overview Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Who is the average, it is not a person just a point on the continuum. Lots of this stuff is up to the user (occupant behavior) Vampire loads
- Overview Make the comparison between energy and water like the body. (you can live 3 weeks without food (energy), but only 3-4 days without water). This goes for the larger picture as well. http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/625r00008/html/625R00008chap3.htm http://www.energy.ca.gov/2007publications/CEC-999-2007-008/CEC-999-2007-008.PDF www.energystar.gov/ia/new_homes changing 1 traffic light from incandescent to LED saves 1.2 gallons a day at the power plantc (need to find where this stat came from) Nuclear power is just a steam engine. A huge steam engine. Sidebar: Notice that there are always power plants on a body of water. Overview
- Overview Make the comparison between energy and water like the body. (you can live 3 weeks without food (energy), but only 3-4 days without water). This goes for the larger picture as well. http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/625r00008/html/625R00008chap3.htm http://www.energy.ca.gov/2007publications/CEC-999-2007-008/CEC-999-2007-008.PDF www.energystar.gov/ia/new_homes changing 1 traffic light from incandescent to LED saves 1.2 gallons a day at the power plantc (need to find where this stat came from) Nuclear power is just a steam engine. A huge steam engine. Sidebar: Notice that there are always power plants on a body of water. Overview
- Overview Resource Conservation Refer to the chart. Look at toilets. How clean does that water need to be? 14% leaks, give me a break. When you consider the double effect of water and energy on water. Powerful effect. From 1996-99, the American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AWWARF) spearheaded a study to determine how North American households utilize water around the house and develop models to forecast future residential water demand. Some of the study's findings include: The North American households included in this study use approx. 146,000 gallons annually. Of this amount, 42% (61,300 gallons) is used indoors. The remaining 58% (84,700 gallons) is used outdoors. Hard copies of the AWWARF Residential End Uses of Water Study are available by calling 1-800-926-7337. Additional information on the End Uses study can be found on the AWWAâs Water Wiser Web site. For water conservation tips: America Water Works Associations - www.waterwiser.org East Bay Municipal Utility District - www.ebmud.com California Urban Water Conservation Council - http://h2ouse.net Metropolitan Water District of Southern California - www.bewaterwise.com
- Overview Resource Conservation Quit misting our lawns, watk audience whatering sidewalks Get smart with more efficient heads, watering systems Ask audience, âwhats wrong?â âhow to correct?â
- Overview Resource Conservation High efficiency washers use approximately 41 gallons per load (gpl) while high-efficiency machines use only 23 gpl (Mayer, et.al, 2001 â www. H2Ouse.net). A family of four would save more than 8,000 gallons of water per year by installing a high-efficiency clothes washer. These models also reduce energy consumption by using less hot water and because of higher spin speeds that reduce drying time (resulting in 40% energy reduction and 40% water reduction). New standards for clothes washers will be issued in 2007 and 2010 per the SFPUC. Most manufacturers offer high-efficiency dishwashers that use less water and less energy than standard models. A family that replaces a 12-gallon per load machine with a 6-gallon per load machine and runs their dishwasher 4 times per week will save about 1,250 gallons of water per year. Source: www.H2Ouse.net Replacing a 10-year old dishwasher with an ENERGY STAR labeled dishwasher can save you more than $30 a year in energy costs. To find Energy Star products: www.energystar.gov To find WaterSense products: www.epa.gov/OWM/water-efficiency/index.htm 1â of rain on 100sf of roof, captures 60 gallons of water Greywater has been in code for decades and is officially in 2007 CPC. It is running every day of the year
- Overview 1. Most of the earth's surface consists of water; there is much more water than there is land. 2. Water can not only be found on the surface, but also in the ground and in the air. 3. There is the same amount of water on earth as there was when the earth was formed. The water that came from your faucet could contain molecules that Neanderthals drank⊠4. The overall amount of water on our planet has remained the same for two billion years. 5. There are two kinds of water; salt water and freshwater. Salt water contains great amounts of salt, whereas freshwater has a dissolved salt concentration of less than 1%. Only freshwater can be applied as drinking water. 6. Water consists of three atoms, 2 Hydrogen atoms and an Oxygen atom, that are bond together due to electrical charges. 7. The weight of a water molecule depends on the number of moles present, as it is 18 grams per mole. 8. Water moves around the earth in a water cycle. The water cycle has five parts: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration and surface run-off. 9. In a 100-year period, a water molecule spends 98 years in the ocean, 20 months as ice, about 2 weeks in lakes and rivers, and less than a week in the atmosphere. 10. Groundwater can take a human lifetime just to traverse a mile. 11. Most of the earth's surface water is permanently frozen or salty. 12. Water regulates the earth's temperature. 13. Water freezes at zero degrees Celcius. 14. Water vaporizes at a hundred degrees Celcius. 15. Water is the only substance that is found naturally on earth in three forms: liquid, gas, solid. 16. If water changes phase its physical appearance changes due to parting of water molecules. In the solid phase the water molecules are close together and in the gaseous phase they are the furthest apart. 17. Frozen water is 9% lighter than water, which is why ice floats on water. 18. A litre of water weighs 1.01 kilograms. 19. It doesn't take much salt to make water "salty." If one-thousandth (or more) of the weight of water is from salt, then the water is "saline." 20. Saline water can be desalinated for use as drinking water by going through a process to remove the salt from the water. 21. When water contains a lot of calcium and magnesium, it is called hard water. Hard water is not suited for all purposes water is normally used for. 22. To determine water quality certified agencies take samples that are tested in a laboratory. The samples are tested on various factors, to determine if they suffice water quality standards. 23. Each country has its own water quality standards that determine to which degree water should be purified, depending on the purpose it will be used for. About water quantities : 1. As oceans are very wide and there are multiple to be found on earth, oceans store most of the earth's water. This is apparently 97% of the total amount of water on earth, 2% of which is frozen. 2. 80% of the earth's water is surface water. The other 20% is either ground water or atmospheric water vapour. 3. Of all the water on earth, only 2,5% is fresh water. Fresh water is either groundwater (0,5%), or readily accessible water in lakes, streams, rivers, etc. (0,01%). 4. If all the world's water were fit into a gallon jug, the fresh water available for us to use would equal only about one tablespoon. 5. Over 90% of the world's supply of fresh water is located in Antarctica. 6. Less than 1% of the water supply on earth can be used as drinking water. 7. The earth's total amount of water has a volume of about 344 million cubic miles. · 315 million cubic miles is seawater. · 9 million cubic miles is groundwater in aquifers. · 7 million cubic miles is frozen in polar ice caps. · 53,000 cubic miles of water pass through the planet's lakes and streams. · 4,000 cubic miles of water is atmospheric moisture. · 3,400 cubic miles of water are locked within the bodies of living things. 8. Approximately 66% of the human body consists of water. Water exists within all our organs and it is transported throughout our body to assist physical functions. 9. The total amount of water in the body of an average adult is 37 litres. 10. Human brains are 75% water. Overview
- Overview Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Quantifying the data Whatâs missing??? = People! We add a lot of moisture into our homes, more as the homes get tighter
- Overview Indoor Air Quality Water runs down hill and most water and mold damage will be found at the bottom and horizontals of the building. Lack of capillary breaks can cause water to be wicked up into a building. A capillary break must be 3/8 of an inch. If the ambient air is cooler indoors then moisture will be drawn in from the outdoors. If the environment is hotter outdoors then moisture will also be drawn in. (Southern climates) In Northern climates, the indoor temperature is warmer and the moisture content is higher indoors so the movement of moisture will be from the indoors out rather than from the outdoors in. This will have an effect how the exterior of the buildings are designed. Lack of air exchange will have a negative effect on the drying of building materials if they get wet. Whoâs minding the seams???
- Overview Indoor Air Quality Water ponding over the sill plate and poor flashing at the joints. Lack of paint at the bottom edge of the siding causing wicking up of water on the sill plate and into the siding behind the paper into the plywood. Deterioration of the paper with mold growth and mold growth on the back of the interior gyp.
- Overview Indoor Air Quality
- Overview Indoor Air Quality Dissimilar metals caused corrosion of the hot water pipe. Hot water leak causing elevated moisture in the crawlspace condensing on wood surfaces with mold growth.
- Overview Before we get going, âAre there any questions so far ABOUT THE BASICS OF BUILDING SCIENCEâ. Overview
- Overview Indoor Air Quality The last bullet quote is from an article in Scientific American according to DJ. I couldnât find it in a search on their site Important Question to the Audience: How many people over 35 had friends with asthma or resp. problems? How many people have kids or have friends who have kids that have respiratory problems?
- Overview Explain the difference and expansion of IEQ vs. IAQ
- Overview Indoor Air Quality Speaker notes: As you become familiar with IAQ issues, you may begin to see culprits affecting IAQ that are not directly linked with the type of job contracted for. Consider acquainting the family with the bad chemicals they have in their building before you start a job. This may become the reason why you are selected as a contractor! (or the homeowner heard that you wouldnât contaminate their house with chemicals!) Consider writing a list of potential pollutants that can be seen or smelled, and have them acknowledge them at the beginning.
- Overview Indoor Air Quality Speaker notes: For a listing of products that have undergone rigorous testing in California, see the specification section 01350 at: www.ciwmb.ca.gov/greenbuilding/specs/section01350/default.htm#Latest These are primarily commercial products at this time, but carpet, natural linoleum, and paints are among the products tested. The site also lists products that passed the test. USE LESS!!!
- Overview Indoor Air Quality Diluting the high concentrations, flush-out via natural or mechanical
- Overview Indoor Air Quality Can ONLY filter particulates!!! Only high-tech can filter gases Careful adding filtration to HVAC systems, they add a lot of static pressure to the system (choking it) You can never just change one thing
- Overview Indoor Air Quality Review Rules. Reduce, ventilate, and filter. These are the things we donât want in our lungs, skin, bloodstream. They ruin our lungs, nervous system and brain functions. I know I donât need any help in that realm. In US, we require that chemicals not be dangerous, In Europe they have to be âsafeâ If you can smell it, it probably has VOCs Masking, diluting, changing smell are all methods to conceal VOCs What is âlowâ whatâs âhighâ??? LOW= 50 gpl (paint) 70 (adhesives) www.scaqmd.gov for list of building products/ VOC levels
- Overview Indoor Air Quality How do we find out about it? Look at the labels! Why did they start regulating this stuff: To Reduce urban smog. Go to the charts, green building checklists or GOOGLE. Use them as a guide, not the end all be all source. Regulated by OSHA and produced to educate workers and emergency personnel about material ingredients and reactions. Smaller numbers typically mean they are better for IAQ South Coast Air Quality District (L.A.) âwritesâ the rules that everyone eventually adopts Trainers: know difference between TDS and MSDS â Iâm NOT going to buy your product because ____â is the most effective way to promote change in the manufacturers
- Overview Indoor Air Quality There are literally hundreds of materials and plastics out there that use Vinyl Chloride as an ingredient. Plastic bags, rubber base, rubber boots, weatherstripping, inflatable mattresses, window blinds etc. Know what youâre buying and whatâs in it
- Overview Indoor Air Quality *Source for above slide information: U.S Environmental Protection Agency Speaker notes: #1 no cost IEQ solution is to remove your shoes! CALL DAVID ADAMSON AND TOM LENT TO FIND OUT BETTER LANGUAGE FOR THE SB LATEX SECTION TOM LENT TOO The styrene-butadiene latex that attaches the fiber to the backing is a known carcinogen. There are few carpets on the market that donât use it. If you must use carpet, try to get your installer to lay it out flat in a warehouse for at least 30 days before installation. Or conversely, let the house off gas before the client moves back in. How much surface area is in carpet. Each fiber etc. lots of surface area. Shoes deposit everything into the carpet, acts as a matt, then your baby crawls around on it and you share those undershoe items with them. CRI TESTED: Acetaldehyde Benzene Caprolactam 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid Formaldehyde 1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidinone Naphthalene Nonanal Octanal 4-Phenylcyclohexene Styrene Toluene Vinyl Acetate
- Overview Bigger problem than most think Overview
- Overview Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Car comparison: Explain You do not want to be in the top numbers, you want to be way down below. We will talk about carbon monoxide alarms and detectors . We donât have the slide here on alarms because we are focusing on the problem, not the solution. We might want to mention it visually here as a key.
- Overview Car comparison Exception product is from COexperts (www.coexperts.com) National Comfort Institute makes another good one. NSI 3000 Trainer: show previous slide and what these alarms âmeasureâ (compare alarm types/brands) The better ones donât meet the âstandardâ because they do MORE! Building the Home Part 2
- Overview